• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.595-601
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• 2003

For monitoring of the civil and building structure, optical fiber sensors are very convenient. The fiber sensors are very small and do not disturb the structural properties. They also have several merits such as electro-magnetic immunity, long signal transmission, good accuracy and multiplicity of one sensor line. Strain measurement technologies with fiber optic sensors have been investigated as a part of smart structure. In this paper, we investigated the possibilities of fiber optic sensor application to the monitoring of beam-column joints of structures. We expect that the fiber optic sensors replace electrical strain gauges. The commercial electric strain gauges show good stability und dominate tile strain measurement market. However, they lack durability and long term stability for continuous monitoring of the structures. In order to apply the strain gauges, we only have to attach them to the surfaces of the structures. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of using fiber optic Bragg grating sensors to joint structure. The sensors show nice response to the structural behavior of the joint.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.281-287
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• 2017

Mill scale, an iron waste, was used to separate magnetite particles for the adsorption of phosphate from aqueous solution. Mill scale has a layered structure composed of wustite (FeO), magnetite ($Fe_3O_4$), and hematite ($Fe_2O_3$). Because magnetite shows the highest magnetic property among these iron oxides, it can be easily separated from the crushed mill scale particles. Several techniques were employed to characterize the separated particles. Mill scale-derived magnetite particles exhibited a strong uptake affinity to phosphate in a wide pH range of 3-7, with the maximum adsorptive removal of 100%, at the dosage of 1 g/L, pH 3-5. Langmuir isotherm model well described the equilibrium data, exhibiting maximum adsorption capacities for phosphate up to 4.95 and 8.79 mg/g at 298 and 308 K, respectively. From continuous operation of the packed-bed column reactor operated with different EBCT (empty bed contact time) and adsorbent particle size, the breakthrough of phosphate started after 8-22 days of operation. After regeneration of the column reactor with 0.1N NaOH solution, 95-98% of adsorbed phosphate could be detached from the column reactor.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.291-305
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• 2011

The new structure consisting of continuous compound spiral hoop reinforced concrete (CCSHRC)column and steel concrete composite (SCC) beam has both the advantages of steel structures and concrete structures. Two types of beam-to-column connections applied in this structural system are presented in this paper. The connection details are as follows: the main bars in beam concrete pass through the core zone for both types of connections. For connecting bar connection, the steel I-beam webs are connected by bolts to a steel plate passing through the joint while the top and bottom flanges of the beams are connected by four straight and two X-shaped bars. For bolted end-plate connection, the steel I-beam webs are connected by stiffened extended end-plates and eight long shank bolts passing through the core zone. In order to study the seismic behaviour and failure mechanisms of the connections, quasi-static tests were conducted on both types of full-scale connection subassemblies and core zone specimens. The load-drift hysteresis loops show a plateau for the connecting bar connection while they are excellent plump for bolted end-plate connection. The shear capacity formulas of both types of connections are presented and the values calculated by the formula agree well with the test results.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 추계학술발표대회 및 bio-venture fair
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• pp.73-76
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• 2000

A novel, continuous bioreactor system combining a bubble column (absorption section) and a two-phase bioreactor (degradation section) has been designed to treat a gas stream containing benzene. The bubble column contained hexadecane as an absorbent for benzene, and was systemically chosen considering physical, biological, environmental, operational and economic factors. This solvent has infinite solubility for benzene and very low volatility. After absorbing benzene in the bubble column, the hexadecane served as the organic phase of the two-phase partitioning bioreactor, transferring benzene into the aqueous phase where it was degraded by Alcaligenes xylosoxidans Y234. The hexadecane was then continuously recirculated back to the absorber section for the removal of additional benzene. All mass transfer and biodegradation characteristics in this system were investigated prior to operation of the integrated unit, and these included: the mass transfer rate of benzene in the absorption column, the mass transfer rate of benzene from the organic phase into the aqueous phase in the two-phase bioreactor, the stripping rate of benzene out of the two-phase bioreactor, etc. All of these parameters were incorporated into model equations, which were used to investigate the effects of operating conditions on the performance of the system. Several experiments were conducted to show the feasibility of this system. This process is believed to be very practical for the treatment of high concentrations of gaseous pollutants.

• 국제강구조저널
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1723-1740
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• 2018

This paper presents a Finite Element (FE) study on Lean Duplex Stainless Steel stub column with built-up sections subjected to pure axial compression with column web spacing varied at different position across the column flanges. The thicknesses of the steel sections were from 2 to 7 mm to encompass a range of section slenderness. The aim is to study and compare the strength and deformation capacities as well as the failure modes of the built-up stub columns. The FE results have been compared with the un-factored design strengths predicted through EN1993-1-4 (2006) + A1 (2015) and ASCE8-02 standards, Continuous Strength Method (CSM) and Direct Strength Method (DSM). The results showed that the design rules generally under predict the bearing capacities of the specimens. It's been observed that the CSM method offers improved mean resistance and reduced scatter for both classes of cross-sections (i.e. slender and stocky sections) compared to the EN1993-1-4 (2006) + A1 (2015) and ASCE 8-02 design rules which are known to be conservative for stocky cross-sections.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.709-714
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• 2006

