• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.411-417
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• 2019

목적: 슬관절 인공관절 전치환술(total knee arthroplasty, TKA) 시행 후 일회 주사 내전근관 차단술(single injection adductor canal block, SACB), 지속적 내전근관 차단술(continuous adductor canal block, CACB), 그리고 경피성 buprenorphine 병합 사용을 통한 임상결과를 비교하였다. 대상 및 방법: TKA 후 통증 조절을 시행한 125명의 환자들을 대상으로 SACB를 단독 시행한 I군(41명), SACB 및 경피성 buprenorphine 10 ㎍/h를 병합 사용한 II군(44명), CACB를 시행한 III군(40명)으로 분류하여 임상결과를 후향적으로 비교하였다. 통증 조절 지표로 visual analogue scale (VAS)을 사용하였으며, 술 후 12시간, 24시간, 48시간째 침상 안정 상태에서의 VAS (VAS-Rest)와 술 후 24시간 및 48시간째 continuous passive motion (CPM) 중 VAS (VAS-CPM), 그리고 술 후 48시간 동안 정맥주사 patient controlled analgesia (PCA)를 위한 약물(부토판, 트리돌, 케토락)의 사용량을 측정하였다. 기능 개선 지표로 술 후 48시간 동안 오심 및 구토 증상 횟수, 술 후 24시간 및 48시간째 최대 슬관절 굴곡 범위와 최대 자가 보행 거리, 그리고 총 재원 기간을 기록하여 비교하였다. 결과: VAS-Rest는 술 후 12시간째는 유의한 차이가 없었으나 술 후 24시간 및 48시간째와 VAS-CPM, PCA 총 사용량에서 II, III군이 I군보다 유의하게(p<0.05) 더 낮은 결과를 나타내었다. 그리고 오심 및 구토 증상 횟수, 최대 슬관절 굴곡 범위와 자가 보행 거리, 총 재원 기간은 세 군 간의 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론: SACB 및 경피성 buprenorphine 병합 사용은 초기 통증 조절에 우수한 결과를 보였으며, 카테터로 인한 문제가 없고, 사용의 편의성 및 신 기능에 대한 안전성이 있기 때문에 TKA 후 유용한 통증 조절 방법이 될 수 있다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.181-188
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• 1993

