• 제목/요약/키워드: control programme

검색결과 133건 처리시간 0.024초

Differencies in the Level of Knowledge on Cervical Cancer among Health Care Students, Midwives and Patients in Serbia

  • Antic, Ljiljana Gojko;Djikanovic, Bosiljka Svetozar;Antic, Dragan Zivojin;Aleksopulos, Hristos Georgios;Trajkovic, Goran Zivojin
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제15권7호
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    • pp.3011-3015
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    • 2014
  • Background: Level of midwife knowledge is particularly important because of their role in the cervical cancer prevention programme. The aim of this study was to examine differences in the level of knowledge among health care students, midwives and women in the general population of Serbia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional approach was used with health care students of the medical shool, midwives in their practice, and women visiting a chosen general practitioner as respondents. Results: In comparison with the students and midwives, women had lower level of knowledge of causative agents of the cervical cancer, genital warts, HPV types, screening for cervical cancer as well as about the target population for vaccine and its role. Differences in the numbers of right answers of respondents were statistically significant (p<0.001). Four or more correct answers were obtained from 22.7% women, 35.3% from midwives and 83.8% from students. Conclusions: Midwives should improve their own level of knowledge related to preventive practice for cervical cancer, as well as their personal compliance with recommended practices, in order to be qualified and credible promoters of cervical cancer control among women in Serbia.

Conversion of C2C12 Myoblast into Adipoblast with Thiazolidinediones - A Possible Basis for Intramuscular Fat Generation in Meat Animals

  • Singh, N.K.;Chae, H.S.;Hwang, I.H.;Yoo, Y.M.;Ahn, C.N.;Lee, H.J.;Park, H.J.;Chung, H.Y.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제20권3호
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    • pp.432-439
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    • 2007
  • Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) act as potent activators of the adipose differentiation program in established preadipose cell lines. TZD's have also been investigated in diabetic patients and reported to act as PPAR-${\gamma}$ ligands. In this report, the effects of TZDs on the differentiation pathway of myoblasts have been investigated. C2C12 mouse myoblasts were grown in Dulbecco's Modified Eagles medium for 4-5 days until they reached almost 100% confluency. Post-confluent cells (day 0) were further exposed to adipogenic induction medium along with TZDs for 48 hours. Thereafter, cells were exposed only to TZDs every 48 h until day 10. The control was provided with differentiation medium without any treatment. Alterations in the cells during the differentiation programme were analyzed on the basis of fusion index, oil-red-o staining, adipocyte index, adipocyte stain uptake measurement, immuno-histochemistry and western blotting. Exposure of C2C12 mouse myoblasts to TZDs prevented the expression of myosin heavy chain with parallel increase in the expression of C/EBP-${\alpha}$ and PPAR-${\gamma}$ and acquisition of adipocyte morphology, thus abolishing the formation of multinucleated myotubes. TZDs exert their adipogenic effects only in non-terminally differentiated myoblasts; myotubes were insensitive to the compound. Continuous exposure (at least 4-5 doses) to inducers after the growth arrest was essential to provide a sustained environment to the cells converting to fully matured adipoctyes. The results indicate that TZDs specifically converted the differentiation pathway of myoblasts into that of adipoblasts.

출산제어사업의 출생방지 효과분석 1962 - 1982 (A Quantitative Analysis of Fertility Control Program for tne Prevention of Birtns)

