• 아동학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.109-122
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• 2006

The program for overcoming shyness consisted of four step-by-step parts, understanding shyness, overcoming anxiety, improving self-esteem, and promoting self-assertion. Participants were 6 boys and 10 girls from three kindergarten classes. The two gender groups were randomly assigned to either the experimental or the control group. The experimental group participated in the program for 50 minutes per day twice a week for 12 sessions, and the control group received no treatment. Eight non-shy children also joined the program in the ninth and tenth sessions. Findings indicated that shyness in the experimental group decreased significantly while the control group maintained previous levels of shyness, implying that early intervention programs have potential effectiveness for reducing shyness in young children.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.255-263
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• 2023

갑각류 중금속 기준은 납과 카드뮴의 경우 각각 0.5 mg/kg과 1.0 mg/kg 이하이다. 비소, 수은, 메틸수은 및 주석은 현재 노출 수준을 고려하여 지속적인 오염도를 조사하고 있다. 이를 기반으로 정부에서는 노출 점유율, 검출률, 오염도가 높은 다소비 식품 목록을 공유하여 수입·유통검사에 활용하고 있다. 새우류는 연안의 유기물질이 많이 포함된 모래나 진흙질, 해조가 많은 곳, 하구 등에 서식하기 때문에 잠재적으로 중금속에 노출될 가능성이 큰 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 새우류 중 특정 중금속의 기준치를 초과하는 품목 그리고 기준치가 없는 경우 검출치 최상위 품목을 판매에서 제외하는 경우 소비자 불안 감소 및 안심도 제고의 화폐적 가치를 측정하였다. 가상가치평가법을 이용하여 소비자 지불의사를 도출하였는데, 질문방식은 개방형직접질문과 지불카드방식을 이용하였다. 도출된 지불의사를 국내 가구 수에 접목하여 총효용을 추정한 결과, 363.9억 원으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 수산물 중금속에 대한 특정 정책이 소비자의 불안감 감소와 심리적인 안심감을 어느 정도 제고시켜주는지에 대한 실증분석 결과를 제공한다. 이는 식품 안전성이 높아지고 중금속으로 인한 질병에 걸릴 확률이 감소하는 것에 대해서 소비자가 느끼는 가치를 제시해준다.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1161-1165
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 인터넷 쇼핑에서 소비자들이 구매결정으로 지연하고 불안해하는 원인을 제품군별로 기존의 지각된 위험과 더불어 새로운 쇼핑방식 이용에 따른 위험 그리고 소비자 특성 등과 관련지어서 알아보았다. 연구결과, 인터넷 쇼핑 시 소비자가 지각하는 위험은 제품군에 따라서 다르게 나타났다. 인터넷 쇼핑몰에서의 쇼핑경험이 없는 소비자들이 경험이 있는 소비자들보다 위험을 더 높게 지각함으로써 더 불안해했다. 쇼핑빈도에 관해서는 제품군에 관계없이 쇼핑빈도가 증가함에 따라서 지각된 위험이 감소하였다. 인터넷쇼핑을 경험한 집단과 무경험 집단을 판별해주는 소비자 특성변수로는 제품군에 관계없이 충동구매경향성과 의견선도로 나타났다. 소비자 특성과 불안 요소인 지각된 위험간의 관련성은 제품군에 따라서 다르게 나타났다. 본 연구는 제품군별로 인터넷쇼핑 경험집단과 무경험 집단 간의 지각된 위험에서의 차이와 두 집단을 판별해주는 소비자 특성변수를 실증적으로 살펴봄으로서 인터넷쇼핑의 이용가능성을 더욱 높일 수 있는 기초 자료를 제공했다는 점에서 의의를 갖는다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.233-250
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine women's experiences of abortion using the phenomenological research method. It considers their individual psychological and emotional changes, and how their marital relationship is affected. The participants of the study were 20 women aged 30-50 who had an abortion. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted for the data collection. A major finding of the study is that women who have had an abortion tend to experience severance of their emotional relationships. Specifically, they confessed their cognitive error about controllability, expressed their anxiety about recognized reality, and suffered from the unexpected results of having an abortion.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.89-103
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• 2020

