• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

본 연구는 순환골재에서 발생하는 오염물질의 특성과 오염 가능성을 평가하기 위해 생산제품 순환골재(RA-1)와 현장 순환골재(RA-2)의 용출시험을 실시하였다. 순환골재의 pH, Conductivity, 중금속 함량은 RA-2 보다 RA-1이 높게 나타났다. 용출시험결과, 순환골재로부터 용출되는 오염물질은 입경이 작을수록 높게 나타났다. 순환골재의 pH는 9.0~12.3으로 강알칼리성으로 나타났고, Conductivity는 10mm 이하에서 높게 나타났다. 중금속은 KSLT의 용출기준을 만족하였고, 순환골재로부터 약 10% 이하로 용출되었다. 순환골재의 수질 오염 가능성을 평가한 결과, 오염 가능성이 매우 높은 항목에는 pH, 오염 가능성이 낮은 항목에는 Conductivity, Turbidity, 오염 가능성이 매우 낮은 항목에는 중금속으로 나타났다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.536-539
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• 2003

This study area has been contaminated by oils. To identify contaminated ranges and to assess the possibility of contamination dispersion, monitoring wells were installed and slug test, field soil permeability test, automatic or manual measurement of groundwater table, and groundwater quality analyses in field and laboratory were performed. In addition, a groundwater modeling program was used to assess the possibility of oil contamination dispersion, based on field data and groundwater quality data. The results showed that concentration of oil contaminants in groundwater have been decreased by dispersion and adsorption.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2021

본 연구는 순환골재에서 발생하는 오염물질의 특성과 오염가능성을 평가하기 위해 생산제품 순환골재의 용출시험을 실시하였다. 순환골재에 포함된 pH, 전기전도도, 탁도, TN, TP, COD 그리고 중금속 농도는 입경이 작을수록 높은 농도를 나타냈다. pH 농도는 9.9~11.4 범위로 토양보다는 높았으나 중금속 농도는 토양오염우려기준의 1지역 기준치 이내로 조사되었다. 용출시험 결과, 오염가능성은 입자크기가 작을수록 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 전기전도도와 탁도는 잠재적인 수질오염원이며, 10mm 이하의 순환골재는 용존성과 입자성 오염물질을 발생시킬 수 있기 때문에 잠재적인 오염원으로 평가되었지만, 현재 적절한 관리기준은 없다. 순환골재로 부터 수질오염 가능성을 평가한 결과, 오염가능성이 가장 높은 항목으로는 pH, 오염가능성이 낮은 항목으로는 TN, TP, 오염가능성이 가장 낮은 항목으로는 중금속으로 나타났다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.443-446
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• 2002

In this paper, a phase difference of liveline insulator was measured and analyzed to estimate the contamination degree. The probability of accident rises according to the increase of the contamination. So the estimation of contamination degree is very important in design and maintenance of outdoor insulator. There are many methods to measure the contamination degree, but those methods use the spacial sense to measure the contamination degree. So, we have no information about the contamination from the liveline insulator, but there is a measurement of phase difference to estimate the contamination degree. The phase difference is varied with the increase of ESDD, so the contamination degree could be estimated by using those characteristics. The experiment is performed to analyze the interrelationship between contamination degree and phase difference. The variable condition is relative humidity that increases from 30 to 100 % in a chamber. We use the DAS program to measure and analyze the data. From the result, the variation of phase difference is different by the contamination degree, so we can confirm the possibility of estimating the contamination degree by the phase difference.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.153-156
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• 2000

To reduce the maintenance expense, and the possibility of electric outage and accident, we should optimize the outdoor insulation system. And for the optimization, accurate measurement for the degree of contamination with climatic conditions, such as wind, rain, and drought, should be carried. However the classical measuring method, brush wiping, has some problems in the aspect of man power, reliability, and expense. In this paper, we propose two type apparatus, which could detect the degree of contamination on insulators in outdoor insulation system, such as transmission and distribution line insulator and bushing. One use the leakage current, and the other use the oscillating frequency to check the degree of contamination. To avoid the oxidation of electrode AC source, and the low degree of contamination was applied. From the result of this investigation we could get the good relationship between the degree of contamination and the leakage current and oscillating frequency

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.132-144
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to suggest countermeasures to reduce the damage of manufacturers in halal industries and to increase the transparency of the halal market along with raising some problems of halal supply chain management (HSCM). Design/methodology/approach - To achieve to the aim of this research, halal supply chain is categorized as a green zone or a red zone according to the possibility of cross-contamination, and the study introduces 2 examples in Malaysia and Indonesia regarding cross-contamination. Findings - More than 70% of the companies producing halal-certified products are, ironically, non-Muslim suppliers under the halal certificate system and by using halal supply chain. Most Muslim countries do not exercise control over the completed halal supply chain. In most Muslim countries which do not exercise control over halal supply chain properly, there is always a possibility of cross-contamination of products during the processes of distribution. Research limitations/implications - This research has been conducted by accessing cases in halal supply chain. These cases are found in some Muslim countries, not all Muslim countries. Nevertheless, the authors found the possibility of these cross-contaminations in all Muslim countries, and it will damage the halal market. Originality/value - While existing studies have focused on protecting Muslim consumers by ensuring the integrity of halal products in halal supply chain, there is no research on how to protect halal product manufacturers as another important axis of halal SCM.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.5-15
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• 1973

