• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.296-302
• /
• 1996

Pericarpium Citri Nobilis Viride, a traditional herb medicine, has been used in Korea and China for many centuries as a treatment for respiratory disease. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of Pericarpium Citri Nobilis Viride on histamine-induced tracheal smooth muscle contraction in rats. Guinea pigs(500g , female) were killed by $CO_2$ exposure and a segment (8-10mm) of the thoracic trachea from each guinea pig was cut into equal segments and mounted 'in pairs' in a tissue bath. Contractile force was measured with force displacement transducers under 0.5g loading tension. The dose of histamine which evoked 50% of maximal response $(ED_{50})$ was obtained from cumulative dose response curves for histamine $(10^{-7}-10^{-4}M)$. Contractions evoked by histamine ($ED_{50}$) were inhibited significantly by Pericarpium Citri Nobilis Viride. The mean percent inhibition was 53.7% (P<0.05) after 1.5mg／ml Pericarpium Citri Nobilis Viride, and 87.7% (P<0.01) after 5.0mg／ml Pericarpium Citri Nobilis Viride. Propranolol $(10^{-7}M)$ slightly but significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of Pericarpium Citri Nobilis Viride. Following treatment with propranolol the mean present inhibition caused by 1.5 and 5.0mg／ml Pericarpium Citri Nobilis Viride. Indomethacin and methylene blue $(10^{-7}M)$ did not significantly alter the inhibitory effect of Pericarpium Citri Nobilis Viride These results indicate that Pericarpium Citri Nobilis Viride can relax histamine-induced contraction of guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle, and that this inhibition involves in part symphathetic nerve system.

• 한국응급구조학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.165-173
• /
• 2019

Purpose: Norepinephrine (NE) is a neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system. It is used for treating hypotension on distributive shock, central nervous system injury, or sepsis. There are several reports that state that alcohol suppresses vasoconstriction by NE. Thus, our hypothesis is that the effect of NE is reduced in alcohol-drinking patients with distributive shock. We investigated whether alcohol suppresses NE-induced contraction and aimed at finding a solution to this problem. Methods: For this study, we used the aorta from male Sprague-Dawley rats (9-11 weeks) and an isometric contraction system. Results: Our results showed that alcohol suppresses NE contraction and does not affect epinephrine induced a contraction. Moreover, in the presence of alcohol, a 7:3 mixture of NE and epinephrine induced a contractile force similar to that induced by NE under normal conditions. Conclusion: We found that the vasoconstrictive force of NE decreased in the blood vessels in which alcohol was present, which was not because endothelial cells. The reduced contractile force was most similar to that induced by a 7:3 mixture of NE and epinephrine.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.83-93
• /
• 1997

Rhizoma Coptidis, a traditional herb medicine, has been used in Korea and China for many centuries as a treatment for many disease. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of Rhizoma Coptidis on histamine-induced tracheal smooth muscle contraction in guinea pigs and rats. Guinea pigs(500g, male) and rats(250g, male) were killed by $CO_2$ exposure and a segment (8-10mm) of the thoracic trachea from each guinea pig was cut into equal segments and mounted 'in pairs' in a tissue bath. Contractile force was measured with force displacement transducers under 0.5g loading tension. The dose of histamine which evoked 50% of maximal response ($ED_{50}$) was obtained from cumulative dose response curves for histamine ($10^{-7}-10^{-3}M$). Contractions evoked by histamine($ED_{50}$) were inhibited significantly by Rhizoma Coptidis. The mean percent inhibition was 33.2% after 1.5mg/ml Rhizoma Coptidis, and 69.5% after 5.0mg/ml Rhizoma Coptidis in guinea pigs, and the mean percent inhibition was 25.3% after 1.5mg/ml Rhizoma Coptidis, and 65.8% after 5.0mg/ml Rhizoma Coptidis in rats. Indomethacin ($10^{-7}M$) slightly but significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of Rhizoma Coptidis. But propranolol and methylene blue ($10^{-7}M$) did not significantly alter the inhibitory effect of Rhizoma Coptidis. These results indicate that Rhizoma Coptidis can relax histamine-induced contraction of guinea pig and rat tracheal smooth muscle, and that this inhibition involves, in part, cyclooxygenese inhibitor.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.55-61
• /
• 1988

To elucidate one of the effect of piperine on the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, influence of piperine upon the contractile action of norepinephrine, methoxamine and tyramine as well as uptake and release of $[^{3}H]-norepinephrine$ has been investigated in naive and chronic piperine-treated vas deferens of rats. $pA_2$ value for ${\alpha}_1-adrenoceptor$ of phentolamine was significantly increased. Chronic piperine-treated group was markedly shown increased efflux of $[^{3}H]-norepinephrine$ and muscular tension, but was not affected the neuronal up-take and release of $[^{3}H]-norepinephrine$. It can be concluded that potentiation of the effect of norepinephrine by acute and chronic piperine treated group may be due to the change of affinity of ${\alpha}_1-adrenoceptor$, and partly due to possible modification of storage mechanism.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제1권6호
• /
• pp.783-796
• /
• 1997

