• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.395-401
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• 2010

This research was carried out as a survey on the contents of Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) in 5 type agricultural products unestablished safety guideline in Korea. The average levels of Pb: onion 0.010 mg/kg, cucumber 0.018 mg/kg, garlic 0.012 mg/kg, green pepper 0.027 mg/kg, sesame 0.029 mg/kg. The average levels of Cd: onion 0.006 mg/kg, cucumber 0.002 mg/kg, garlic 0.008 mg/kg, green pepper 0.011 mg/kg, sesame 0.024 mg/kg. The present result of this study showed that Pb and Cd contents in the whole samples were less than the maximum residual levels of the codex standard. The levels of exposure assessment for Pb and Cd by intake from vegetables and sesame were merely at $1.3{\times}10^{-4}$(mean) ~ $5.1{\times}10^{-4}$($95^{th}$ percentiles) ${\mu}$g/kg bw/day for Pb, $7.5{\times}10^{-5}$(mean) ~ $3.6{\times}10^{-4}$($95^{th}$ percentiles) ${\mu$}g/kg bw/day for Cd. The data from this research will be valuable source for database construction for science-based safety control and management for the trace metal contamination in food including agricultural products.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.08a
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• pp.137-155
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• 1999

Recently, Televiewer(Borehole Acoustic Scanner(Televiewer)) has come to be widely used specially for the general engineering construction design. The Televiewer tool using a focussed acoustic beam is to detect the amplitude and traveltime of each reflected acoustic signal at the wall, resulting in the amplitude- and traveltime image respectively. Fractures can be well detected, because they easily scatter the acoustic energy due to the highly narrow beam. In addition, the drilling work will rough the borehole wall so that the acoustic energy can be scattered simply due to the roughness of the wall. Thus, the amplitude level can be directed associated with the elastic properties(impedance) and the hardness of the rock as well. Meanwhile, the traveltime image provides an information about the borehole shape and can be converted to a high precision 3D caliper log(max. 288 arms). In this paper, based on the high resolution of Televiewer images, general evaluation methods are illustrated to derive very reliable rock parameters.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.216-224
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• 1998

This study was performed to offer the basic and applicable data for improvement of Korean cattle and dairy cattle, according to finding the genetic construction obtained from analysis of genetic polymorphisms of ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin and ${\kappa}$-casein loci related Korean cattle and Holstein cows using PCR-RFLP. Genomic DNA used in this study was prepared from the blood of 253 individuals of Korean cattle in Korean Native Cattle Improvement Center, NLCF, and the blood of 113 individuals of Holstein cows in National Livestock Research Institute. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. This study confirmed amplified products of 530bp and 262bp fragments obtained from the amplification of ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin and ${\kappa}$-casein loci in Korean cattle and Holstein breed by PCR. 2. The ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin AA genotype showed 153bp and 109bp fragments, and ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin AB genotype showed 153bp, 109bp, 79bp and 74bp fragments, and BB genotype showed 109bp, 79bp and 74bp fragments in amplified products of ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin loci with the restricted enzyme digestion of Hae III. 3. The ${\kappa}$-casein AA genotype showed a 530bp fragment, and ${\kappa}$-casein AB genotype showed 530bp, 344bp and 186bp fragments, and BB genotype showed 344bp and 186bp fragments in amplified products of ${\kappa}$-casein loci with the restricted enzyme digestion of Taq I. 4. On ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin genotypes and gene frequencies, Korean cattle were 6.72%, 26.09% and 67.19% for AA, AB and BB genotypes, and ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin A and B alleles were 0.197 and 0.803, and Holstein were 35.40%, 56.64% and 7.96% for AA, AB and BB genotypes, and ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin A and B alleles were 0.637 and 0.363, respectively. 5. On ${\kappa}$-casein genotypes and gene frequencies, Korean cattle were 46.25%, 39.13% and 14.62% for AA, AB and BB genotypes, and ${\kappa}$-casein A and B alleles were 0.658 and 0.342, and Holstein were 60.18% and 38.94% and 0.88% for AA, AB and BB genotypes, and ${\kappa}$-casein A and B alleles were 0.796 and 0.204, respectively. 6. As a consequence, the gene frequency was 0.197 and 0.803 for ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin A and B alleles, and 0.658 and 0.342 for ${\kappa}$-casein A and B alleles in Korea cattle, but was 0.637 and 0.363 for ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin A and B alleles, and 0.796 and 0.204 for ${\kappa}$-casein A and B alleles in Holstein, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.43-52
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• 2002