  • 이시백
    • 한국인구학
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.39-77
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    • 1984
  • It has been well known that the family pjanning programme has a great deal with declining fertility in Korea. The present study was aimed to measure the impact of family planning program me on fertility level. The specific objectives are to overview the demographic changes ncluding fertility declining and to calculate actual number of birth averted during the last 20 years. The data used for the present study was collected from various sources such as service statistics of the government, survey and research reports, and other related papers. The tool used for calculation of birth prevention was "Standard Couple Years of Protection (SCYP) Method" developed by M Gorosh. The major findings are summarized as follows ; Total of family planning acceptors from 1962 to 1982 was 9,556,153. On the basis of this data, total of averted births was calculated for eachcontraceptive Method ; 1.Oral pills, total number of acceptors from 1968 to 1982 was 2.347,259. Estimated number of birth averted was 272 ,303 .70 and the Coefficient of births prevention per acceptor turned out to be 0.114 2.Condoms, total number of birth acceptors from 1962 to 1982 was 2,874,216. Estimated number of birth averted was 220,495.30 and the coefficient of births prevention per acceptor turned out to be 0.077. 3.IUD, total number of acceptors from 1962 to 1982 was 5,101 .650. Estimated number of birth averted was 1,377,584.76 and the coefficient of births prevention per acceptor turned out to be 0.270. 4.Vasectomy, total number of acceptors from 1962 to 1982 was 556,508. Estimated number of birth averted was 626 ,128 .80 and the coefficient of births prevention per acceptor turned out to be 1.125. 5.Tubaligation total number of birth acceptors from 1972 to 1982 was 1 210,775. Estimated number of birth averted was 1 ,117 679.00 and thecoefficient of birtlts prevention per acceptor turned nut to be 0.923. 6.Abortion, total number of acceptors from 1973 to 1982 was 465,525. Estimated number of birth averted was 355 ,283 .60 and the coefficient of births prevention per acceptor turned out to be 0.763.

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일지역 청소년을 위한 흡연예방사업 효과 평가 (Evaluation of Smoking Prevention Programme Targeted at Adolescents in Seoul Area)

  • 이정렬;이경희;배선형;서구민;함옥경
    • 한국보건간호학회지
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.74-79
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    • 2004
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of smoking prevention programs offered to primary and secondary school students in Seoul, and to analyze factors related to smoking for these students. A quasi-experimental study design was employed and a total of 8,717 students for pre-test and 7,925 students for post-test were participated in the study. The smoking prevention programs included poster and slogan contests. smoking cessation workshop. distribution of smoking prevention pamphlets, reinforcement of smoking regulations, and operation of mobile smoking cessation booth. The results indicated that smoking prevalence decreased after the intervention. However. despite the reinforcement of the regulation related to sales of tobacco to adolescents. more than $50\%$ of the participants still purchased tobacco from stores, while $20.8\%$ obtained tobacco through their friends. Stress, juvenile delinquency, and pocket money were identified as significant factors associated with tobacco use for these students. In conclusion, smoking prevention programs with multiple intervention strategies were effective in decreasing the smoking prevalence among adolescents. Further study is recommended to conduct an experimental study using comparison group to control the effect of other social influences such as national smoking cessation campaigns.

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선박 정박과정의 시간변위 자동 시뮬레이션을 통한 일반 및 저속 수학모델의 비교 분석 (Comparative Analysis between Mathematical Models for Normal and Low advance speeds of ships on Automatic Time-Domain Simulation of Berthing Operation)

  • 정광식;정진우;김인규;이승건
    • 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국항해항만학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회
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    • pp.299-300
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    • 2013
  • 본 연구에서는 선박의 정박과정 중 거동을 분석하기 위하여 저속과 고속의 전진속도에 쓰이는 서로 다른 수학 모델을 비교하며 시간변위 시뮬레이션이 수행되었고 그 결과가 제시되었다. 시뮬레이션 프로그램 개발의 첫 번째 단계로 선박의 속도와 타각 제어를 위하여 일반적인 PD (Proportional Derivative) 제어기가 사용되었으며 시뮬레이션 모델로서 탱커가 사용되었다. 본 연구는 선박의 정박과정을 위한 효과적인 시간변위 시뮬레이션 프로그램을 개발하기 위하여 정박 시뮬레이션에서의 비교 분석 결과를 제시한다.

