• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.149-160
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• 2023

Objectives This study is for reporting current status and strategies of thread embedding acupuncture (TEA) in temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) using web-based survey. Methods Survey was conducted online via E-mail among Korean medicine doctors registered with the Association of Korean Medicine. The questionnaire is developed by Korean medicine doctor in Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong. The survey consisted mainly of multiple-choice questions on the current status and strategies of TEA for TMD. Results Total of 427 doctors responded. TEA was mostly used for 'Cosmetic purpose and others' with 287 respondents (67.2%), and 102 respondents (23.9%) having experience with TEA for TMD. The most common purpose for TEA for TMD was 'Improving muscle contraction and tension' with 290 respondents (67.9%). The average interval was reported 2.12 weeks, and the most common response for the number of treatments was five sessions with 127 respondents (29.7%). The most common criterion for determining the treatment site was based on anatomical structure, accounting for 92.7%. The most effective anatomical structure was the 'Masseter muscle' with 83.1%, followed by the 'Temporal muscle' with 51.8%. TEA direction for TMD was dominant in 'affected side' for all muscles. Conclusions Through a survey, we can investigate clinical usage of TEA for TMD. This study can be helpful in creating standardized criteria for TEA on TMD in the future.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.338-346
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• 2023

등척성 팔굽 굽힘시 전완길이(florearm length)는 전완에 가해진 힘의 방향이 직각일 때 관절토크 뿐만 아니라 최대근지구력시간(maximum endurance time: MET)을 결정하는 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구의 목표는 전완의 등척성 수축시 MET의 대표적인 두 가지 실증적 모델인 지수모델과 거듭제곱모델에 전완길이를 추가요소로 적용했을 때 미치는 영향을 검토하는 것이다. 30명의 자원자가 실험에 참여하였으며, 요소변수로 사용할 참여자의 상완 및 전완의 둘레 및 길이들과 최대자율수축강도의 백분율(percent of maximum voluntary contraction intensity: %MVC)에 따른 MET를 측정하였다. 실험과정에서 ln(MET)의 다중선형회귀모델에서 유의확률을 산츨한 결과 %MVC와 전완길이가 유의한 독립변수임을 확인하였다 (P<0.05). 또한, 측정 MET와 기존의 두 가지 실증적 모델들 사이의 평균절대편차는 19.4초 였으나 전완길이를 적용한 모델을 이용한 경우 16.2초로 감소하였으며, 상관계수과 급내상관계수는 모두 평균 0.87 이었으나 전완길이를 적용했을 때 평균 0.91로 모두 증가하였다. 실험결과로부터 전완의 길이가 실증적 모델에 유의한 추가 요소임을 확인하였다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.207-214
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• 1996

Main cause of low back pain is a poor posture. Most low back pains are due to a poor posture. The poor posture induces muscle tension and finaliy low back pain. The poor posture arehabitually trained from the childhood by the environmetal factors. In general, maintaining good posture during working and sleeping hours are the first line of defence against back pam. (1) Supine posture is the easiest posture that relaxes and fixes muscles. Supine posture is thus a starting position for on exercise. Lying down releases the weight pressures of head and shoulder and thus body can be relaxed and extended which are helpful for treating back pain. However, supine posture can increase the pressure in ribcage posture aspect and disphragram due to visceral oragans. (2) Sitting in one position for a long time results in fatigue and relaxation of spinal muscies. Finally, body strength is weakened and sitting posture will become poor. If this poor posture continues for a longer time, pain will be accompanied due to overelongation of muscle ligaments. The habitual poor posture could induce intervertebral disc distortion. If the intervertebral disc is damaged, sitting in one position or movement causes pain. (3) Abnormal lumbar curve induces the tention of abdominal muscle and paravertebral muscle groups as well as tention of lower limb muscle group connected to pelvis. For a person with weak body strength, muscle relaxation increases curvature in lumbar, chest and cervical regions. This will induce a pelvic anterior tilting of the imaginary line between A. S. I. S. and P. S. I. S. Hip joint extensor muscle acts on releasing the pelvic anterior tilting. Contrections of hamstring muscle and femoral muscle recover the imaginary line between A.S.LS. and P.S.I.S. from pelvic anterior tilting. thus, contraction of rectus abdominis muscle are required to maintain the normal lumbar curve.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2005

