• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.153-162
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• 2016

Chilli is a widely consumed crop throughout the world. However, chilli anthracnose is a major constraint in chilli production leading to huge economic losses worldwide. Colletotrichum is a large genus of Ascomycete fungi, containing species that cause anthracnose diseases on a wide range of crops of economic value. This review is aimed at critically and accurately examining the taxonomic identification of Colletotrichum species by morphological and molecular approaches as well as assessing their management options. The use of appropriate integrated management practices, such as cultural, mechanical, chemical, and biological control, are important in chilli anthracnose disease prevention and control. Emphasis is laid on the use of biological control because it is cost effective and eco-friendly, and is an appropriate approach for disease management. The use of resistant cultivars is the cheapest, easiest, safest, and most effective means of controlling crop diseases. But, since no resistant cultivars of chilli have been developed and commercialized, it is very important to develop biological management strategies. Further studies leading to integrated disease management strategies need to be carried out.

• International Journal of Railway
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.70-73
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• 2011

Controlling the exterior and interior noise emission has become an important issue in the research and development of high speed trains. As the operating speed of the train increases, the noise emission characteristics are expected to deviate from that of the existing trains due to several changes in the basic train layout. For train speed in excess of 350 km/h in particular, the aerodynamic noise component starts to exceed the structure-borne noise component, and even an incremental speed increase is accompanied by a rapid elevation in the noise level. The present study presents an engineering approach for predicting the aerodynamic noise level at the design stage for high speed trains. The experimental noise measurements from test run of Korean high speed train under development are presented as a partial validation of the proposed approach. While the overall aerodynamic noise can be cast in a single power law relationship against the train speed, different parts of the train show power law relationships unique to each component.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.1794-1802
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• 2001

Biotechnology will play critical role in improving animal productivity. Animal growth rate and muscle deposition potential can be greatly improved by the application of biotechnology and biotechnological products. Administration of recombinant somatotropin (ST) or other compounds such as IGF-1 and growth hormone-releasing peptides (GHRPs) can enhance growth rate and carcass lean percentage. Gene transfer offers a powerful approach to manipulate endocrine system and metabolic pathways toward faster growth and better feed efficiency. Biotechnology is also extensively used for improving metabolism and activity of gut microorganisms for better nutrient digestibility. Knockout of growth-inhibiting genes such as myostatin results in considerable acceleration of body weight and muscle growth. Animal growth can also be improved by the use of gene therapy. Immunomodulation is another approach for efficient growth through controlling the activity of endogenous anabolic hormones. All the above aspects will be discussed in this review.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.219-230
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to discover the recovery process of those having had myocardial infarction. Methods: 15 participants with myocardial infarction were recruited by theoretical sampling methods. The data were retrieved through in depth interview, participant observation, and medical records of the patients. Collected data were analyzed through grounded theory approach of Strauss and Corbin(1998). Results: 63 concepts, 27 subcategories, and 11 categories were deduced from the open coding process. The recovery process of myocardial infarction showed to be a process of 'Controling healthy track', and chronological recovery process was a four-step process of recognizing disruption of healthy track, making efforts for controlling the disrupted healthy track, reconstructing the new healthy track, and adapting to the new healthy track phase. 'Controling healthy track' had three types of self-initiation, contention of reality, and fateful acceptance. Conclusion: The results provided basic information for nursing intervention strategies depending on 'Controling healthy track' process by each phase and different types.

• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2007

투수의 견관절은 관절의 가동성과 안정성 사이에서 섬세한 균형이 요구된다. 이 균형은 쉽게 깨질 수 있어 손상으로 진행하게 된다. 성공적인 비수술적 치료의 제 1단계는 정확한 진단적 접근이다. 잘 설정되고 여러 단계에 걸친 방법으로 접근하는 재활을 시행함으로써 통증을 유발하는 염증 상태 개선 및 근육의 균형을 회복 관절의 유연성을 개선하고, 고유수용체 감각과 신경 근육 조절 능력을 개선하게 되어 효과적으로 운동 선수를 복귀시켜 줄 것이다. 이 글에서는 던지기 선수의 근골격계의 특이한 형태 변화와 특정 손상에 대한 다양한 형태의 재활 프로그램을 소개하고자 한다.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.389-392
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• 2004

