• 한국전통조경학회지
• /
• 제40권4호
• /
• pp.32-48
• /
• 2022

본 연구는 창덕궁 후원의 관람지(觀纜池)를 대상으로 그동안 곡해된 정보로 수용되었거나 충분히 주목받지 못했던 조영 양상과 역사적 실체를 재조명하였다. 주요 논제는 원지(苑池)의 조영 시기와 재정비, 가설(架設) 목교의 변화, 접안시설의 실재(實在), 평면형태의 변형 여부 등으로 이루어졌으며, 연구의 결과는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 관람지는 고종 연간 발발한 갑신정변 이전에 이미 완결된 상태로 조영되었다. 이후 주변 시설을 비롯한 관람지 일원은 한동안 황폐한 상태로 방치되다가 1900년대 초반에 대대적으로 정비되었다. 기존 논의에서 제시된 '관람지 조영 공사의 중단과 재개' 과정은 뚜렷한 근거를 찾기 어렵다. 둘째, 관람지에는 형태와 구조가 다른 세 가지 종류의 목교가 순차적으로 가설되었다. 특히 관람지 정비 이후 가설된 두 번째 목교는 동궐도형 에 묘사된 '주교(舟橋)'로 판단되며, 난간에는 대한제국 황실을 상징하는 장식도 가미되어 있었다. 일제강점기에 본격적으로 등장한 세 번째 목교는 일본풍으로 제작된 교량이었다. 셋째, 관람지의 동쪽 호안에는 승선(乘船)과 하선(下船)을 위한 접안시설이 실존하였다. 접안시설은 「동궐도형」에도 묘사되어 있으며, 일제강점기까지도 잔존하고 있었다. 하지만 해방 이후 관람지 정비공사가 여러 차례 시행되면서 접안시설은 점차 훼손되었고, 현재는 흔적조차 남아 있지 않다. 넷째, 관람지는 애초부터 현재와 유사한 한반도 모양의 평면형태로 조영되었다. 호리병 모양으로 조영된 관람지가 일제강점기에 한반도 모양으로 개축되었다는 통설은 재고가 필요하다. '반도지'라는 용어가 처음 등장한 시기에도 일제가 의도적으로 관람지를 변형시켰다는 인식은 존재하지 않았다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.2456-2463
• /
• 2011

Conventional railways are less competitive than other land transportation means in term of speed, and thus users preference and transportation share for rail system are relatively lower than others. For example, most of the conventional lines except the Seoul~Busan corridor run at an average speed of 70 km/h or less, which imposes certain constraints on roles and functions as the trunk lines. In this regard, the speed of the conventional lines should be improved up to 200 km/h to gain competitiveness, promote balanced regional development and lead the era of low carbon green growth. As track system is one of the most important elements for the speed-up, it is critical to come up with optimum technical solutions. Improvement of ballast track structure with efficient track installation can provide structural stability for higher speed and ensure operational safety with lower maintenance efforts. Thus, this study focuses on consequences followed by the speed-up including increase of load imposed on the track and impacts on track components, and provide solutions for track maintenance by analyzing impact on the track structure by speed. Also, it compares ballast and concrete tracks under designing and construction and considers how to meet needs for passengers comfort and environmental requirements as a strategic approach.

• 한국전자거래학회지
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.81-99
• /
• 2001

The world is now meeting the era of e-commerce by development of information technology and the fast increase of use of internet. So, Korean government prepared "the colligation plan for electronic commerce activating" and WTO decides to prolong no custom on e-commerce till November 2001 when the fourth WTO Ministerial Conference holds a meeting. OECD discussed the construction of intellectual property rights of the global dimension at the Global Forum on January 2001 and reached to research the social influence of B-to-B e-commerce and to pursue the acceleration of e-commerce. UNCITRAL(United Nations Commission on International Trade Law) enacted UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce in order to activate e-commerce, and Bolero.net serves electronic Bill of Lading to facilitate cyber trading. The purpose of this paper is to present the direction of confrontation to the these internal and external changes of business environment to Korean enterprises. Off-line enterprises should move fast to e-commerce on the condition that the existing trading at the original markets runs parallel with e-commerce. n needed, off-line enterprises should consider M&A with existing on-line firms. Also, off-line firms make use of Bolero system so that they can carry through paperless trade which means the achievement of efficiency in trading, On-line enterprises should advertise in the form of banner by combination of push and pull styles. B-to-B e-commerce firms should not depend on only the commissions, but they should create characteristic earnings by their peculiar services.

• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.45-59
• /
• 2017

The purpose of the present study is to figure out what the issues faced by architecture were at the time immediately before the transition to modern era centering of the works of Otto Wagner who acted in Vienna, Austria at the Fin de $si{\grave{e}}cle$. Therefore, the following points were examined in the present study; first, how were new spaces necessary to accommodate modern lives organized and how were the plans changed; second, how did the external expressions of architecture pursued by Otto Wagner appeared between arts and technologies, between historicism and modernity, and between decorations and functions. Through the study, it could be seen that Wagner began from historicism and traditionalism and tried to compromise them with modernity. Many modern characteristics appeared a priori in Wagner's works from the construction of 'Linke Wien Zeile housing block' in 1898, his works completely broke from the typical historicism styles to open the period of inventive 'Secession styles.' At that time, Wagner concentrated on so called 'flat decorations.' Thereafter, his residential architecture completed to modern styles with 'Neustiftgasse housing block' as the peak. The characteristics of modern housing as above became a cornerstone of the modern functionalism later.