This study was designed to identify the effect of various decline boards and postures of lower extremities on surface electromyographic (EMG) activity of knee muscles during isometric single-leg decline squat exercises. The subjects were twenty young male adults who had not experienced any knee injury and their Q-angles were within a normal range. They were asked to perform single-leg decline squat exercises in five various conditions. The EMG activities of the gluteus maximus (GM), vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VMO), tibialis anterior (TA), and gastrocnemius (GCM) muscles were recorded in five various single-leg decline squat exercises by surface electrodes and normalized by maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) values. The normalized EMG activity levels were compared using one-way ANOVA with repeated measures. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Exercises 2 and 4 produced significantly greater EMG activity of VMO than did exercise 1 ($p_{adj}$<.05/10), 2) The VMO/VL ratio of EMG activity of exercise 4 was the highest, producing a significantly greater ratio than exercise 1 ($p_{adj}$<.05/10). These results show that single-leg lateral oblique decline squat exercise is the best exercise for selective strengthening of VMO, and the posture of the contralateral leg does also affect strengthening of VMO, but we'll need to research patellofemoral joint compression for clinical application of single-leg lateral oblique decline squat exercises.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of hand grip strength on the muscle activation of shoulder joint in breast cancer patients. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Ten breast cancer patients who agreed to active participation were included. These patients were operated with either conservative surgery or segmental mastectomy, and then were treated with radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The activity of the upper trapezius, lower trapezius, supraspinatus and serratus anterior muscle were measured using surface electrodes during 4 hand gripping tasks (lowered their arms in standing position, 0%, 30%, and 50% of maximum voluntary contraction) in the scapular abduction plane. Results: The results were analyzed using a one-way repeated measures ANOVA. There was a significant difference in the lower trapezius and supraspinatus muscles according to grip strength, lower trapezius and supraspinatus muscles showed significantly difference according to grip strength (p<0.05). The result of the muscle activation according to hand strength (0%, 30%, and 50%) it showed a significant difference between the upper trapezius and supraspinatus in 0% grip strength (p<0.05). In addition, it did not show a significant difference between muscles in 30%, 50% hand strength. Conclusions: This study showed an increase in shoulder muscle activation with increasing hand grip strength with the upper trapezius muscle being more activated than other muscles in 0% grip strength. The finding of this study suggests usefulness for development of preventative measures and rehabilitation strategies for increasing shoulder motor function in patients with breast cancer.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.78-82
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• 1998

The following will describe a method of evaluating the SLAP lesion in the recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder. We have named it the biceps load test. The biceps load test is performed with the patient in the supine position and the arm to be examined is abducted 90/sup°/, and the forearm is in the supinated position. First, the anterior apprehension test is performed. When the patient become apprehensive, the patient is allowed active flexion of the elbow, while the examiner resists elbow flexion. If the apprehension is relieved or diminished, the test is negative. If aggravated or unchanged, the test is positive. A prospective study was performed, in which 75 patients who were diagnosed as having recurrent unilateral anterior instability of the shoulder underwent the biceps load test and arthroscopic examination. The biceps load test showed negative results in 64 of these patients, of which the superior labral-biceps complex was intact'in 63 cases and only I shoulder revealed a type n SLAP lesion. E]even patients with a positive test were confirmed to have type n SLAP lesions. A positive biceps load test represents an unstable SLAP lesion in a patient with recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder. The biceps load test is a reliable test for evaluating the SLAP lesion in the recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder(sensitivity: ,9] .7%, specificity: 100%, positive predictive value: 1.00 and negative predictive value: 0.98). Biceps contraction increases the torsional rigidity ?of the glenohumeral joint and long head of biceps tendan act as internal rotator of the shoulder in the abducted and externally rotated position. These stabilize the shoulder in abduction and external rotation position in the biceps load test.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 1994

