• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.303-310
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• 2005

Vegetation composition and structure of forest community around Mt. Kumbong, Uiseong-Gun, Korea, were studied using a qualitative and a quantitative approach. Vegetation types and various ecological characteristics including constancy classes, relative coverage, species diversity and interspecific similarity of the major component species were analyzed. Seventy relatives were sampled in $100 m^2$ plots. Forest communities were grouped into mountain vegetation and lower-valley vegetation. The former were divided into 3 communities (Quercus mongolica, Quercus variabilis and Quercus dentata communities). The latter was an Acer mono community. Vegetation units were classified into ten groups. Woody vegetation coverage was $50\~65\%$. The lower-valley vegetation type showed from $2.06\pm0.25\;to\;2.31\pm0.26$ in the species diversity. The species showing interspecific similarity over 0.5 with Quercus mongolica appeared to be Pinus densiflora, Quercus dentata and Tilia amurensis in the tree and subtree layer, and Lindera obtusiloba, Fraxinus sieboldiana, Carex humilis and Carex siderostica in the shrub and herb layer, The species showing higher interspecific similarity with Acer mono were Cornus controversa and Ulmus davidiana in the tree and subtree layer, and Philadelphus schrenchkii and Aristolochia manshuriensis in the shrub and herb layer.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.271-286
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• 2002

To understand the status of vegetational composition of Jungnangcheon, 21 plots in 7 sites were investigated in June 2001 and flora survey was done during the period from June to September 2001. The results obtained from this study were as follows: Vegetational compositions of 7 sites in Jungnangcheon area were different site by site and plot by plot. In lower(nearest) point, Phalaris arundinacea, Potentilla supina, Rorippa islandica, Chenopodium album, Beckmannia syzigachne and Chenopodium ficifolium showed higher constancy and frequency. Bromus japonicus, Humulus japonicus, Conyza canadensis, Elymus tsukusiensis var. transiens showed higher constancy and frequency in middle point and Bromus japonicus, Chenopodium ficifolium, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis showed in upper point. Bromus japonicus, Chenopodium ficifolium, Humulus japonicus, Conyza canadensis, Elymus tsukusiensis var. transiens, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis and Lepidium uirginicum appeared at more than 9 polts in 21 sample plots. Number of naturalized plants in Jungnangcheon area were 79 taxa. Total naturalized index(NI) and urbanized index(UI) were recorded as 29.2%, 27.9%. 253 taxa including 50 families 169 genera 224 species 1 subspecies 27 varieties 1 forma were recorded in Jungnangcheon area. Therophyte(Th) was the most common dormancy form recorded in survey area. Geophyte(G) and Hemicryptophyte(H) were calculated as 7.1%, 17.8% and it was the lower value compared to those of other dormancy form. Consequently, Th-R$_{5}$-D$_4$-e was recorded as the most common life form in Jungnangcheon.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.270-277
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• 2019

Commercial direct refrigerators have good energy efficiency, but are difficult to use for supercooled storage due to their large temperature deviation. Placing insulators and conductors inside the refrigerator could reduce these temperature deviations to within 0.3 degrees, allowing for the supercooled storage. The supercooled storage of salted Chinese cabbages during ten weeks was progressed to compare the other low temperature storages. The nucleation temperatures of salted Chinese cabbage were around -2.5℃ and the freezing points were around -0.4℃, so -2℃ was selected for the supercooled storage. The growth rate of lactic acid bacteria and yeast at -2℃ storage was lower than that at 2℃ storage. The reducing sugar was maintained higher due to the growth rate of lactic acid bacteria. The supercooled storage had an effect of delaying the fermentation of the salted Chinese cabbage, which may have the effect of delaying the fermentation of kimchi. This enhancement method of the direct refrigerator was effective for the supercooled storage and would be promising for commercial use.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.457-464
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• 2021

The advent of the big data era has enabled the rapid development of deep learning that learns rules by itself from data. In particular, the performance of CNN algorithms has reached the level of self-adjusting the source data itself. However, the existing image processing method only deals with the image data itself, and does not sufficiently consider the heterogeneous environment in which the image is generated. Images generated in a heterogeneous environment may have the same information, but their features may be expressed differently depending on the photographing environment. This means that not only the different environmental information of each image but also the same information are represented by different features, which may degrade the performance of the image analysis model. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a method to improve the performance of the image color constancy model based on Adversarial Learning that uses image data generated in a heterogeneous environment simultaneously. Specifically, the proposed methodology operates with the interaction of the 'Domain Discriminator' that predicts the environment in which the image was taken and the 'Illumination Estimator' that predicts the lighting value. As a result of conducting an experiment on 7,022 images taken in heterogeneous environments to evaluate the performance of the proposed methodology, the proposed methodology showed superior performance in terms of Angular Error compared to the existing methods.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 1984

