• 한국관광식음료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국관광식음료학회 2003년도 학술논문발표집
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• pp.51-58
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• 2003

The autoclave method and the traditional cooking method are compared for nutrients, mineral, color difference, viscosity, reducing sugar and amino nitrogen content of brown stock. For protein and amino nitrogen contents, the autoclave cooking method is better than the traditional cooking method. Also, reducing sugar content is increased by the autoclave cooking method. Since the color of brown sauce is related with reducing sugar content, the autoclave cooking method is more effective than the traditional cooking method for the color of brown sauce. Since the autoclave method can reduce the cooking time without the loss of quality in brown stock, the traditional method can be substituted by this new method.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.595-600
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 고추장의 저장 중 이화학적 및 관능적 변화를 통해 효과적인 항갈색화제, 유기산을 선별하며 유통기간 연장에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 45$^{\circ}C$와 55$^{\circ}C$에서 항갈색화제 0.5% ascorbic acid일 때 control과 유의적 차이가 있었기에 ascorbic acid를 갈변 억제제로 선정했다 또한, 45$^{\circ}C$와 55$^{\circ}C$에서 0.03% ascorbic acid일 때 control과 유의적 차이가 있어, 갈변 억제제로 선정했다. 45$^{\circ}C$와 55$^{\circ}C$에서 유기산 0.5% citric acid 일 때 control과 유의적 차이가 있었기에 citric acid를 갈변 억제제로 선정했다. 또한, 45$^{\circ}C$와 55$^{\circ}C$에서 0.03% ascorbic acid에 0.06% citric acid일 때 control과 유의적 차이가 있어, 효과적인 갈변억제 농도로 선정했다. 0.03% ascorbic acid와 0.06% citric acid를 첨가한 고추장 유통기간을 알아보기 위하여 고추장의 아미노태 질소, pH, 적정산도 및 표면색도 등을 실험한 결과에서 아미노태 질소가 관능적 변화와 상관관계(r=-0.8987)가 높았기에, 고추장의 유통기간 설정 하는 품질특성으로 삼았다. 저 장기간에 따른 아미노태 질소값의 변화율은 1차 반응식으로 해석되었으며, 0.03% ascorbic acid와 0.06% citric acid 첨가물이 유통기간 예측에서 고추장 대조구 보다 45$^{\circ}C$일 때 69%, 55$^{\circ}C$일 때 56% 연장 할 수 있었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 1977

한국답토양(韓國畓土壤)의 토양질소유효화(土壤窒素有効化) 과정(過程), 산가수분해성유기태질소(酸加水分解性有機態窒素)의 각분별(各分別) Amino acid 조성등(組成等)을 일본토양(日本土壤)과 비교(比較)하여 약우(若于)의 특징(特徵)을 밝혀냈다. 비교(比較)한 일본(日本)의 토양(土壤)은 한국(韓國)과 위도(緯度)에서 거의 같은 위치(位置)이지만 동기(冬期)의 기상조건(氣象條件)이 다르고 또한 점토광물조성(粘土鑛物組成)에도 차이(差異)가 있는 북륙지역(北陸地域)의 토양(土壤)을 사용(使用)했다. 양국토양(兩國土壤)의 전질소함량(全窒素含量)은 거의 같을 것을 공시(供試)했다. 1) 양국(兩國)의 토양(土壤)은 전질소함량(全窒素含量)이 거의 같은 경우(境遇)에 있어서도 무기화율(無機化率)과 무기화양식(無機化樣式) 상이(相異)하며 한국토양(韓國土壤)은 무기화량(無機化量)이 적지만 배양후기(培養後期)에 생성(生成)되는 $NH_4-N$ 양(量)이 비교적(比較的) 많다. 2) 산가수분해성유기태질소(酸加水分解性有機態窒素)의 분별결과(分別結果) 한국토양(韓國土壤)은 전질소(全窒素)에 대(對)하여 가수분해성질소(加水分解性窒素)의 비율(比率)이 적고 특(特)히 ${\alpha}$-amino-N 및 가수분해성(加水分解性) $NH_4-N$가 적다. 그러나 한국답토양(韓國畓土壤)은 Hexosmine의 함유비율(含有比率)이 많고 10% 이상(以上)에 달(達)하는 치(値)를 보이는 경우(境遇)도 있었다. 또한 incubation에 의(依)한 토양질소무기화량(土壤窒素無機化量)과 유기태질소(有機態窒素)의 각(各) 분별(分別)과의 관계(關係)에서는 가수분해성(加水分解性) $NH_4-N$ 및 ${\alpha}$-amino-N의 함량간(含量間)에 유의(有意)한 정상관(正相關)이 있었다. 3) 산가수분해성(酸加水分解性) Amino acid 조성(組成)에서는 답토양(畓土壤)과 밭토양(土壤)(부식질화산회(腐植質火山灰))간(間)에 큰차(差)가 있으며 답토양(畓土壤)은 Basic Amino acid 비율(比率)이 많고 Acidic amino acid가 적다. 또한 한국(韓國)의 답토양(畓土壤)은 Alanine의 함유비율(含有比率)이 일본(日本) 토양(土壤) 보다 적었다. 그 밖에 전질소함량(全窒素含量)의 증가(增加)와 더부러 Proline의 함유비율(含有比率)은 증가(增加)하고 Aspartic acid는 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)이였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.620-633
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• 1998

