• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.627-637
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• 2017

The high positive correlation between plastic strain of loaded coal-rock and AE (acoustic emission) characteristic parameter was studied and proved through AE experiment during coal-rock uniaxial compression process. The results show that plastic strain in the whole process of uniaxial compression can be gained through the experiment. Moreover, coal-rock loaded process can be divided into four phases through analyzing the change of the plastic strain curve : pressure consolidation phase, apparent linear elastic phase, accelerated deformation phase, rupture and development phase, which corresponds to conventional elastic-plastic change law of loaded coal-rock. The theoretical curve of damage constitutive model is in high agreement with the experimental curve. So the damage evolution law of coal rock damage can be indicated by both acoustic emission and plastic strain. The results have great academic and realistic significance for further study of both AE signal characteristics during loaded coal-rock damaged process and the forecasting of coal-rock dynamic disasters.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.139-142
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• 2004

Nickel base superalloys are widely used for high temperature applications due to heat resisting capability and corrosion resistance at high temperatures. Superalloys with many strengthening alloying elements are frequently used in powder form to alleviate harmful effects of alloy segregation. HIP (hot isostatic pressing) and DB (diffusion bonding) as a form of solid-state bonding process is used to make turbine components, such as integrated turbine rotors. HIP/DB process requires many technical overcomes related to dimensional changes as well as microstructural control. In this research, HIP/DB process for nickel base superalloys, Udimet 720 and MM 247, were investigated with a view to control the dimensional change during the consolidation process. Simple disc-shaped cans were used to select the conceptual die design for the control of the dimensional change especially in radial direction. The change in the shape of consolidated shape was investigated using commercial FE code with constitutive equations fur low temperature plasticity deformation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.171-174
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• 2004

Superalloys with many strengthening alloying elements are frequently used in powder form to alleviate harmful effects of alloy segregation. HIP (hot isostatic pressing) and DB (diffusion bonding) as a form of solid-state bonding process is often used to make turbine components, such as integrated turbine rotors. HIP/DB process requires many technical overcomes related to dimensional changes as well as microstructural control. In this research, HIP/DB process for nickel base superalloys, Udimet 720, were investigated with a view to control the dimensional change during the consolidation process. Simple disc-shaped cans were used to select the conceptual die design for the control of the dimensional change especially in radial direction. The change in the shape of consolidated shape was investigated using commercial FE code with constitutive equations for low temperature plasticity and creep deformation.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.148-153
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• 2004

Finite element analysis of open die forging process to make rectangular billet has been performed in this study. Three dimensional rigid-plastic finite element method was used to analyze the effects of process variables, forging pass design and die configurations on the void closure phenomena to maximize the internal deformation for better structural homogeneity and center-line consolidation of the rectangular billet. The effect of anvil width ratio, anvil pitch, anvil shape and number of pass has been estimated by the degree of void closure ratio. Although it is difficult to optimize process parameters in the operational environments, favourable process conditions are suggested for better product quality.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.152-162
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• 1999

The present study is concerned with the effect of PM process variables on the microstructure by using atomized superalloy powders. It is suggested that the inhomogeneity of composition is strongly dependent on the process variables. The contents of segregation elements of plasma rotating electrode process (PREP) powders are larger than those of Ar atomization (AA) powders. As HIP treatment temperature in-increases, the secondary phases on the prior particle boundaries (PPB) have continuous,uniform distribution and high density, but the amount of PPB decreases suddenly at 1150$^{\circ}$C. Segregated phases on the PPB are identified to be MC type carbide. Brittle MC type carbides on the PPB provide fracture initiation sites and preferred fracture path, thereby leading to intergranular type brittle fracture.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.231-232
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• 2016

Configuration Management (CM) is a process of identifying and documenting the characteristics of a Structures, Systems and Components (SSCs), and of ensuring that changes to these characteristics are properly assessed, approved, issued, implemented and verified. There are requirement management, change control, facility configuration information management for CM activities. In order to improve safety of Nuclear Power Plant(NPP), it is necessary to manage change item systematically. Existing CM concept is focused on the NPP in operation. On the other hand, NPP under construction is difficult to efficiently manage the change because of different change process from varoius stake-holders. This research considers method of consolidation change process for NPP to ensure that approved changes are accurately reflected in the design requirements, facility configuration information, and the physical configuration.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.15-25
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• 2002

The permeability coefficient is one of the fundamental engineering properties of soft clays. Consolidation process as well as migration of pollutants in soil are affected the permeability coefficient, which generally decreases with the reduction in void ratio during consolidation. After Kozeny(1927) and Carman(1956), many researchers have proposed the relationships between void ratio and permeability in such forms as; (1) log e - log k(1+e), (2) e - log k, or (3) log e - log k. Constant rate of strain (CRS) tests was performed with undisturbed samples obtained at Kunsan and Kimhae deposits, which are representative Korean marine clay. From the results of the tests, the relationships were found valid for Kunsan and Kimhae clays. The experimental correlation $C_k=0.5e_o$ was satisfied with Kimhae clay but not with Kunsan clay.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.368-379
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• 2004