개인이 통제력을 갖고자 하는 것은 기본적인 욕구이다. 따라서 통제력을 상실하는 무력감을 느낄 때, 사람들은 이러한 상태를 벗어나고자 보상행동을 보이게 된다. 현재까지 무력감을 보상하고자 하는 보상행동으로는 제품이나 브랜드를 통한 보상소비행동이 주로 연구되어 왔으나, 본 연구는 소셜 미디어 속 보상행동에 초점을 맞추었다. 최근 자아 표현을 자유롭게 표현할 수 있는 소셜 미디어가 자아 확장의 플랫폼이 되면서 심리적 무력감을 소셜 미디어의 자아 표현을 통해 해소할 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다. 따라서 무력감을 느낀 사람들이 소셜 미디어에서 어떠한 보상행동을 보이는지 본 연구를 통해 확인하고자 하였다. 분석결과, 소비자의 무력감이 소셜 미디어상에서의 나르시즘적 자아표현에 직접적 영향을 미치고 있지는 않지만, 불안감에 의해 완전 매개되는 것으로 도출되었다. 심리적 무력감을 느낀 경험을 회상하도록 한 실험 집단에서는 불안감을 많이 느낄수록, 자신의 소셜 미디어에 사회적 권력이나 권위를 보여줄 수 있는 대상(브랜드 혹은 상황)이 보여지는 사진을 게시함으로써 나르시즘적 자아 표현을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 소비자가 사회적으로 무력감을 경험하게 될 때, 이로 인해 불안감이 형성되면, 소셜 미디어상에서 자신을 좀 더 나은 이미지, 주목받는 이미지로 보이기 위한 나르시즘적 자아표현과 같은 보상소비가 일어나는 결과를 확인하였다. 소셜미디어내에서 나타나는 나르시즘적 자아표현이 다른 사람의 행복에 미치는 부정적 영향에 대한 연구는 현재 많이 진행되고 있다. 하지만 소셜미디어를 통해 자아를 표출함으로써 부정적 감정상태를 해소할 수 있다는 본 연구의 결과는 지식경영 측면에서 볼 때, 소셜 미디어 사용자의 전반적인 삶의 질 향상에 기여할 수 있는 전략의 기반을 제공할 수 있다는 점에서 의의를 지닌다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1999년도 추계 학술대회지
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• pp.25-79
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• 1999

To evaluate the historical changes and future counterplan of food culture in Korea . the following were surveyed : the scale of foodseivice industry. the consumer attitude on functional health food. the fancy and using frequency of fastfood in the growing generation, the actual state on use of imported food. consumer opinions in selecting factor of functional and organic foods. the actual state and consumer attitude on the imported foods, long-term prospect of food service industry in futures. the production of food rubbishes and their reusing rates. the production scales and toxicity problems of agricultural medicines including the postharvest agricultural medicine. the consumer anxiety such as potential environmental and human health risks associated with GMOs (genetically modified organisms) and the import state of GMOs, long-term prospect of population increase in world, and aged population of over 65 years and their social index in Korea, self-supporting rate and national security of food in Korea. the prospect for demand and supply of grains in Korea and world. decrease of the farming population and the decrease problem of agricultural productivity. the problem on the introduction of direct payment system for a farmhouse, and other social problem etc. In cases of 1996, self-supporting rate of food in Korea was the lowest as $26.4{\%}$ in the world but those countries such as USA, UK France, Canada and Denmark were $134.0{\%}\;122.0{\%}$. $190.0{\%}$. $179.0{\%}\;and\;134.0{\%}$, respectively. in 1997 Therefore. our food security appeared as a very serious problem in a viewpoint of the national security That's why this very important Symposium will be held by agriculture-related three Societies to see the last year of 1999 out and the new millennium in.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine: (1) the relationships among socially prescribed perfectionism, pessimism, and emotional problems represented by levels of depression and anxiety in children; and (2) whether or not pessimism mediates the relationship between children's socially prescribed perfectionism and emotional problems. 441 fifth and sixth graders residing in the national capital region participated in the study. Their data were collected with self-reported questionnaires in school class settings. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's product correlation coefficients were obtained using SPSS (version 18.0), and tests of the mediation were performed using SEM with AMOS (version 20). Significant correlations between children's socially prescribed perfectionism, pessimism, and emotional problems exist. Also, pessimism appears to partially mediate the relationship between children's socially prescribed perfectionism and emotional problems. These results seem to indicate that mitigating pessimism could reduce the possibility of experiencing emotional problems, such as depression and anxiety, in children who have strong beliefs to live up to the high standards, set unrealistically by others.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제43권11호
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• pp.197-210
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to examine: (1) the extent to which school-age children used computer games; (2) whether there were differences between children who played computer games to a greater extent and children who played computer games to a normal extent in their levels of depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and social anxiety; and (3) whether children's social withdrawal, aggression, and mothers' psychological control explained the extent of children's computer game playing. The subject were 270 children in the 6th grade. It was found that $55.6\%$ of the children were normal users, $39.3\%$ of the children were somewhat heavy users, and $5.2\%$ of the children were heavy users of computer games. There was a gender difference in the proportions of heavy computer game playing. That is, there were more heavy users among boys than among girls. It was also found that social withdrawal, aggression, and mothers' psychological control were significant predictors of the extent of children's computer game playing. That is, the levels of children's social withdrawal, aggression, and their perceptions of mothers' psychological control predicted the degree to which children played computer games.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.313-324
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• 2022