The relaxation induced by stimulation of the inhibitory non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (iNANC) nerve is mediated by the release of iNANC neurotransmitters such as nitric oxide (NO), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The mechanisms of NO, VIP or ATP-induced relaxation have been partly determined in previous studies, but the detailed mechanism remains unknown. We tried to identify the nature of iNANC neurotransmitters in the smooth muscle of guinea pig ileum and to determine the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of nitric oxide. We measured the effect of NO-donors VIP and ATP on the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration$([Ca^{2+}]_i)$, by means of a fluorescence dye(fura 2) and tension simultaneously in the isolated guinea pig ileal smooth muscle. Following are the results obtained. 1. Sodium nitroprusside $(SNP:10^{-5}\;M)$ or S -nitro-N-acetyl-penicillamine $(SNP:10^{-5}\;M)$ decreased resting $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ I and tension of muscle. SNP or SNAP also inhibited rhythmic oscillation of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and tension. In 40mM $K^+$ solution or carbachol ($(CCh:10^{-6}\;M)$-induced precontracted muscle, SNP decreased muscle tension. VIP did not change $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and tension in the resting or precontracted muscle, but ATP increased resting $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and tension in the resting muscle. 2. 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazol(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one $(ODQ:1\;{\mu}M)$, a specific inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase, limited the inhibitory effect of SNP 3. Glibenclamide $(10\;{\mu}M)$, a blocker of $K_{ATP}$ channel, and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP:5 mM), a blocker of delayed rectifier K channel, apamin $(0.1\;{\mu}M)$, a blocker of small conductance $K_{Ca}$ channel had no effect on the inhibitory effect of SNP. Iberiotoxin $(0.1\;{\mu}M)$, a blocker of large conductance $K_{Ca}$ channel, significantly increased the resting $[Ca^{2+}]_i$, and tension, and limited the inhibitory effect of SNP. 4. Nifedipine $(1\;{\mu}M)$ or elimination of external $Ca^{2+}$ decreased not only resting $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and tension but also oscillation of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and tension. Ryanodine $(5\;{\mu}M)$ and cyclopiazonic acid $(10\;{\mu}M)$ decreased oscillation of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and tension. 5. SNP decreased $Ca^{2+}$ sensitivity of contractile protein. In conclusion, these results suggest that 1) NO is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the guinea pig ileum, 2) the inhibitory effect of SNP on the $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and tension of the muscle is due to a decrease in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ by activation of the large conductance $K_{Ca}$ channel and a decrease in the sensitivity of contractile elements to $Ca^{2+}$ through activation of G-kinase.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제45권6호
• /
• pp.739-745
• /
• 2001

Of all pesticides, carbamates are known to be most common, since alternatives such as organophosphates have long lifetime and are extremely toxic to produce a delayed neurotoxic effect. Although a number of studies about toxicity of carbofuran, a most widely used carbamate, have been reported, its cardiovascular toxicity has not yet been studied. In the present study, we investigated its cardiovascular toxic effect in anesthetized rat in vivo and in isolated Langendorff rat heart, In anesthetized rat model, carbofuran (10 mg/kg) significantly reduced heart rate, and transiently increased blood pressure. In isolated rat heart, carbofuran (10${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) caused a significant depression in the left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), indicating contractile dysfunction by carbofuran. Carbofuran (10${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) also decreased coronary flow rate (CFR) in isolated heart, indicating carbofuran-induced coronary dysfunction. These results suggest that carbofuran can cause cardiac dysfunction in rat in vivo and vitro.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.97-104
• /
• 1999

A new antibiotic bead, CJ-40003 is a combination of three antibiotics, tobramycin, vancomycin and cefazolin embedded in bone cement, for the treatment of osteomyelitis. To evaluate the general pharmacological properties of CJ-40003, the effects of its active ingredients were investigated in mice, rats, dogs and isolated guinea pig ileum. The combination of three antibiotics (CA) did not affect general behavior, central nervous system, smooth muscles, gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and respiratory system and water and electrolytes excretion when administered intravenously at the doses of 0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg, respectively, into experimental animals. The CA had no effect on the contractile response of the isolated guinea pig ileum to various spasmogen at concentrations of 1, 3 and 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, respectively. In conclusion, the active ingredients of CJ-40003 showed no pharmacological effect in these studies.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.317-323
• /
• 2009