An investigation was carried out on a basis of the bacteriological examination with a view to detecting the degree of bacterial contamination for the 77 samples collected from the locally-sold liquid specialties. It's test period was 50 days from July 10 to August 30, 1971. Specially, the survey has put emphasis on the population of general bacteria and the identification of coli-form group, staphylococcus species, streptococcus species, bacillus species, fungi, and yeast species from liquid samples. The results obtained are summarized as follows; (1) For the 77 samples tested, the contamination of general bacteria was found out as minimun 0, i,e., maximum, $12{\times}10^4$ and the total average $45{\times}10^2$ per milliliter. (2) Although streptococcus species could not be detected with the samples, the contamination of the coli-form and staphylococcus species means the strong suggestion of the possibility of pathogenic bacterial contamination. (3) Specially, the products which stay in the neutral pH range and use suspending agents need to care for the microbial contamination in the manufacturing crocess. (4) It is thought necessary to perform the microbiological quality control in the liquid preparations only at least. (5) As the microbial contamination degree in the liquid decreases according to the elapse of time, the microbiological quality control will have to be carried out immediately after the completion of the manufacturing process in order to know the accurate degree. (6) The author thinks that the main reason of the microbial contamination in the liquid is the contamination during the manufacturing process. (7) For the purpose of prevention of the microbial contamination in liquid, therefore, it is more important to make efforts for the rationalization of manufacturing process, the improvement of equipment and environment, the specific training of workers for hygienic knowledges, etc. rather than the use of preservatives for the preparations.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2011

This research proposed the space planing methode and diagrams of restaurant kitchens to improve hygiene by analyzing the related contents collected from books and researches in interior design and HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point). HACCP is an effective and scientific hygiene system for food safety in order to prevent cross-contamination from food hazards. Based on the analyses, improvement of food production environments like restaurant kitchens is necessary for food hygiene. The space planing methode of restaurant kitchens to improve hygiene are followings: The circulation planing is that the direction of movement of the food, workers, waste, and dishes should be fractionated and managed for cross-contamination prevention. The space separation planing is that the spaces in the kitchen should be classified and divided into contaminated area and non-contaminated and clean area depending on the degree of cleanliness. The zoning is space arrangement with feed-back process to check the possible points of cross-contamination and correct space arrangement until the possibility of cross-contamination disappear in kitchen. However, if cross-contamination is unavoidable in some points in restaurant kitchens, hygiene facilities such as washing rooms, pass rooms, and double doors with air-shower should be located in order to remove contamination.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2009

Korea is representative of a country that consumes herbal medicines; most of the herbal medicines circulating in South Korea have been imported from developing countries in Southeast Asia, such as China and Indonesia. Recently, domestic hygiene and safety are issues that have come to the forefront, because herbal medicines currently in circulation could possibly contain contaminants or residues. Furthermore, the appearance or discovery of harmful new species due to environmental and industrial developments is becoming a social problem. Therefore, it may be necessary to consider and investigate these matters on a continual basis. Recently, mycotoxin contaminations in such foods as cereals, nuts, and powdered red pepper have been reported. They have become a problematic issue; the possibility of contamination in herbal medicines has also been considered. Nevertheless, recognition of and research into mycotoxin contamination in herbal medicines has been scarce because herbal medicine is used in only a few nations. In this research, we identified contamination by aflatoxin which is known to be the most potent mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic mycotoxin in Thujae Semen, a herbal medicine. We also found co-contaminations involving other mycotoxins, including ochratoxin A and zeraleanone.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.359-367
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• 2005

This study was carried out to understand the contamination patterns of Listeria in pork processing plants. A total of 402 samples were collected from carcass, pork during processing, surfaces of equipment and environment, and 238 isolates of Listeria species were identified. L. innocua was found in 64.7% of the isolates, L. monocytogenes in 33.2%, and L. welshimeri in 2.1%. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis performed to investigate the origin and routes of Listeria contamination, showed 21 composite types of L. monocytogenes and 26 composite types of L. innocua. It was confirmed that Listeria contamination begins with contaminated incoming carcass and ever-present contaminants in the processing environments. The persistence and dissemination of the same strain of L. monocytogenes and L. innocua throughout the processing line revealed that the sanitation standard operating procedure should be implemented to minimize the risk of colonization in the workplace. Molecular subtyping of L. innocua allowed us to tracing the possibility of cross-contamination during processing.