This study was performed to provide the basic data for preservation and improvement of genetic resources according to finding genetic construction obtained from analysis of genetic characteristics of $\beta$-casein gene in Korean Native goat and Saanen using the PCR-RFLP. This study confirmed the amplified products of 481bp fragments obtained from the amplification of $\beta$-casein loci by PCR. The $\beta$-casein AB genotype showed 481, 284 and 197bp, and $\beta$-casein BB genotype showed 284 and 197bp fragments in Korean Native goat and Saanen. The frequencies of $\beta$-casein genotype in Korean Native goat were 6.25 and 93.75% for AA and AB and the frequencies of $\beta$-casein genotype in Saanen were 57.14 and 42.86% for AA and AB types. The frequencies of $\beta$-casein A and B alleles were 0.031 and 0.969 in Korean Native goat and the frequencies of $\beta$-casein A and B alleles are 0.286 and 0.714 in Saanen, respectively. The nucleotide sequence of $\beta$-casein gene of Korean Native goat was 97.71% higher homology with 11 nucleotide sequences difference of that of goat reported in GeneBank (M90556). Therefore, this study of molecular genetic characteristics by the analysis of genetic polymorphism and sequencing for $\beta$-casein gene should be used as basic and applying data for preservation and improvement of genetic resources in Korean Native goat breeding.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.235-245
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• 2011

Temperature-related parameters of Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acarina: Tetranychidae) development were estimated and a stage-structured matrix model was developed. The lower threshold temperatures were estimated as $8.4^{\circ}C$ for eggs, $9.9^{\circ}C$ for larvae, $9.2^{\circ}C$ for protonymphs, and $10.9^{\circ}C$ for deutonymphs. Thermal constants were 113.6, 29.1, 29.8, and 33.4 degree days for eggs, larvae, protonymphs, and deutonymphs, respectively. Non-linear development models were established for each stage of P. citri. In addition, temperature-dependent total fecundity, age-specific oviposition rate, and age-specific survival rate models were developed for the construction of an oviposition model. P. citri age was categorized into five stages to construct a matrix model: eggs, larvae, protonymphs, deutonymphs and adults. For the elements in the projection matrix, transition probabilities from an age class to the next age class or the probabilities of remaining in an age class were obtained from development rate function of each stage (age classes). Also, the fecundity coefficients of adult population were expressed as the products of adult longevity completion rate (1/longevity) by temperature-dependent total fecundity. To evaluate the predictability of the matrix model, model outputs were compared with actual field data in a cool early season and hot mid to late season in 2004. The model outputs closely matched the actual field patterns within 30 d after the model was run in both the early and mid to late seasons. Therefore, the developed matrix model can be used to estimate the population density of P. citri for a period of 30 d in citrus orchards.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.110-139
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• 2020

Reclamation is the act of creating new lands by constructing dikes in offshore tidal flats to utilize them for various purposes, including the establishment of farmland to secure food for an increasing population. Based on the fact that reclamation has resulted in drastic changes in the environmental, economic, social, and cultural aspects of land expansion and development, population movement, and the formation of cities since ancient times, I reviewed the value of reclamation sites and addressed the issue of how to preserve and utilize them. "Reclamation culture" refers collectively to the recognition and concept system, behavior styles, and cultural products created by changes in the environment, and the tangible, intangible, and natural heritage generated directly and indirectly by reclamation is defined as "reclamation cultural heritage". It shows that the historical background of reclamation accords with prevailing trends, and that the reclamation sites possess cultural heritage value due to their historical, academic, and scarce characteristics. Numerous reclamation cultural heritage sites at the Gwangwhal and Gyehwa dikes are on the verge of being destroyed, with their original function having ended after the construction of Saemangeum Sea Wall. I propose measures to preserve these under the principle that utilization is based on the basic premise of conservation. First of all, modern and contemporary reclamation sites must necessarily be designated and managed as registered cultural properties, local cultural heritage, future heritage, and agricultural heritage. In particular, as it has been confirmed that reclamation sites created after the Goryeo and Joseon dynasties and the 1950s have not been designated as cultural heritage sites. It is necessary to review the characteristics and values of such reclamation sites through a full survey of national reclamation data. Effective and sustainable utilization of reclamation cultural heritage, which has not been acknowledged in the past due to its close relationship with our lives, is necessary to search for hidden stories found within that heritage, to organize governance for the efficient use of reclamation resources, and to build a museum to collect and display the history and culture of the reclaimed areas. Finally, through links with countries with experience in reclamation, we will be able to cope jointly with international issues such as those pertaining to society, culture, and environment, and would be able to implement various projects to further the advancement of human beings.