배경: Cox-Maze 술식은 심방세동의 동율동 전환율은 높지만, 좌심방의 크기 및 기계적 수축력 회복 측면에 대한 효과는 아직 확립되어 있지 않다. 본 연구는 Cox-Maze 술식 후 좌심방 크기 및 기계적 수축력 변화를 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 대상 및 방법: 1997년 7월부터 2008년 7월까지 승모판막 질환과 동반된 심방세동으로 총 647명의 환자에게 Cox-Maze 술식이 이루어졌다. 이 중, (1) 수술 후 경과 관찰 기간이 2년 이상인 경우, (2) 수술 후 항부정맥약의 복용 여부와 상관없이, 경과 관찰 기간도중 시행한 검사상 동율동이 지속된 경우, 그리고 (3) 경과 관찰 기간 도중 시행한 경흉부 심초음파 검사상, 판막의 Grade III 이상의 폐쇄부전증 또는 중등도 이상의 협착증이 없는 경우 등의 3가지 조건을 충족하는 211명을 연구 대상으로 하였다. 결과: 술 후 1년과 그 이후 추적 관찰기간의 경흉부심초음파 검사상 좌심방 크기는 증가하였으며, 기계적 수축력(E/A ratio)은 감소하였다. 추적 관찰기간이 길어질수록 통계적으로 유의하게 좌심방의 크기 증가와 기계적 수축력(E/A ratio) 감소의 소견을 보였다. 결론: 술 후 초기에 보여지는 회복된 좌심방 크기와 기계적 수축력은 시간이 경과함에 따라 각각 크기 승가와 기계적 수축력 감소를 보인다. 따라서 동율동으로 심박동 전환된 환자도 장기적인 추적관찰을 통해 꾸준한 좌심방 기능 평가가 필요하다고 생각된다.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.129-136
• /
• 1988

Effects of the selective alpha-adrenoceptor agonists, clonidine, oxymetazoline and phenylephrine, on heart rate and contractile force were investigated in the isolated frog atria and it was attempted to examine the influence of adrenoceptor antagonist upon those. Clonidine produced dose-dependent negative chronotropic and positive inotropic effects. The negative chronotropic effect was significantly attenuated in the presence of prazosin and yohimbine but not propranolol. The positive inotropic effect was significantly attenuated by prazosin, yohimbine and propranolol. Oxymetazoline produced dose-dependent negative chronotropic and inotropic effects. The negative chronotropic effect was significantly attenuated in the presence of prazosin, which was partially augmented by yohimbine but was not affected by propranolol. The negative inotropic effect was not affected by propranolol but it was partially augmented by yohimbine and was partially attenuated by prazosin. Phenylephrine produced dose-dependent positive chronotropic and inotropic effects. The positive chronotropic and inotropic effect were significantly attenuated in the presence of propranolol but were not affected by prazosin and yohimbine. These results suggest that the negative chronotropic effect by clonidine and oxymetazoline is mediated by alpha-adrenoceptors, the positive chronotropic and inotropic effects by phenylephrine are mediated by beta-adrenoceptors, and alpha-adrenoceptors mediated the inhibitory chronotropic responses exists in the isolated frog atria.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 2007

Objectives : Oriental pear was used as treatment of asthma, control of blood pressure, diabetes in oriental medicine. The aim of this study was to observe the effects of Phenolic compound extracted from pear and herbal drugs to treat asthma. Methods : In order to study the effect of oral administration of phenolic compound extracted from pear and herbal drugs(Platycodon grandiflorum, Prunus armeniaca) on allergic asthma, mice were pre-treated by oral administration of the solution before antigen sensitization four times for 8 days. 2 days later, mice were actively sensitized with a subcutaneous injection of ovalbumin and 13 days later, they were provoked with ovalbumin aerosols. The animals were divided into four groups; Saline, orally administered saline. PC-A, orally administered Phenolic compound extracted from pear peel 10mg/kg/ml. PC-B, orally administered Phenolic compound extracted from pear peel and flesh 10mg/kg/ml. PC-C, orally administered pear 10m/kg/ml, Platycodon grandiflorum 24.4 mg/kg/ml and Prunus armeniaca 33.3 mg/kg/ml. Serum level of IgE, IL-4, cell numbers in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF), and in vitro isometric contractile responses of the isolated tracheal smooth muscle(TSM) to acetylcholine(ACh, $0.1-1000{\mu}M$), KCl were measured. Results : Contractile responses of TSM to ACh were decreased in PC-A group at Ach 0.1, 0.3, 1 ${\mu}M$, decreased in PC-B at 0.1 ${\mu}M$ and decreased in PC-C at 0.1, 0.3, 1, 10, 30 ${\mu}M$. The maximal contractile response of TSM to KCl was decreased in PC-C group, The cell numbers of eosinophil in BALF were decreased in PC-C group, and those of macrophages in BALF were decreased in PC-A and PC-C group. Interleukin-4 in BALF was decreased in PC-A, PC-B, PC-C group. Conclusion : Based on the above results it is assumed that oral administration of phenolic compound extracted from pear and herbal drugs can help the treatment of deficiency allergic Asthma.