• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.53-78
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to understand the context of happiness that low-income households have experienced. To achieve this purpose, this study used qualitative panel data collected from in-depth interviews and analysed the data through an inductive approach. Specifically, a researcher analysed the context of individual cases, and visualized the contexts comprised of phenomenon and participants' experiences. The researcher, also, comprised the integrated context by continuous individual and complicated analysis. As results, the researcher found that the level of happiness that low-income households have experienced was more directly related with subjective experiences than objective status. In addition, the participants' subjective experiences were comprised of very complicated components of experience, and the level of happiness could differ depending on how individuals perceived positive experiences and negative ones. Based on these findings, researcher proposed the guidelines for social welfare policy and practice to improve the level of low-income households' happiness.

• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.341-357
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• 2020

The present study examined whether the relation between different types of trust and happiness varied by place of residence (i.e., major cities vs. provinces) among Korean older adults. We used a total of 1,599 Korean adults aged 60 or older who had lived in the same residence at least for 5 years before. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to test an interaction between types of trust and place of residence. Results show that generalized trust and social trust have positive association with happiness. A significant interaction effect between generalized trust, particularized trust, and place of residence were found. In particular, particularized trust was found to have positive effects on happiness within residences who had lived in provinces and generalized trust was found to have positive effects on happiness within residences who had lived in major cities. Findings suggest that different types of trust on happiness, especially interpersonal trust should be interpreted in an environmental context. Future practical implications for increasing older adult's trust are discussed in a cultural context as a way to promote happiness and research directions are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.81-94
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• 2009

Present research is conducted for understanding the happiness of Korean people. In psychology, the happiness has been studied as subjective state which an individual perceives such as wellbeing(SWB) and satisfaction of life(SOL). However, the perceptions of people would be effected by their own culture, so the happiness has to be considered as a cultural concept. "Haengbok(幸福)", the Korean traditional concept of happiness has to be considered in various viewpoints. Many conditions will be needed to experience the feeling in Korea. However, in many cases, the "Haengbok" is formal expression. The practical term to express the feeling of happiness might be "Shinmyeong". Shinmyeong is one of the Korean unique positive feeling. The term Shinmyeong has been used widely in the context of celebrating happy life in Korean culture. According to former studies, Shinmyeong has influence not only on people's self esteem and self resiliency but on their SWB and SOL. The features and meanings of Shinmyeong is introduced and discussed to extend the discussion about happiness and culture.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 2021

Do happy applicants achieve more? Although it is well established that happiness predicts desirable work-related outcomes, previous findings were primarily obtained in social settings. In this study, we extended the scope of the "happiness premium" effect to the artificial intelligence (AI) context. Specifically, we examined whether an applicant's happiness signal captured using an AI system effectively predicts his/her objective performance. Data from 3,609 job applicants showed that verbally expressed happiness (frequency of positive words) during an AI interview predicts cognitive task scores, and this tendency was more pronounced among women than men. However, facially expressed happiness (frequency of smiling) recorded using AI could not predict the performance. Thus, when AI is involved in a hiring process, verbal rather than the facial cues of happiness provide a more valid marker for applicants' hiring chances.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.525-537
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• 2013

This study investigated the relations among a child's emotionality, mother's depression and parenting behaviors in predicting a child's happiness. Participants were 384 children(175 boys, 209 girls) and their mothers. The teachers completed the rating scale to measure a child's happiness. A child's emotionality, mother's depression and parenting behaviors were assessed by a mother-reported questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlations, and hierarchical multiple regressions. Results showed that child's emotionality was negatively related to their happiness. Mother's depression had a negative relation to child's happiness. Mother's warmth-encouragement, overprotection-permission, and reject-nonintervention was significantly related to a child's happiness. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that the interaction of child's emotionality and mother's reject-nonintervention predicted child's happiness. Child's emotionality, whose mother demonstrated a higher level of reject-nonintervention, was associated significantly with happiness. In addition, the association between mother's depression and child's happiness was mediated by mother's warmth-encouragement and reject-nonintervention. Results suggest the importance of mother's role in the context of intervention planning for child's happiness.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.165-182
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• 2016

Happiness research has primarily been conducted based on the American model of happiness. The agentic concept of happiness in the West emphasizes the positive feeling state stemming from individual achievement and positive interpersonal relationships. However, previous studies on lay theories of happiness in other East Asian countries, such as China and Japan, have suggested that these meanings of happiness differ from those of the Western cultural context. The present study examined the lay theory of happiness among Koreans using qualitative and quantitative approaches. Furthermore, the authors compared the Korean model of happiness with that of the Japanese and Americans from Uchida and Kitayama (2009). The findings from the present research indicate that the Korean model of happiness involves both positive and negative states and consequences of happiness, unlike the uniformly positively connoted happiness in Western cultural contexts. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the current findings on happiness research in the Korean culture.