본 연구는 폐기물로 발생되는 부산석회 Core를 연속식 칼럼에 적용하여 수중의 인산염을 효과적으로 제거할 수 있는 방안을 찾고자 수행되었다. 부산석회와 인산염의 칼럼 반응에서 Hydroxyapatite을 형성하여 수중의 인산염을 제거할 수 있는 것으로 나타났으며 부산석회 Core size 1, 2에서 유입수의 인산염 농도에 관계없이 초기 11시간동안 90% 이상의 높은 제거율을 보였다. 또한 부산석회 Core size와 관계없이 유입수 유량이 증가할수록 파과시간이 줄어드는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.385-403
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• 2011

Continuous deep girders which transmit the gravity load from the upper wall to the lower columns have frequently long end shear spans between the boundary of the upper wall and the face of the lower column. This paper presents the results of tests and analyses performed on three 1:2.5 scale specimens with long end shear spans, (the ratios of shear-span/total depth: 1.8 < a/h < 2.5): one designed by the conventional approach using the beam theory and two by the strut-and-tie approach. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the yielding strength of the continuous RC deep girders is controlled by the tensile yielding of the bottom longitudinal reinforcements, being much larger than the nominal strength predicted by using the section analysis of the girder section only or using the strut-and-tie model based on elastic-analysis stress distribution. (2) The ultimate strengths are 22% to 26% larger than the yielding strength. This additional strength derives from the strain hardening of yielded reinforcements and the shear resistance due to continuity with the adjacent span. (3) The pattern of shear force flow and failure mode in shear zone varies depending on the amount of vertical shear reinforcement. And (4) it is necessary to take into account the existence of the upper wall in the analysis and design of the deep continuous transfer girders that support the upper wall with a long end shear span.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.587-592
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• 2009

연속조작 기포탑에서 열전달 메카니즘을 검토하기 위하여 열전달 모델과 에너지 소멸속도를 고찰하였다. 기포탑에서 표면갱신이론(Surface renewal theory)에 기초한 비정상상태 열전달모델에 의한 에너지소멸 속도($E_D$)는 기포탑에서 기체와 액체상의 거동에 의한 수력학적인 에너지소멸 속도($P_v$)와 비교하여 매우 작게 나타났다. 이와같은 결과로 표면갱신 이론에 의한 비정상상태 열전달모델에서 사용된 에너지 소멸속도와 기포탑 전체에 대한 수력학적 에너지 수지에 의해 산출된 수력학적 에너지 소멸속도는 산출 메카니즘이 서로 다른 별개의 에너지 소멸속도로 규명되었다. 이들 두 종류의 에너지 소멸속도를 각각 본 연구의 실험 변수인 기체와 액체 유속의 상관식으로 나타내어 완전히 다른 값을 나타냄을 확인하였다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 1995

고정화 과당전이효소와 고정화 포도당 이성화 효소를 동시에 이용한 혼합효소계를 사용하여 새로운 조성의 프락토올리고당을 연속생산하였다. 혼합효소 반응에서 각 효소의 반응최적 온도 빛 pH 영역은 서로 상이하여, 고정화 과당전이효소의 경우 $65^{\circ}C$, pH 5.5에서 최고활성을 나타낸데 비해, 고정화 포도당 이성화 효소의 경우 실험범위내(온도 $80^{\circ}C$, pH 8 8)에서 온도와 pH가 높을수록 유리하였다. 고정화 효소의 열안정성은 과당전이효소 및 포도당 이성화 효소 모두 $50^{\circ}C$이후의 온도에서 불안정하였다. 고 정화 혼합효소의 비율이 프락토올리고당의 전환율에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과, 과당전이효소와 포도당 이성화 효소의 비가 5:3 정도가 적당하였다. 최척 반응조건에서 생산된 프락토올리고당의 전환율은 66 %였고, 포도당으로부터 이성화되어 생성된 과당이 전체 반응물의 감미도를 6% 증가시켰다. 최적 반응 조건에서 고정화 혼합효소 반응기를 연속운전한 결 과. 40일 통안 초기 효소활성을 그대로 유지하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.453-464
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• 2017

The square tubed-reinforced concrete (TRC) column is a kind of special concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns, in which the outer thin-walled steel tube does not pass through the beam-column joint, so that the longitudinal steel reinforcing bars in the RC beam are continuous through the connection zone. However, there is a possible decrease of the axial bearing capacity at the TRC column to RC beam connection due to the discontinuity of the column tube, which is a concern to engineers. 24 connections and 7 square TRC columns were tested under axial compression. The primary parameters considered in the tests are: (1) connection location (corner, exterior and interior); (2) dimensions of RC beam cross section; (3) RC beam type (with or without horizontal haunches); (4) tube type (with or without stiffening ribs). The test results show that all specimens have relatively high load-carrying capacity and satisfactory ductility. With a proper design, the connections exhibit higher axial resistance and better ductility performance than the TRC column. The feasibility of this type of connections is verified.