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Development of a Robust Polyvoltine Breed $'NP_1'$ of the Mulberry Silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

  • Singh Ravindra;Rao D. Raghavendra;Sharma S.D.;Chandrashekaran K.;Basavaraja H.K.;Kariappa B.K.;Dandin S.B.
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.29-34
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    • 2006
  • A breeding programme was initiated during 2001 utilizing two polyvoltine silkworm breeds viz. $BL_{69}$, an evolved breed tolerant to high temperature and MAR, comparatively resistant to Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) with the objective to develop robust polyvoltine breeds and hybrids. The breed $NP_1$ was developed by exposing the fifth instar larvae to high temperature $(36{\pm}1^{\circ}C)$, high Relative Humidity ($85{\pm}5%$ R.H.) and inoculating third instar larvae with BmNPV inoculum. At $F_{12}$, the breed was tested for hybrid forming ability utilizing six bivoltine silkworm breeds viz. $CSR_2,\;CSR_4,\;CSR_{17},\;CSR_{18},\;CSR_{19}\;and\;NB_4D_2$. The hybrid $'NP_1{\times}CSR_{17}'$ exhibited its superiority by recording 97.2% survival, 1.892 g cocoon weight, 0.406 g cocoon shell weight, 21.5% cocoon shell ratio, 16.6% raw silk percentage and 890 m filament length whereas the control $(PM{\times}CSR_2)$ has recorded 90.2% survival, 1.599 g cocoon weight, 0.304 g cocoon shell weight, 18.9% cocoon shell ratio, 13.1 % raw silk percentage and 768 m filament length. Commercial exploitation of the new $polyvoltine{\times}bivoltine$ hybrid in sericulture industry has been discussed.

제2기 새천년 개발계획과 국제보건역량강화 (Build Capacity for International Health Agenda on the "Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development")

  • 박윤형
    • 보건행정학회지
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    • 제25권3호
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    • pp.149-151
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    • 2015
  • United Nations (UN) adopted 17 global sustainable development agenda to the year 2030 in the 68th general assembly on september, 2015. The global agendas and goals are important for 3 reasons: (1) to adopt the international standard for determining the health status; (2) to identify areas in need of attention; and (3) to advance international cooperation regarding health issues. In the area of infectious diseases, our goals include the eradication of human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome, tuberculosis, and malaria as well as a substantial reduction of hepatitis by the year 2030. In the area of non-communicable diseases, our goal is to reduce premature mortality (${\leq}70years$) at least 30% by the year 2030. Preventive activities such as smoking cessation, alcohol abstinence, nutritional measures, and physical activities, should also be promoted intensively nationwide. It is also necessary to establish stringent policies for control hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia. Additionally, environmental health, injury by traffic accident, mental health, and drug and alcohol abuse are important health policies. Furthermore, in the area of international health and cooperation, maternal and child health remain important areas of support for underdeveloped countries. Education and training towards the empowerment of health professionals in underdeveloped countries is also an important issue. The global agenda prioritize resources(manpower and budget) allocation of international organizations such as UN, World Health Organization, United Nations Development Programme, and World Bank. The global agenda also sets the contribution levels of Official Developmental Assistance donor countries. Health professionals such as professors and researchers will have to turn their attention to areas of vital international importance, and play an important role in implementation strategies and futhermore guiding global agenda.

Google Search Trends Predicting Disease Outbreaks: An Analysis from India

  • Verma, Madhur;Kishore, Kamal;Kumar, Mukesh;Sondh, Aparajita Ravi;Aggarwal, Gaurav;Kathirvel, Soundappan
    • Healthcare Informatics Research
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.300-308
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    • 2018
  • Objectives: Prompt detection is a cornerstone in the control and prevention of infectious diseases. The Integrated Disease Surveillance Project of India identifies outbreaks, but it does not exactly predict outbreaks. This study was conducted to assess temporal correlation between Google Trends and Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) data and to determine the feasibility of using Google Trends for the prediction of outbreaks or epidemics. Methods: The Google search queries related to malaria, dengue fever, chikungunya, and enteric fever for Chandigarh union territory and Haryana state of India in 2016 were extracted and compared with presumptive form data of the IDSP. Spearman correlation and scatter plots were used to depict the statistical relationship between the two datasets. Time trend plots were constructed to assess the correlation between Google search trends and disease notification under the IDSP. Results: Temporal correlation was observed between the IDSP reporting and Google search trends. Time series analysis of the Google Trends showed strong correlation with the IDSP data with a lag of -2 to -3 weeks for chikungunya and dengue fever in Chandigarh (r > 0.80) and Haryana (r > 0.70). Malaria and enteric fever showed a lag period of -2 to -3 weeks with moderate correlation. Conclusions: Similar results were obtained when applying the results of previous studies to specific diseases, and it is considered that many other diseases should be studied at the national and sub-national levels.