• Journal of the Health Care and Life Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.11-25
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• 2021

This study is to analyze the relationship between self-esteem and happiness of parents and children in the 4th-grade elementary school and the 1st-grade of middle school using Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey(KCYPS) 2018 data by the National Youth Policy Institute. The context of analysis is to determine how parents' self-esteem and happiness affect parenting attitudes, and furthermore, how they affect their children's academic activities, self-esteem and happiness. This study is able to explore the level at which self-esteem and happiness, the mental health measure of children and adolescents, were linked to parental self-esteem and happiness. And it suggests that the importance of the role of a parent as a family background has been confirmed in promoting the healthy development of children and adolescents.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2011

Formant structure of speech associated with five different emotions (anger, fear, happiness, neutral, sadness) was analysed. Acoustic separability of vowels (or emotions) associated with a specific emotion (or vowel) was estimated using F-ratio. According to the results, neutral showed the highest separability of vowels followed by anger, happiness, fear, and sadness in descending order. Vowel /A/ showed the highest separability of emotions followed by /U/, /O/, /I/ and /E/ in descending order. The acoustic results were interpreted and explained in the context of previous articulatory and perceptual studies. Suggestions for the performance improvement of an automatic emotion recognition system and automatic speech recognition system were made.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.290-300
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• 2000

One of the most important topics in attentional and emotional modulation of cardiac responses is time course of cardiac chronotropic response. The reason lies in dual innervation of heart, which leads to occurrence of several phases of cardiac response during exposure to affective stimuli, determined by the balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic influences. Cardiac chronotropic reactivity thus represents quite effective measure capable to trace the moment when attending and orienting processes (i.e., sensory intake of stimulus) prime relevant behavioral response (ile., emotion with approach or avoidance tendencies). The aim of this study was to find the time course of heart rate (HR) responses typical for negative (disgust, surprise, fear, anger) and positive (happiness, pleasant erotic) affective pictures and to identify cardiac response dissociation for emotions with different action tendencies such as "approach" (surprise, anger, happiness) and "avoidance" (fear, sadness, disgust). Forty college students participated in this study where cardiac responses to slides from IAPS intended to evoke basic emotions (surprise, fear, anger, sadness, disgust, happiness, pleasant-erotic). Inter-beat intervals of HR were analyzed on every 10 sec basis during 60 sec long exposure to affective visual stimuli. Obtained results demonstrated that differentiation was observed at the very first 10s of exposure (anger-fear, surprise-sad, surprise-erotic, surprise-happiness paris), reaching the peak of dissociation at 30s (same pairs plus surprise-disgust and surprise-fear) and was still effective for some pairs (surprise-erotic, surprise-sad) even at 50s and 60s. discussed are potential cardiac autonomic mechanisms underlying attention and emotion processes evoked by affective stimulation and theoretical considerations implicated to understand the role of differential cardiac reactivity in the behavioral context (e.g., approach-avoidance tendencies, orienting-defense responses).

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.83-94
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• 1993

This study examines changing norms concerning divorce in societal context of the historical perspective. The analysis indicates that the changes in divorce norms were particularly striking during industrialization and urbanization. In traditional society, there are various divorce norms according to each era. In Sam Kuk era, there is not the norms of divorce, but there is norms of divorce by Yea Kdeu ideology in Gorea era. During the Zo Sun era, the strict restrict seven possible norms and three overriding ones for divorce rates significantly rose in after the industrialization in response to the continuation of such social changes as greater participation of women in labor force, increased alternative to traditional marriage, the declining stigma attached to divorce, and the rising standard for individual happiness in marriage and so on. Divorce rates are also affected by other factors, such as political and economic conditions, geographic differences, and various demographic characteristics.