This study aims to quantitatively understand the influence of changes in functional cosmetics purchasing sentiment on purchasing behavior and purchase satisfaction after the COVID-19 pandemic and present empirical analysis results regarding the rapidly changing cosmetics consumption market. This study empirically analyzed the structural relationship between non-face-to-face service purchase behavior, functional cosmetics purchase behavior, and functional cosmetics purchase satisfaction to predict purchase behavior of functional cosmetics by psychological characteristics after COVID-19. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 (Statistical Package for Social Science) program and Amos 21.0, and correlation analysis was performed to understand the relationship between consumers' purchasing behaviors of functional cosmetics according to their perception of risk of COVID-19 carried out.Summarizing the results of this study, it was found that the higher the anxiety after the corona outbreak, the higher the non-face-to-face service purchase behavior and the functional cosmetics purchase behavior. It was found that purchase satisfaction increased when purchasing behavior of functional cosmetics increased, but purchase satisfaction decreased as anxiety increased after the outbreak of Corona.In this study, a sample of 1452 people were used as research data, and the theoretical implications for the development of functional cosmetics were presented by confirming the effect of changes in non-face-to-face service purchase behavior according to psychological characteristics after Corona 19 on consumer satisfaction.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.127-148
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• 2015

This study compared types of time and money attitudes by respondents' characteristics, and compared leisure consumption behavior and leisure satisfaction among different groups, which are classified by attitudes toward time and money. It also verified a structural model for the relationship of leisure satisfaction and the attitudes toward time and money, and investigated the moderating effects of leisure consumption behavior. Data were obtained from a questionnaire completed by 512 adult consumers. Using factor analyses and cluster analyses, this study classified the types of time and money attitudes. The time attitude was categorized according to four clusters: time-insensibility, future- oriented, present-oriented, and past-oriented. The money attitude was divided into four clusters: future safety, stinginess/anxiety, diversion, and power/prestige. The major findings of this study were as follows: First, the propensity of leisure consumption behavior to seek fashion and conspicuousness was higher for time-insensibility group than for the others. However, the propensity of rational consumption behavior for leisure was higher for the future-oriented group. The level of leisure satisfaction was the highest for the time-insensibility group. Second, the propensity of leisure consumption behavior to seek fashion and conspicuousness was higher for those who considered money as tools for diversion and power/prestige. The propensity of rational consumption behavior for leisure was higher for the future safety and stinginess/anxiety groups. The level of leisure satisfaction was significantly higher for the diversion group. Third, from the results of structural analyses, the time-insensibility attitude showed a positive effect on the leisure consumption behavior to seek fashion and conspicuousness. The future-oriented attitude had a positive effect on the propensity of rational consumption behavior for leisure. The money attitudes of diversion and power/prestige had positive impacts on the leisure consumption behavior to seek fashion and conspicuousness, although they had negative effects on the propensity of rational consumption behavior for leisure. The leisure consumption behavior to seek fashion and conspicuousness had a positive effect on leisure satisfaction, although the rational consumption behavior for leisure had a negative effect.