Methods developed for measuring digestibility and availability of amino acids in feedstuffs used in pig nutrition are reviewed. Digestibility is a proportion of an amino acid in a feed that is absorbed from the digestive tract and should be determined from the difference between the amount of amino acid consumed and passing the distal ileum. Techniques for ileal digesta sampling including various types of cannulas: a re-entrant, T-piece, IPV, IPVC and ileaorectal anastomosis are described and comparisons amongst these methods are presented. Other methodologies like mobile bag technique, in vitro assays and mathematical prediction method are also described. Significance and methodologies for measurement of endogenous nitrogen and amino acids losses at the distal ileum and their effect on the apparent and true nitrogen and amino acid digestibilities in feeds are discussed. Factors influencing the apparent and true amino acid digestibilities such as dry matter intake, protein, fibre and antinutritive compounds content in the diet are discussed. Amino acid bioavailability -the proportion of the total amino acid digested and absorbed in a form utilized in metabolism - measured by the growth assay may differ from its ileal digestibility. Chemical methods for determination of available lysine content in heat treated feeds are evaluated.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.184-191
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• 1995

This study was designed to investigate the changes In chemical characteristics of traditional kochujang increase in fermentation time, whereas that of total sugar decreased rather rapidly during aging of meju. Amino nitrogen content of meju Increased sharply up to 40 days of fermentation and then decreased there after On the other hand, ammoniacle nitrogen content continued to increase with increasing aging time. Initially, maltose was the most abundant free sugar, but was later replaced by glucose or fructose as the fermentation proceeded. Among non-volatile organic acids, pyroglutamic acid was present at an appreciably other organic acids did not change considerably during fermentation. The total free amino acid content Increased up to 40th day of aging and then decreased thereafter The was the most abundant amino acid followed in decreasing order by Try and Glu in meju fermented for 40 days.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.368-372
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• 2003

The growth and amino acid contents of the cyanobacterium, Spirulina platensis strain NIES 46, were investigated using ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, or urea as the sole nitrogen source in a batch culture. Chlorophyll a concentration was highest at 2,096$\mu\textrm{g}$/L in the nitrate group after 10days of cultivation, while the dry weight of S. platensis was highest at 4.5g/L in the ammonium group after 30days of cultivation. The total amino acid content was highest at 174mg/g dry weight of S. platensis in the urea group at the end of the cultivation period, yet the amino acid patterns for S. platensis were similar for all the experimental groups. Therefore, it seemed that the growth and amino acid composition of S. platensis varied depending on the type of nitrogen sources, while the amino acid patterns were not changed. Also, the most efficient harvesting time for S. platensis seemed to be approximately 10 days after cultivation.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 1972