The vocal pitch is controlled by the tension, mass, and length of the vocal fold. It is well known that cricothyroid approximation raises the vocal pitch by simulating the contraction of the cricothyroid muscle, and there were so many reports that have noted a relationship between cricothyroid distance and pitch control, but there does not seem to be any single generally accepted theory to account for this connection. It is generally known that the strap muscles are active during low and falling Fo, and the suprahyoid muscles are active during high and raising Fo. These findings can be related to a general picture of the motion of the larynx during changes in Fo, the cricothyroid joint would tend to lengthen the vocal folds, as the larynx moves up and forward, and relax them as it moves back and down. In this study, we suggest that the relationship between anterior cricothyroid distance and fundamental frequency of the larynx was so complex according to the level of larynx and vertebral curvature. The higher the level of larynx, the wider the cricothyoid distance, but there is more greater fundamental frequency even though more wide cricothyroid distance. This phono-menon seems to be due to the multifactors, especially the vertical tension of the conus elasticus or the change of cricothyroid articulation. It is generally known that the crocothyoid and vocal is muscles are very closely related to pitch elevation, but sternohyoid muscle seems to be more closely related to pitch lowering. By this electromyographic studies, the sternohyoid muscle have dual activity to pitch control, increased activity during the low fundamental frequency and falling pitch, but also increased activity during the higher fundamental frequency and raising pitch at least in this study.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.297-308
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among isometric and isokinetic muscle strength, lean body mass(LBM) and bone mineral density(BMD) in the elderly. Eleven males(age, 70.27${\pm}$5.78yr; height, 167.36${\pm}$6.68 cm; weight, 68.34${\pm}$8.23 kg) and thirteen female(age, 69.77${\pm}$4.13yr; height, 152.80${\pm}$4.45 cm; weight, 56.86${\pm}$7.40 kg) participated in this study. In all subjects, LBM and BMD segments was measured by using Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry(DEXA, Lunar DPS-DM, U.S.A.). Maximum isometric and isokinetic muscle strength of flexion and extension at the knee and elbow, ankle, trunk joints were measured by using an isokinetic dynamometer(CON-TREX(R) Multi Joint Testing Module, Switzerland). The results of this study showed that isometric and isokinetic muscle strength was significantly higher in extension than flexion. In the male and female, hamstring to quadriceps strength ratio(H:Q ratio) was increased as contraction velocity increased. BMD was correlated significantly with trunk extension in the male, but not in the female. LBM was correlated significantly in the male and female with knee extension strength. This study suggests that in the elderly muscle strength training program should put more weight on extensor muscles of the body.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in elastic properties of tendon structure of human ankle dorsiflexor following eccentric exercise. Six male subjects(age: $27.3{\pm}2.0$ years, height: $180.3{\pm}1.4$ cm, weight: $82.6{\pm}5.3$ kg) and three female subjects(age: $26.7{\pm}2.9$ years, height: $170.0{\pm}4.2$ cm, weight: $66.6{\pm}1.4$ kg) performed a single bout eccentric exercise consisting of 120 repetitions of maximum eccentric contractions. Prior to and following the eccentric exercise, isometric ankle dorsiflexion strength along with longitudinal ultrasound image of the tibialis anterior(TA) were collected. Muscle strength decreased about 30% after eccentric exercise. From the muscle strength vs. aponeurosis elongation curve, we obtained an index of stiffness. Stiffness of deep aponeurosis of the TA was assessed and found to be decreased from $87.4{\pm}33.56$ N/mm to $73.1{\pm}23.52$ N/mm. The results of this study suggest that decrease in stiffness of the TA aponeurosis following eccentric exercise might have significant implications to functions of the muscle-tendon complex and the involved joint motion and provide better understanding of eccentric exercise in the fields of training and rehabilitation.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.45-61
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• 2001

본 연구는 보행주기 동안 정상인과 당뇨병성 족부궤양 환자의 족관절 운동역학적 변수와 족관절 근육들의 근활성도에 차이가 있는지 알아보기 위하여 실시하였다. 본 연구의 대상자는 당뇨병성 족부궤양이 있는 환자 9명(남자: 6명, 여자: 3명)과 성, 연령, 체중으로 짝짓기(matching)시킨 대조군 9명이었다. 3차원 동작분석기, 힘판, 표면 근전도를 이용하여, 보행주기 동안 족관절의 관절가동범위, 모멘트(moment), 일률(power), 그리고 내측가자미근, 전경골근, 비복근의 근수축 개시시간(onset time)과 종료시간(cessation time)을 측정하였다. 정상군과 비교하여 당뇨병성 족부궤양군의 보행속도는 느렸고, 입각기 기간이 길었으며, 족관절의 가동범위가 적었고, 족관절 최대 족저굴곡 모멘트와 일률이 정상군에서보다 유의하게 낮았다. 보행주기에서 당뇨병성 족부궤양군에서 내측 가자미근과 비복근의 근수축 개시시간은 유의하게 빨랐으며, 전경골근과 비복근의 근수축 종료시간은 유의하게 지연되었다. 당뇨병성 족부궤양 환자군의 족관절 근육에서 동시수축(co-contraction)이 증가되고, 보행속도가 느리며, 입각기 기간이 증가하였다. 이러한 보행특성의 차이는 족부 감각손실에 따른 보행의 안정성을 유지하기 위한 보행전략 때문으로 판단된다. 앞으로 이러한 비정상적인 보행특성이 당뇨병성 족부궤양에서 발생하는 비정상적인 족저부 압력분포과 족부궤양 발생과 어떤 관계가 있는지 알아보는 연구가 필요할 것이다.