석천미사질(石泉微砂質) 양토(壤土)에서 윤환형태(輪換形態) 및 작부체계(作付體系)에 따른 연차간(年次間) 토양질소(土壤窒素)의 무기화(無機化) 양상(樣相), 토양중(土壤中) 유기물(有機物) 및 인산(燐酸)의 변동(變動) 및 수도수량(水稻收量)과 무기성분(無機成分) 흡수량(吸收量)과의 관계를 검토(檢討)한 몇가지 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 긍온담수(恆溫湛水) 토양(土壤)에서 '90~'93년(年) 4년간(年間)의 4주(週) 및 10주(週)째의 질소무기화량(窒素無機化量)과 가급태(可給態) 질소함량(窒素含量)은 수도연작구(水稻連作區)보다 매년윤환구(每年輪換區) 및 2연윤환구(年輪換區)에서, 대두구(大豆區)보다 감자-배추구(區)에서 많았다. 2. 토양(土壤)중 유기물함량(有機物含量) 및 유효인산(有效燐酸)의 연차간(年次間) 변동(變動)은 수도연작구(水稻連作區)에서는 큰 변동이 없었으나 윤환구간(輪換區間)에서는 전전환구(田轉換區)>2연윤환구(年輪換區)>매년윤환구(每年輪換區)의 순(順)으로 감소되었으며 작물(作物)간에는 감자-배추구(區)보다 대두구(大豆區)에서 감소폭(減少幅)이 컸다. 3. 정조수량(正租收量)은 수도연작구(水稻連作區)에 비하여 감자-배추구(區) 및 대두구(大豆區)에서 3개년(個年) 동안 26~20%, 17~5%, 5~4% 증수(增收)되었는데 윤환년수(輪換年數)가 길수록 수량증수율(收量增收率)이 적었다. 4. 3년간(年間)('90~92년)의 수확기(收穫期) 수도(水稻) 식물체(植物體)중 모든 무기성분(無機成分) 흡수량(吸收量)은 수도(水稻) 연작구(連作區)보다 매년(每年) 윤환구(輪換區) 및 2년윤환구(年輪換區)에서, 대두구(大豆區)보다 감자-배추구(區)에서 흡수량(吸收量)이 현저히 증가되었다.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 무릎 신전 제한형 보조기 착용 후 보행시 하지 내 협응에 미치는 영향을 평가하는 하는 것이다. 본 연구에는 7명의 건강한 성인 남성($32.3{\pm}2.7$ 세, $175.2{\pm}3.8cm$, $76.2{\pm}8.7kg$)이 참여하였다. 이들은 무릎보조기를 착용하거나 착용하지 않고 10m의 평지를 보행하였다. 이때 시공간적 파라미터, 하지의 각도, 하지 내 연속상대 위상(CRP)를 측정 및 계산하였다. 그 결과 시공간적 요인은 차이가 없었다 (all p > 0.05). 무릎보조기 착용 시 엉덩관절의 가동범위 및 각도 변화는 없었으나, 무릎관절의 가동범위는 감소하였으며 ($65.5{\pm}3.75^{\circ}$ vs. $60.5{\pm}3.5^{\circ}$, p < 0.05), 최대 굴곡 역시 감소하였다 (입각기: $31.9{\pm}4.6$ vs. $25.6{\pm}5.5$, 유각기: $76.7{\pm}3.1$ vs. $68.9{\pm}3.4$, all p < 0.05). 발목관절의 가동범위는 변화가 없었으나, 최대 배측굴곡 ($22.4{\pm}2.6$ vs. $19.2{\pm}2.1$, p< 0.05)은 감소하였으며, 최대 족저굴곡이 증가하였다 ($9.5{\pm}3.0$ vs. $15.7{\pm}2.2$, p<0.05). 대부분의 CRP는 차이가 없었으며, 유각기 엉덩관절과 무릎관절 사이의 CRP만 감소하였다 ($93.0{\pm}7.8$ vs, $84.7{\pm}4.9$, p < 0.05). CRP의 표준편차는 대부분 증가하였다 (유각기 엉덩관절과 무릎관절사이: $25.1{\pm}6.7$ vs. $32.4{\pm}1.9$, 입각기 무릎관절과 발목관절사이: $46.0{\pm}12.9$ vs. $80.1{\pm}31.1$, 유각기 무릎관절과 발목관절 사이: $34.5{\pm}4.1$ vs. $37.6{\pm}3.1$, all p < 0.05). 이와 같은 결과로부터 무릎 신전 제한형 보조기 착용은 관절의 각도, 하지 내 협응에는 영향을 미치지만, 보행특성에는 큰 영향을 미치는 않는다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.749-754
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• 2006

The maritime logistics environment including seaborne trade, shipping and ports is changing rapidly and continuously. Large containerships, mega carriers and global terminal operators try to achieve economies of scale and economies of scope. As a result of the changing environment, the competition between ports to achieve competitiveness is intensive. Port competition among China, Japan and Korea is becoming fiercer, both directly and indirectly, resulting from the increased trade in northeast Asia. Port development projects within each country stimulate more intensive port competition. As a result, overcapacity, fierce price competition and overlapping hinterland problems will be caused in the future. Co-operation for survival is considered as a strategy in order to solve anticipated problems caused by port competition Busan port, for instance, could co-operate with China and Japan as well as with other ports in Korea Terminal operators' expansion through investments including joint-ventures will make connections between ports smoother. At the port authority level, continuous cooperative interchange between countries is indispensable.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.21-34
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• 2020

Precast deck joints have larger crack width than cast-in-place concrete decks. The initial crack typically occurs at the maximum moment but cracks on precast joints are significant and lead to failure of the deck. The present crack equation is applied to cast-in-place decks, and requires correction to calculate the crack width of precast deck joints. This research aims to study the crack width correction equation of precast decks by performing static tests using high strength and normal strength concrete. Based on experimental results, the bending strength of the structural connections of the current precast deck is satisfied. However it is not suitable to calculate and control the crack width of precast loop connections using the current design equation. A crack width calculation equation is proposed for crack control of precast deck loop joints. Also included in this paper are recommendations to improve the crack control of loop connections.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 1994년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.87-94
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• 1994