The contents of free amino acids in deembryod brown rice of two varieties were investigated by amino acid autoanalizer in relation to specific gravity grade. The analytical methods of free amino acid were also discussed. 1) The lower the specific gravity of the unhulled rice the higher the content of total free amino acids in the deembryod brown rice, and the similar trend appears to hold on each amino acids. 2) Main free amino acids were serine+asparagine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine and valine, and maximum values of them were 7.3, 5.1, 4.0, 3.4, 0.9mg/100g rice, respectively. They consist about 85% of total free amino acids in most cases. 3) The contents of soluble nitrogen and free amino acids appear to be lower in high protein variety (IR 667) than in low protein variety (Jinhung). The percentage of free amino acid nitrogen to soluble nitrogen, however, appears to be higher in high protein variety (IR 667). 4) Alanine was much lower than aspartic acid in IR 667 having Indica blood while alanine appears to be higher than aspartic acid in Jinhung (Japonica rice) suggesting varietal difference in amino acid metabolism. 5) Threonine peak was overlaped with glutamine, and serine was with asparagine in this study.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.317-331
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• 1990

Nitrogen compounds of Panax ginseng and their biological activities in plant and animal were reviewed. Major nitrogen combounds found in P. ginseng are free amino acids, Water soluble teins, insoluble proteins and peptides. Minor nitrogen compounds are dencichine. glycol)roteins. amines, alkaloides, methoxy or alkyl pyrazine derivatives. free nucleosides and nllrleir arid bases. 4-me- thymi-5-thiazoleethanol and pyroglutamic acid. The contents of total nitrogen and protein in root increased until 13 years old rvhich was the highest age tinder investigation. Soluble protein content increased With the root weight and was higher in xylem pith than cortex-epidermis indicating the rlosc relation with root growth. Arginine which covered 58% of total free amino aroids may serve as a storage nitrogen. Arginine seems to be changed into proline in rhizome, threonine in stem and again threoning and arginine in leaf. The greater the root weight the higher the polyaminc content. Polyamine stimulated the growth of root callus. Physiological roles of other minor nitrogen compounds are unknown although dencichine content is relatively high (0.5% d.w.). biochemical and pharmatological activities of some nitrogen compounds for animal were more investigated than physiological roll iota plant itself. Radiation and U.V. protective function (heat stable protein), insulin-like activity in lipogenesis and lipolysis (adenosine and pyroglutamic acid), depression of blood sugar content (glycopeptide). hemostatir and nellrotoxic activity (denrichine) and. sedative and hypnotic activity (4-methyl-5-thiazoleethilnol) are reported. Heat stable protein increased with root age. The traditional quality critsria appear to be well in accordance with biological activities of nitrogen compounds. Chemical stlldies of nitrogen compounds seem relatively rare, probably dole to difficulty of isolation, subsequently the investigations of biological activities are little.

• 생약학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.6-14
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• 1996

To differentiate the quality of Korean ginseng from those of other habitats, the quantitative analysis of free amino acids(FAA) and total amino acids(TAA) in addition to ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1 was carried out using amino acid analyzer and HPLC, respectively. FAA pattern in Korean ginseng was much different from that of Panax notoginseng. The difference in total content of FAA was also found that Korean ginseng contained 26.3-39.8mg/g while Panax notoginseng contained 6.5mg/g. This FAA content had a tendency to increase with the age of radix. The contents of FAA and TAA in Korean ginseng(6 years old) from Kumsan were shown to be the highest than other ginseng origins tested. The content in the 6 years Panax ginseng from China was about same with that of 4 years Korean ginseng of Kumsan. However, regarding to gisenoside Rbl and Rg1, which have been accepted as the characteristic components of Panax ginseng-Panax notoginseng showed considerably higher content than those of any other ginseng origin.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.389-392
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• 1994

순창의 찹쌀고추장, 보은의 보리 고추장, 사천의 밀 고추장을 현지에서 제조하고 180일간 발효숙성시키면서 질소성분을 측정한 결과 현저히 증가한 유리 아미노산은 고추장별로 약간의 차이는 있으나 대체로 methionine, glutamic acid, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine 등으로 나타났다. 그러나 양적으로 많은 유리 아미노산은 고추장의 종류에 관계없이 serine, aspartic acid glutamic acid, proline 등으로 나타나서 glutamic acid는 속성에 따른 증가율 및 함량면에서 가장 구수한 맛이 영향력이 있는 유리 아미노산으로 평가되었다. 한편 유리아미노산 총량과 아미노태 질소 함량 간의 상관계수 r값의 범위는 0.87