• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2024

Purpose: In general, cross-infection caused by bacteria occurs more in hospitals than in local communities. In most cases, infectious diseases spread through contact transmission (direct contact, indirect contact). This study tries to examine which places are most likely to detect infections bacteria and what materials should be used to effectively suppress the spread of infectious bacteria. Methods: Domestic and international literature have been reviewed to determine which bacteria are common and spread in which places. At the same time, antibacterial experiments for several finishing materials are performed to determine the survival period of bacteria for each material. The experiment is conducted mainly on antibiotic-resistant bacteria (MRSA, CRE, etc.) that have a high mortality rate and are very contagious. Results: MRSA has a high incidence in many hospital departments with surgery or immunocompromised patients, such as the elderly, organ transplant patients, and hemodialysis patients. There are experimental results that MRSA dies early in ceramics or silk wallpaper. CRE has a high incidence in hospital departments where there are many patients who are prone to bacteria entering the body directly, such as ventilator patients or critically ill patients with surgical wounds. There are experimental results that CRE dies early in silk wallpaper. In addition, bacteria die on the surface for a variety of reasons. Most MRSA and CRE develop in patients with impaired immunity or surgery, and rapidly die in copper or materials with antibacterial properties. Implications: If finishing materials surface with the ability to kill specific bacteria is used in the place where a large number of specific bacteria are detected, the spread of infectious diseases can be effectively controlled.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2014

While use of mass rearing systems improved poultry production, chances of exposing to contagious diseases have been increased, making flocks more vulnerable to diseases. Diseases of interest which affects egg production adversely include Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI), Infectious bronchitis (IB), Avian meta-pneumoviral infection (aMPV) and Egg drop syndrome'76 (EDS'76). This report collected and analyzed 5,385 serum samples, which were collected from 1,330 different chicken flock, provided by Chungbuk National University, Avian Disease Laboratory at 2009. Serums were analyzed based on rearing stages; 0~1.3weeks (wks) (maternal antibody period), >1.3~3 wks (starting period), >3~10 wks (growing period), >10~22 wks (developing period), >22~40 wks (peak laying period), >40~60 wks (late laying period) and over 60 wks (post-molting period). Results showed the 99.7% of the tested flocks were immunized against ND and73.8%, 97.1%, 78,2% and 78% of the flocks were immunized against other 4 agents (LPAI, IB, EDS'76, aMPV). Maternal antibody was transferred to enough quantity for NDV. Generally, antibody titers which were developed at 22 weeks were stabilized permanently for life. In case of IB and aMPV, infection titer emerged as early as 10 weeks and the titer was increased from 99.4% to 100% for life. EDS76 showed increase in titers, reflecting decreased frequency of vaccination programs. Overall, this study displayed general trends of major viral disease in layers, but considering the trend of development of preventive measures and evolution of pathogens, conducting serological surveys on a regular basis is important.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.87-92
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• 1986

The present surveys were conducted in attempts to investigate the health situation of horses in Korea through mass-screening the samples serologically, bacteriologically and clinically. A total of 575 horses were sampled randomly, comprising 126 from the Korean Horse Affairs Association, 288 from the Korean Equestrian Federation and 161 from the Jeju ponies. Each of the samples taken was tested for diagnoses of 18 horse diseases including African horse sickness. Summarised below are the results obtained from this surveys. 1. From results of the serological survey it is evident that Korea is currently free from African horse sickness, dourine, glanders, vesicular stomatits, equine piroplasmosis, equine viral arteritis, Venezuelan encephalomyelitis and contagious equine metritis. Constant vigilence with strengthened quarantine measures is thus vital for maintaining freedom of any those diseases in Korea. 2. No clinical case was observed with any of signs or symptoms of infectious lymphangitis, anthrax and infestations with ringworm, mange or scab. However, continuous follow-up is required for establishing the evidence of no occurrence of the diseases in Korea. 3. One case of seropositive to equine infectious anemia may fully justify systematic and regular testings for the whole population of horse in Korea. 4. It is manifested that equine rhinopneumonitis, Japanese encephalitis and Getah virus infection are well established in Korea, together with the presence of equine infectious abortion(Salmonella abortus equi). This strongly entails preventive precautions before entry into Korea for the horses participating in the 1986 Asian Games and the 1988 Seoul Olympics.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.37-52
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• 2016

Objectives : The paper seeks to delve into a study of smallpox, specifically as one of the most representative contagious diseases during the Chosun era and how it was treated during that time. The lack of traditional medical texts that deal with smallpox has led this paper to dive into Duchanggyeongheombang. Methods : Everything related to edition and copy, and the author was organized based on pre-existing studies. The copy that is assumed as the original copy was considered and studied. The book was compared to and reviewed with Donguibogam, and the differences between the book and Korean translation were given attention as well. Results : Park Jin-hee is assumed to have authored Duchanggyeongheombang, and it is like that was had access to texts published by the state, one of which includes Donguibogam. He utilized the periods with smallpox outbreaks as his frame of study and put together a series of treatment for different symptoms. To this, he attached various medical charts, and added Korean translation for higher usability. In his book, he placed emphasis on spleen and stomach, but when needed, he did not shy away from using cold and coolness herbs. Conclusions : Duchanggyeongheombang was influenced partially by Donguibogam, but the book was given new life through the author Park Jin-hee's edition. Medical charts were added to increase its usability, and Korean translation was provided for wider audience. Its scope of prescription is very wide, and it provided the reasonings behind its medical judgements based on actual clinical studies instead of being tied down to traditions or taboos.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.177-184
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• 1997