• Strategy21
• /
• 통권34호
• /
• pp.26-57
• /
• 2014

Revolution of Shale gas literally brings about great changes in many spheres. In the past most academic research had been focused on the influence and innovative change in term of economic perspective. But nowadays we should more concern about the security approach and perspective as its status of the future's core energy resources. Revolution of Shale gas has an great influence on the reshaping of global and regional alliance order. There are many international political implications as follows. Contribution of energy hegemony with leading U.S.; Acting as strategic leverage on the reshaping international order; Deepening competition among major states on the construction of energy security and so on. We'd better make a good solution and systematic policies which are preparing for the Shale gas's revolution period including on the understanding about the change on the global energy structure and making a national policy agenda of energy security issues and so on. The thesis like 'to get the energy resources is to get the hegemonic power in the world' will persist. The same holds good of Shale gas case. To meet the revolution of shale gas era, we have important tasks as like making an opportunity to develope not only regional but also international prosperity.

• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study is to scrutinize forefathers' standpoint on architectural planning by peering into their literature. Dongkukyisangkukjib which contains works about daily life of Lee Gyu-Bo, a great writer in the middle of Koryo, reveals well people of Koryo' thought on architecture, if we have a interest in a building space. The book holds his general viewpoint on architecture and documents about the remarkable houses he and his friends visited. Then we can know, through it, general thought on architecture of the upper classes in those days. Lee Gyu-Bo considered a house the other self of its owner and connected buildings with personality of their owner. 0 architectural process and architectural planning, buildings were shown variously by reflecting owner's value on architecture. Unlike Chosun era, people of Koryo prefer unlimited thinking to form or order. Therefore in construction especially such as a pavilion, there were many experimental tries which reflected owners' thought. Particularly we could estimate people of Koryo' conception of architectural design through a work of Lee Gyu-Bo, Saryunjungky, a document about a pavilion carrying four wheels, which describes concretely contents of architectural planning such as a planning of space, module, and intention.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제34호
• /
• pp.157-164
• /
• 2002

Online business these days prone to approach their costumers with improved module and various interface via Internet. This is more than just an act of providing enhancement, but a mean of finding out the customer's demand by enlarging their selection. This, however, is related to the bits per second of supplemental service network.For example, supplemental services that were not possible in the 56K modem era are now possible due to the information super highway network. To grope for new means of approaching, the best way will be by developing media that will collect customer's demands. Until now, customer's demands were evaluated by miniatures of apartment building, model houses or rendered images produced by 3D graphic softwares and pictures. Analyses were not available until evaluation were produced.Nowadays, utilizing the advanced Internet interface tools and various new media, customers are sought before the construction thus various studies to full fill the customer's demands are in process. This study is on development of a virtual module utilizing activated web environment. Analysis modules repeating the changes in customers are expected to deliver us a new trend.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.43-61
• /
• 1992

Recently, people in urban areas ask for the creation of space for amenity and improvement of environmental problems, in such a condition the activation and reformation of city have become an important subject. The basic element of a city structure is the street. Therefore in this study, a transition of street spaces of a city was investigated. This study will be a basis for the planning of urban space in order to realize a comfortable and fascination urban life. In this paper, the study areas chosen were "Ginza", "Kyobashicho", "Nihonbashicho", "Honcho", "Tsukizi", "Hatchoboricho", "Ningyocho", "Ningyocho" which are the central places and business areas of capital Tokyo of Japan. The main streets were chosen for investigative subjects because they were planned as making a division of block in a city planning. Using maps and references the data was illustrated and the investigation was focused on the period from the Edo era to present time. (1) A periodical division for the basis of a street transition. (2) Consideration of methods in a plan and design for street spaces in each period. (3) A special feature and process of a street transition in each period. (4) A structure of a street and a construction form. (5) A classified structure of streets. (6) A process of a transition for each street.

• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.47-61
• /
• 2011

This study examined the background and change of building Yeongam eupseong and characteristics and construction method of its spatial structure. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, Yeongam eupseong was built for the same purpose of national border defense against the invasion of Japanese army as other Eupseongs were built and it was found first in the literature in the era of King Munjong of Joseon Dynasty with the scale of three gates and 4,369 cheok of castle wall. Such a scale was continued and in particular, according to flat structure, road network and gate position shown in the map, the form and road system of Yeongam eupseong before the 19th century were mostly identical with the current ones. Second, castle wall was built over foundation by using talcum after leveling the foundation soil and castle wall can be divided into outer wall, filling part and inner wall from the section. Outer wall was constructed by inserting and layering pebbles with big irregular stone, filling part was made with talcum and riprap and inner wall with soil in several layers by keeping gradient. This building method showed common features in inserting and layering pebbles for outer wall, use of protruded base and section form compared to Jeollado Eupseong.

• 교육시설
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2009

This study examines the issue of space management of university facilities by an assessment model as part of efforts to deal with the crisis of universities. To this end, the study addressed efficiency issue and structural problems using assessment model factors, with the aim of figuring out legitimacy and allocating methods for this purpose. Selected model factors included utilization ratio, residual ratio, vacancy ratio, and occupancy ratio, while for the latter, we investigated into the present situations of space use, focusing on construction, design, and living dimensions. As a result, the study suggested that in the future universities will resort to extension and rebuilding or new building for their facilities. To ensure space efficiency without conflict, we should follow legitimacy of space allocation and composition, building quality university facilities, creating quality environment, preventing tuition from rising or Improving welfare to keep pace with the new era.