The effects of ionic strength and pH on the binding of cefazolin to bovine serum albumin (BSA) were studied by UV difference spectrophotometry. As ionic strength at constant pH and temperature increases, the apparent bining constant decreased but the number of binding sites remained almost constant at 2. The constancy of the number of binding sites with increasing the ionic strength suggests that purely electrostatic forces between BSA and drug do not have great importance in the drug binding, even though there is a decrease in the apparent binding constant. Thus, the effect of ionic strength on the interaction between drug and BSA may be explained by the changes in ionic atmosphere of the aggregated BSA molecules and competitive inhibition by phosphate ions. In addition, the higher apparent binding constant at high ionic strength is explained by conformational changes of BSA from its aggregate forms into subunits. The pH effects on the afinity of interactions indicated that the binding affinity of cefazoline is higher in the neutral region than in the alkaline region. An d at high pH value, the number of binding sites decreased from 2 to 1 because of the conformational change of BSA in the alkaline region.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.238-245
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• 2016

Inverters are considered the basic building blocks of industrial electrical drive systems that are widely used for various applications; however, the failure of electronic switches mainly affects the constancy of these inverters. For safe and reliable operation of an electrical drive system, faults in power electronic switches must be detected by an efficient system that is capable of identifying the type of faults. In this paper, an open switch fault identification technique for a three-phase inverter is presented. Single, double, and triple switching faults can be diagnosed using this method. The detection mechanism is based on stator current analysis. Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) using Daubechies is performed on the Clarke transformed (-) stator current and features are extracted from the wavelets. An artificial neural network is then used for the detection and identification of faults. To prove the feasibility of this method, a Simulink model of the DWT-based feature extraction scheme using a neural network for the proposed fault detection system in a three-phase inverter with an induction motor is briefly discussed with simulation results. The simulation results show that the designed system can detect faults quite efficiently, with the ability to differentiate between single and multiple switching faults.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.81-89
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• 2010

Korean and three other languages (English, Arabic, and Japanese) were compared with regard to the compensatory movements in a VC (Vowel and Consonant) sequence and word. For this, Korean data were collected from an experiment and the other languages' data from literature. All the test words of the languages had the same syllabic contexture, i.e., /CVCV(r)/, where C was an oral stop and intervocalic consonants were either bilabial or alveolar stops. The present study found that (1) Korean is most striking in the durational variations of segments (vowel and the following hetero-syllabic consonant); (2) unlike the three languages that show a constant sum of VC, Korean yields a three-way distinction in the length of VC according the type (lax unaspirated vs. tense unaspirated vs. tense aspirated) of the following stop consonant; (3) a durational constancy is maintained up to the word level in the three languages, but Korean word duration varies as a function of the feature tenseness of the intervocalic consonants; (4) consonant duration is proven to differentiate Korean the most from the other languages. It is suggested that the durational difference between a lax consonant and its tense cognate(s) and the degree of compensation between V and C are determined by the phonology in each language.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.611-614
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• 2003

The rheological properties of exopolysaccharide, p-KG03, produced by marine microalgae Gyrodinium impudicum strain KG03 had been studied. The intrinsic viscosity of this p-KG03 was calculated to 65.22 and 50.75 $d{\ell}/g$ using Huggins and Kramer equations (xanthan gum 24.41 and 24.03). Aqueous dispersions at p-KG03 concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 % (w/w) showed marked shear-thinning properties as Power-Law behavior. In aqueous dispersions of p-KG03 1.0 %, consistency index (K) and flow behavior index (n) were 2,172 and 0.52. The apparent viscosity and the influence of shear rate on different conditions as p-KG03 concentrations, pH, NaCl, $CaCl_2$ and temperature in aqueous solutions were measured. And p-KG03 had mixed with aqueous solutions of xanthan gum and gellan gum, and invested the change of mixed aqueous solution behavior.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

The aim of the current study is to identify the dimerization and decomposition kinetics of the F-$D_M$ type. The regeneration of F-VS from $F_iF_j-D_M$ or the reversibility of the dimerizations were investigated. The order of real rate constants of the dimerization('$K_D{^{ij}}$) would seem to be similar to that of rate constants of a dimerization($K_D{^{ij}}$) for VS dyes at a given pH because of the constancy of the equilibrium constants($K_a{^j}$-value). The reverse reactions of the $D_M$ types are appeared to occur in two steps, the deprotonation of ${\alpha}$-carbon of the $D_M$ types and disproportionation. The ratio of the decomposition of the $D_M$ type to F-Hy and F-VS appears to be related with the ratio of $K_i/K_j$. Similarities were also found among various other reactions, including homo- and mixed dimerization. VS dyes undergoing fast hydrolysis have difficulty in forming a dimer. The higher the reactivity with cellulose or hydroxide ion, the smaller the dimerization. The easiness of the dimerization was thus found to be inversely proportional to the rate of hydrolysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.55-65
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• 2008

This study was surveyed to analyze vegetation structure of mountainous wetlands in Chung-ju city and around area from September to November, 2006. 6 sites of total 15 potential mountainous wetlands were discriminated throughout field survey. By classification system of mountainous wetlands presented in manual of forest wetlands research, types of wetlands were classified into slant and a flat. Many sites were covered with land plants as Pueraria thunbergiana and so on. To understand vegetation structure of mountainous wetlands, Height, DBH (diameter at breast height), DI (Dominance Index), Sociability and Constancy were surveyed and Based on this result, a projection chart was drawn. As results, Salix koreensis in tree layer and Persicaria thunbergii and Impatiens textori in herb layer were surveyed as broadly distributed species. This study is mainly focused on vegetation condition of mountainous wetlands. But, it will be needed studying on classification system of mountainous wetland type and functional assessment for conservation or management of wetlands.