The column generation process for the set-partitioning model of the vehicle routing problem requires repeated solutions of column generation subproblems which has a combinatorial structure similar to that of the traveling salesman problem. This limits the size of the problem that can be addressed. We introduce a new modeling approach, termed route-splitting, which splits each vehicle route into segments, and results in more tractable subproblems. A lower bounding scheme that yields an updated bound at each iteration of the column generation process is developed. Implementation issues, including a technique of controlling columns in the master problem, are explored. Lower bounds are computed on standard benchmark problems with up to 199 customers.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.852-859
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• 2009

For the analysis of solids containing a number of microinclusions or microvoids, in which the mechanical effect of each inclusion or void, a numerical approach is need to be developed to understand the mechanical behavior of damaged solids containing these defects. In this study, the simulation method using the natural element method is proposed for the analysis of effective elastic moduli. The mechanical effect of each inclusion or void is considered by controlling the material constants for Gaussian points. The relationship between area fraction of microinclusions or microvoids and effective elastic moduli is studied to verify the validity of the proposed method. The obtained results are in good agreement with the theoretical results such as differential method, self-consistent method, Mori-Tanaka method, as well as the numerical results by rigid body spring model.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.4270-4284
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• 2019

This study presents a reference model (RM) and the architecture of a cognitive health advisor (CHA) that integrates information with ambient intelligence. By controlling the information using the CHA platform, the reference model can provide various ambient intelligent solutions to a user. Herein, a novel approach to a CHA RM based on evolutional cyber-physical systems is proposed. The objective of the CHA RM is to improve personal health by managing data integration from many devices as well as conduct a new feedback cycle, which includes training and consulting to improve quality of life. The RM can provide an overview of the basis for implementing concrete software architectures. The proposed RM provides a standardized clarification for developers and service designers in the design and implementation process. The CHA RM provides a new approach to developing a digital healthcare model that includes integrated systems, subsystems, and components. New features for chatbots and feedback functions set the position of the conversational interface system to improve human health by integrating information, analytics, and decisions and feedback as an advisor on the CHA platform.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.27-50
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• 2009

This paper describes an adaptive management approach for predicting, monitoring, and controlling ground movements associated with excavations in urban areas. Successful use of monitoring data to update performance predictions of supported excavations depends equally on reasonable numerical simulations of performance, the type of monitoring data used as observations, and the optimization techniques used to minimize the difference between predictions and observed performance. This paper summarizes each of these factors and emphasizes their inter-dependence. Numerical considerations are described, including the initial stress and boundary conditions, the importance of reasonable representation of the construction process, and factors affecting the selection of the constitutive model. Monitoring data that can be used in conjunction with current numerical capabilities are discussed, including laser scanning and webcams for developing an accurate record of construction activities, and automated and remote instrumentations to measure movements. Self-updating numerical models that have been successfully used to compute anticipated ground movements, update predictions of field observations and to learn from field observations are summarized. Applications of these techniques from case studies are presented to illustrate the capabilities of this approach.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.67-79
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• 2006

Education for Sustainable Development(ESD) is inclined to become popular topics in EE related debates, almost similar to populism, with declaration of UNESCO's Decade OF ESD (DESD). However we can't avoid that development in ESD practically means economic linear progress. Basically UN's declaration is to accomplish worldly task on human civilization, social & environmental problems, including ESSD. ESD is also important means for practicing ESSD, which has proved to be failure since Brutrant Report, owing to uncertain recognition of sustainability which should be something figured out by their surrounding circumstance or the conditions following its community culture, all same around the world. In this circumstance, we need certain identification on ESD globally recognized, no matter with the developing level of economy. But sustainability is usually managed or controlled by economically powered countries, by improving relatively under-development countries's economic conditions for equity. They believe under-development countries's env. problems can't be resolved without securing of economic equity. Under-development countries's economic equity can be come true ? even by another economic super powers. It really means just controlling or management by them. These all controlling process can't secure under-development countries's sustainability. Because it is not something just controlled, characterized as growing up by self-supporting system of ethnic or regional communities. So identification of sustainability in here is , not . Following its identification, we should discuss ESD, and furthermore for real ESD, there is powerful need to change it into ESE (Education for Sustainability & its Economy) to reflect this co-conceptional approach to ESD. And also we need to distinguish the educational contents boundaries among ESD and EE for this. Basically existing EE has been dealing with pollution-oriented or its related social comprehensive subjects, so it seems that EE is not familiar and harmony with ESD contents, however in alternative case I propose in this paper, changing into ESE, it could include almost all of ESD subjects, furthermore practically EE might be same with ESE.