Canine parvovirus(CPV) is a very highly contagious virus causing hemorrhagic enteritis and myocarditis mainly in young dogs. The diseases were first recognized in 1978, and then spread throughout the world by 1980. The main source of the infection seems to be the feces of infected dogs, at the same time feces are suitable materials for detection of virus in the enteric form exactly for the same reasons. Recently, a new technique of in vitro DNA amplification, Known as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), has been widely applied to clinical viral diagnosis because of its sensitivity, specificity and rapidity. In this research, we attemped to set up the PCR for the detection of CPV in fecal samples and conformed the canine parvpviral enteritis by PCR. To increase the sensitivity and specificity of a PCR, the nested PCR (two-step PCR) was performed. We also surveyed the contamination status of CPV in the research using fecal specimen was highly sensitive and specific. Of the 100 fecal specimens suspected canine parvoviral enteritis, 45 fecal specimens were positive in HA test, 64 fecal specimens were positive in the first PCR, and 87 fecal specimens were positive in the second PCR. CPV contamination status of animal clinics and breeding centers was serious, wo hygienic management of environment in which dogs are reared is required. The nested PCR described here seems to be a rapid, sensitive and specific for the detection of canine parvovirus.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2010

Objectives: The main objectives of the article are to review roles and prospective of the Health Education Specialist on the globalized World, and develop the new positions and jobs of the Health Education Specialists on health promotion. Results and Conclusion: There are many rapid changes, these days, in the Medical and Health Environments, because of Globalization. Modern society needs health professionals who are equipped with new knowledge and information to correspondence with various Health Problems, such as the appearing and disappearing of new contagious diseases, problems of improper health barriers for foreign products, health problems from poverty and also health inequalities are known to be rising. Globalization has induced new needs for Health Professional manpower. After the Ottawa Charter, international society is training and utilizing Health Education Specialists as the propulsive core member of the Health Promotion Era. And also society now expects and requests the activities of Health Education Professionals as a group effort, not only in their own countries, but also across the barriers of international society. Health Professionals are working in WHO, UNICEF KOICA or other international organizations. Especially England and USA are utilizing Health Education Professionals in Health Planning and Education Work to keep up with Health Promotion Era. Now, we need to establish ideal and proper strategies in Health Promotion Work, as a one of the pioneer countries to lead Internationalization. To accomplish this task, Health Education Specialists should be well utilized in the field of Health Promotion Work, such as communities, schools, industrial sites and international health organizations.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.285-292
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• 2022

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) cause contagious diseases and have the potential to infect not only birds but also mammals. Wild birds are the natural reservoir of AIVs and spread them worldwide while migrating. Here we collected active AIV surveillance data from wild bird habitats during the 2019 to 2022 winter seasons (from September to March of the following year) in South Korea. We isolated 97 AIVs from a total of 7,590 fecal samples and found the yearly prevalence of AIVs was 0.83, 1.48, and 1.27, respectively. The prevalence of AIVs were generally higher from September to November. These findings demonstrate that a high number of wild birds that carry AIVs migrate into South Korea during the autumn season. The highest virus numbers were isolated from the species Anas platyrhynchos (72%; n=70), followed by Anas poecilorhyncha (15.4%; n=15), suggesting that each is an important host for these pathogens. Twenty-five hemagglutinin-neuraminidase subtypes were isolated, and all AIVs except the H5N8 subtype were found to be low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs). Active surveillance of AIVs in wild birds could benefit public health because it could help to estimate their risk for introduction into animals and humans. Moreover, considering that 132 cases of human AIV infections have been reported worldwide within the last 5 years, active surveillance of AIVs is necessary to avoid outbreaks.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.441-448
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• 2023

Brucellosis is a contagious zoonotic disease that infects millions of people annually with hundreds of millions more being exposed. It is caused by Brucella, a highly infectious bacterial species capable of infecting humans with an estimated dose of 10-100 organisms. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has been reported to contribute to prevention of viral diseases as well as a chronic infection caused by Mycobacterium bovis. Here, we investigated the role of SIRT1 in the establishment of Brucella abortus infection in both in vitro and in vivo systems using the reported SIRT1 activators resveratrol (RES), piceatannol (PIC), and ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3). In RAW264.7 cells, SIRT1 activators did not alter the adherence of Brucella or Salmonella Typhimurium. However, reduced uptake of Brucella was observed in cells treated with PIC and Rg3, and survival of Brucella within the cells was only observed to decrease in cells that were treated with Rg3, while PIC treatment reduced the intracellular survival of Salmonella. SIRT1 treatment in mice via oral route resulted in augmented Brucella resistance for PIC and Rg3, but not RES. PIC treatment favors Th2 immune response despite reduced serum pro-inflammatory cytokine production, while Rg3-treated mice displayed high IL-12 and IFN-γ serum production. Overall, our findings encourage further investigation into the complete mechanisms of action of the different SIRT1 activators used as well as their potential benefit as an effective alternative approach against intracellular and extracellular pathogens.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.37.1-37.7
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• 2023

Canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) is a significant pathogen that causes respiratory diseases in dogs, collectively known as a canine infectious respiratory disease. The virus is highly contagious and exhibits high seroprevalence worldwide. Currently, bovine coronavirus (BCoV) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits are used to detect CRCoV antibodies. However, BCoV-ELISA kits cannot differentiate between infections caused by BCoV and those caused by CRCoV. In this study, we evaluated the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test for CRCoV by comparing it with the virus neutralization (VN) test. Subsequently, we evaluated the seroprevalence of CRCoV in 383 dog serum samples collected from South Korea utilizing the HI test. The HI test for CRCoV showed a strong correlation with the VN test (R = 0.83, p < 0.001). The analysis of seroprevalence revealed that 52.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 47.2%-57.1%) of the Korean dog serum samples were positive. The seroprevalence exhibited varied with age, with a positivity rate of 43.9% in dogs under 1 year of age and 66.7% in dogs aged 3 to 5 years (odds ratio, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.43-4.59). In conclusion, the HI test to monitor CRCoV antibody proved to be closely related to the VN test. Furthermore, over half of the dogs in Korea tested positive for CRCoV antibodies. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the sero-epidemiology of CRCoV.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

이 연구는 치과 진료실에서 치과위생사의 감염예방 실태를 파악하여 치과위생사가 감염예방을 실천하는데 기초 자료로 제공하고자 한다. 연구 대상은 2005년 10월과 11월에 인천경기도회와 서울시회 보수교육에 참여한 치과위생사로 하였으며, 감염 예방에 관한 설문조사를 자기기입방식으로 시행하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 감염예방 교육경험은 "있다"로 응답한 자가 72명(42.9%)이었고, "없다"고 응답한 자가 96명(57.1%)이었고 감염예방 교육경로를 보면 "근무병원 자체 교육을 통해서"가 42명(58%)으로 가장 많았다. 2. 손상 경험은 "있다"로 응답한 자가 147명(87.5%)이었고 "없다"로 응답한 자가 21명(12.5%)이었으며, 손상 경험이 있는 대상자 147명의 전체 연 평균 손상 횟수는 7.7회였다. 손상을 입힌 기구 명으로는 "explorer"가 125(75%)명으로 가장 많았다. 3. 감염성 질환에 감염된 경험은 "있다"로 응답한 자가 6명(3.6%)이었는데 질환으로는 "B형 간염"이 4명으로 가장 많았고, "풍진" 1명, "결핵" 1명이었다. 4. 실천 점수가 높은 문항은 "2. 나는 진료 후에 손을 씻는다(1.86점)", "7. 나는 국소 마취 후 마취주사바늘 뚜껑을 덮는다(1.86점)", "20. 나는 폐기물을 분리수거하여 적출물처리업자에게 위탁 한다(1.85점)"이었으며, 실천 점수가 낮은 문항은 "16. 나는 진료복을 하루에 한번 갈아입는다(0.24점)"와 "감염성 환자 진료 후에는 진료복을 매번 세탁 한다(0.52점)"이었다. 5. 지식도가 가장 높은 문항은 "1. 치과 진료를 하는 동안에 전염은 감염원, 전염방법, 전염경로, 감염되기 쉬운 숙주에 의해 좌우 된다(0.95점)" 이었으며 지식도가 가장 낮은 문항은 "5. HBV(B형간염)는 95oC에서 5분 이상 가열해야 파괴 된다(0.27점)"이였다. 6. 조직관련 요인 점수가 가장 높은 문항은 "나는 필요한 경우 마스크, 장갑 등의 보호 장구가 항상 이용 가능하다(0.89점)"이었으며 가장 점수가 낮은 문항은 으로 "내가 일하는 곳에는 감염과 관련된 위험한 상황에 노출되었을 때 참고할 수 있는 지침서가 있다(0.33점)" 이었다. 7. 진료환경에서 세면대와 진료실의 거리는 "1미터 미만"이 116명(69.0%), 소독실과 진료실의 거리는 "2미터 미만"이 77명(45.8%)으로 가장 많았으며 보호 장구 구비 현황은 마스크(일회용) 168명(100%), 일회용 장갑(라텍스) 167명(99.4%)으로 대부분 구비되어 있었다. 반면 안면 보호대는 응답자수가 108(64.3%)명으로 가장 적었다. 소독, 멸균기에서는 autoclave가 있다고 응답한 자가 165명(98.2%)이었다.