During the construction of externally prestressed 7-span continuous segmental bridge, cracks beyond permissible limit were found at anchor zone of expansion joint segment. To eliminate this problem, tension side of diaphragm was prestressed by post-tensioning bars in vertical and horizontal direction. To investigate this remedy is acceptable, stresses of reinforcing bars and concrete surface were measured for the real structure in the field. The measurement was performed through each step of prestressing sequence during construction. Also to investigage stresses induced by live load, static load test was performed and the results was analyzed. In this paper it will be presented the procedure and results for this experimental study along with comparison with analytical study.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제39권12호
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• pp.1306-1316
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• 1990

A controller using a multilayer neural network is proposed to the dynamic control of a PUMA 560 robot arm. This controller is developed based on an error back-propagation (BP) neural network. Since the neural network can model an arbitrary nonlinear mapping, it is used as a commanded feedforward torque generator. A Proportional Derivative (PD) feedback controller is used in parallel with the feedforward neural network to train the system. The neural network was trained by the current state of the manipulator as well as the PD feedback error torque. No a priori knowledge on system dynamics is needed and this information is rather implicitly stored in the interconnection weights of the neural network. In another experiment, the neural network was trained with the current, past and future positions only without any use of velocity sensors. Form this thim window of position values, BP network implicitly filters out the velocity and acceleration components for each joint. Computer simulation demonstrates such powerful characteristics of the neurocontroller as adaptation to changing environments, robustness to sensor noise, and continuous performance improvement with self-learning.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.519-530
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• 2001

A two commodity continuous review inventory system with independent Poisson processes for the demands is considered in this paper. The maximum inventory level for the i-th commodity fixed as $S_i$(i = 1,2). The net inventory level at time t for the i-th commodity is denoted by $I_i(t),\;i\;=\;1,2$. If the total net inventory level $I(t)\;=\;I_1(t)+I_2(t)$ drops to a prefixed level s $[{\leq}\;\frac{({S_1}-2}{2}\;or\;\frac{({S_2}-2}{2}]$, an order will be placed for $(S_{i}-s)$ units of i-th commodity(i=1,2). The probability distribution for inventory level and mean reorders and shortage rates in the steady state are computed. Numerical illustrations of the results are also provided.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.279-284
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• 2002

Prestressed concrete(PSC) bridge structures with a number of continuous spans has been segmentally built in many countries. These methods include incremental launching method, movable scaffolding method, full staging method and balanced cantilever method. In these segmentally constructed prestressed concrete bridges, many construction joints exist and these construction joints are weak points in PSC bridges. The prestress force can be introduced prestress force continuously through the construction joints of PSC bridge superstructure using tendon couplers. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the structural behavior and ultimate flexural strength of construction joints in PSC girder bridge members. To this end, a comprehensive experimental program has been set up and a series of full-scale tests have been performed. Ultimate flexural strength of construction joint in PSC members with tendon couplers is decreased by approximately 10% for non-coupled members.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.42-50
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• 2013

The reactionary responses to control human standing dynamics were estimated under the assumption that postural complexity mainly occurs in the mid-sagittal plane. During the experiment, the subject was exposed to continuous horizontal perturbation. The ankle and hip joint rotations of the subject mainly contributed to maintaining standing postural control. The designed mobile platform generated anterior/posterior (AP) motion. Non-predictive random translation was used as input for the system. The mean acceleration generated by the platform was measured as $0.44m/s^2$. The measured data were analyzed in the frequency domain by the coherence function and the frequency response function to estimate its dynamic responses. The significant correlation found between the input and output of the postural control system. The frequency response function revealed prominent resonant peaks within its frequency spectrum and magnitude. Subjects behaved as a non-rigid two link inverted pendulum. The analyzed data are consistent with the outcome hypothesized for this study.