동북아 해역 권원중첩수역 공동개발합의와 공동환경보호합의 도출 방안 (A Study on the Ways to Joint Marine Development and Joint Marine Environmental Protection in Northeast Asia)

  • 김기순
    • Strategy21
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    • 통권37호
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    • pp.193-241
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    • 2015
  • China, Japan and Korea are the world's top 10 energy consumers, and so very interested in the development of seabed hydrocarbon resources in order to meet their energy demands. The East China Sea is the tri-junction area where three countries' entitlements on the maritime boundaries are overlapped. There are abundant oil reserves in the East China Sea, and therefore competitions among countries are growing to get control of them. Although these countries have concluded the bilateral agreements to jointly develop resources in the East China Sea, they do not function as well. Because joint development and management of seabed petroleum resources can lead to stable development system, and to lower possibility of legal and political disputes, the needs for joint development agreement among three countries are urgent. Meanwhile, Northeast Asian seas are semi-closed seas, which are geographically closed and vulnerable to marine pollution. Moreover there are a lot of nuclear power plants in coastal area, and seabed petroleum resources are being developed. So it is likely to occur nuclear and oil spill accidents. Fukushima nuclear disaster and Bohai Bay oil spill accident in 2011 are the cases to exhibit the potential of major marine pollution accidents in this area. It is anticipated that the risks become higher because power plants and offshore oil platforms are extending gradually. Therefore, the ways to seek the joint marine environmental protection agreement focused on regulation of nuclear power plant and offshore oil platform have to be considered. In this paper, we try to find the way to make joint development and joint environmental protection agreement in Northeast Asian seas. We concentrate on the measure to drive joint development of seabed petroleum deposits in East China Sea's overlap area, despite of maritime delimitation and territorial disputes, and we try to drive joint marine environmental protection system to respond to marine pollution and accidents due to offshore oil platform and nuclear power plants. Through these consideration, we seek solutions to deal with lack of energy, disputes of maritime territorial and boundary delimitation, and marine pollution in Northeast Asia.

Behaviour insights on damage-control composite beam-to-beam connections with replaceable elements

  • Xiuzhang He;Michael C.H. Yam;Ke Ke;Xuhong Zhou;Huanyang Zhang;Zi Gu
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • 제46권6호
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    • pp.773-791
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    • 2023
  • Connections with damage concentrated to pre-selected components can enhance seismic resilience for moment resisting frames. These pre-selected components always yield early to dissipate energy, and their energy dissipation mechanisms vary from one to another, depending on their position in the connection, geometry configuration details, and mechanical characteristics. This paper presents behaviour insights on two types of beam-to-beam connections that the angles were designed as energy dissipation components, through the results of experimental study and finite element analysis. Firstly, an experimental programme was reviewed, and key responses concerning the working mechanism of the connections were presented, including strain distribution at the critical section, section force responses of essential components, and initial stiffness of test specimens. Subsequently, finite element models of three specimens were established to further interpret their behaviour and response that were not observable in the tests. The moment and shear force transfer paths of the composite connections were clarified through the test results and finite element analysis. It was observed that the bending moment is mainly resisted by axial forces from the components, and the dominant axial force is from the bottom angles; the shear force at the critical section is primarily taken by the slab and the components near the top flange. Lastly, based on the insights on the load transfer path of the composite connections, preliminary design recommendations are proposed. In particular, a resistance requirement, quantified by a moment capacity ratio, was placed on the connections. Design models and equations were also developed for predicting the yield moment resistance and the shear resistance of the connections. A flexible beam model was proposed to quantify the shear resistance of essential components.