Distraction osteogenesis is a biologic process of new bone formation between the surfaces of bone segments that are gradually separated by incremental traction. Distraction osteogenesis is clinically applied as a new treatment modality of mandibular hypoplasia or bony defect area in maxillofacial area by many studies of distraction devices and method. But disadvantage of distraction osteogenesis shows unfavorably long consolidation period and relapse tendency. Therefore. this experiment was designed to investigate the effectiveness of combined application of distraction and compression force for improving of bone quality and shortening of treatment period during distraction osteogenesis. Twenty-one Sprague-Dawley rats with $300{\sim}350gm$ were used. These were divided into two group as distraction group and combination group was applied with compression force in the consolidation period. The rat were sacrificed for gross finding, radiographic and histologic findings. at 2, 4 weeks after distraction. The result were follow : 1. On radiographic finding, all experimental groups appeared more radiopacity than control groups both at 2, 4 weeks after distraction. 2. On histologic finding, trabeculae of bone and mature lamellar bone were showed increasingly in experimental group. Ossification occured rapidly. From this study, we may suggest that compression force application in consolidation period during distraction osteogenesis can be useful method improve bone quality and to shorten the treatment period. But more experimental and clinical studis are necessitated on effects of compression force application during distraction osteogenesis.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to observe histopathologic changes in the bilateral craniomandibular joints after allowing 6 weeks of consolidation by varying the amount of distraction in rabbit mandible. Eight rabbits weighing about 2 to 3 kg were used. After corticotomy was performed on the left mandibular body between the first premolar and the second premolar region, a unilateral fixation device was placed. Then, a 7-day period was allowed without distraction of the device. The mandible was lengthened 0.5 mm/day. Corticotomy and lengthening of mandible were not performed in control group. After the completion of the lengthening process, a 6-week-consolidation period was allowed. Then, the rabbits were sacrificed, and histologic examination of the craniomandibular joints was performed. Proliferative changes were observed in the craniomandibular joints in all groups. With the increasing amount of distraction, hypertrophy of the cartilage layer became more severe, bone formed was dense and enchondral ossification was clearly shown in subchondral bone. Hypertrophy of the cartilage layer was also seen in the non-distracted side as the distracted side in the experimental group. These results indicate that when physical force is applied constantly to joints, the proliferation of articular cartilage and bone formation are present. When more than 6 weeks of consolidation period is allowed at the time of performing distraction for more than 5 mm, articular changes, especially, in the contralateral side should also be noted.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.103-113
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• 2000

기존의 Terzaghi 압밀이론은 상대적으로 연약토층이 두껍지 않고, 초기함수비가 낮으며 적은 유효응력의 증가가 예상되는 곳에 그 적용이 제한되어 있었다. 그 이유는 Therzaghi 압미이론 자체가 미소변형률과 선형적인 압축성 및 투수성등을 기본적인 가정사항으로 내포하고 있기 때문이다. 이러한 가정사항을 극복하고자 Gibson et al. 은 일차원 비선형 유한 변형률 압밀이론에 관한 엄밀해를 제시하였다. 이 이론은 기존의 많은 가정사항들을 극복하여 실제 현상에 더욱 부합하는 예측을 할 수 있는 장점이 있는 반면, 비선형적인 응력-변형 관계, 변형-투수계수 관계의 도입과 좌표변환 및 현장의 시고이력을 그대로 적용하는데 많은 어려움이 있는 것이 사실이다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 비선형 유한형태를 압밀이론을 이용한 압밀현상 예측을 위하여, 비선형적인 응력-변형 관계, 변형-투수계수 관계에 관한 함수식을 구성하고 이를 포함하는 컴퓨터 프로그램을 개발하였다. 개발 프로그램은 많은 폼과 모듈로 구성되어 있는데, 이러한 각각의 폼과 모듈은 GUI 기능의 극대화를 통해 복잡한 이론에 익숙하지 않은 실무자들이 쉽게 본 이론을 이용할 수 있도록 설계 되었다. 또한 개발프로그램은 다양한 하중단계 및 비선형적인 응력-변형 관계, 변형-투수계수 관계에 관한 회귀분석, 각 유효응력 단계별 상이한 비선형 계수 g와 λ를 적용할 수 있으며, 계산을 위한 전처리과정은 물론 계산된 결과를 위한 다양한 후처리과정이 모두 사용자 위주의 GUI 기능을 충분히 갖도록 설계되었다. 개발 프로그램의 검증을 위하여 실제 현장의 계측자료 및 기존 연구문헌상의 결과와 본 개발 프로그램의 예측결과를 비교.분석하였으며, 다양한 간극비 상태의 비선형 계수가 해석결과에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다.