• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2010

The purposes of this study were to examine the reliability and validity of Korean translation of Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI-K) in school-aged children with cerebral palsy (CP). The PEDI-K, Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM) and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMIFCS) were completed in 104 school-aged children with CP by therapists. The internal consistency of the PEDI-K was calculated by Cronbach's alpha (${\alpha}$) for assessing reliability. Concurrent validity was evaluated by correlation with the subsets of WeeFIM. Discriminant validity was assessed by comparing GMFCS levels with tests of the PEDI-K. The results showed that internal consistency was good (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ ranged from .97~.98). Concurrent validity was demonstrated. The correlation with WeeFIM was high in the Functional Skills (self-care, r=.74~.94; mobility, r=.59~.91; social function, r=.65~.93) and in the Caregiver Assistance (self-care, r=.75~.94; mobility, r=.63~.90; social function, r=.78~.96). Discriminant validity was demonstrated on significant decreases in domain scores with increasing GMFCS levels. Reliability and validity have been demonstrated on the PEDI-K. This study extends usage of PEDI-K in clinical activities and research.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.66-71
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• 1984

In order to find out the effect of a plant growth regulating hormone, commonly called as 2, 4, 5-TP, for checking the resisting energy against falling of grain of Indica-Japonica species rice, an experiment was conducted with five levels of consistency (5,10, 15, 20, 25 ppm) and with four levels of spray timing (8, 17, 27, 34 DAH). Ten applications were made for measuring the resisting energy of rice heads sampled from every lot of treatments. Followings are the results; 1.The rice heads applied with 2, 4, 5-TP showed remarkably higher resisting energy against falling of grain comparing with those from the control plot. 2.The highest average value of the resisting energy was found as 83, 326 erg per grain on the plots of 8 DAH spray. 3.The general tendency was found that the more the timing of spraying was early, the more the consistency was lean. 4.A regression equation for expressing the peak resistance versus the timing was derived by means of least squares as follow; C=0. 00042D$^3$-0. 012D$^2$+0. 267D+8. 394 5.No significant differences were found among the values of weight per 1, 000 grains neither among moisture content.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 2th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.269-278
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• 2007

Nighttime construction is being adopted by many state DOT's as a way to mitigate the impact of construction operations on the traveling public. Although a number of states have developed standard specifications for nighttime lighting, these standards are usually in the form of generic requirement statements that only specify minimum illuminance levels. The lighting standards do not include specific ways to achieve this illuminance level such as lighting arrangements and configurations for various work zone plans and construction operations. This leaves confusion between the traffic engineers and the contractors and does not guarantee consistency in those plans, thus affecting productivity and safety (lighting conditions account for 18% to 28% of work zone accidents). The main objective of this study is to utilize three dimensional animation and lighting analysis software to study and model lighting conditions of a construction site. This is expected to increase the safety and productivity of construction operations by achieving consistency in work zone lighting schemes. A computerized model was developed, called Nitelite. Various lighting schemes can be studied using the software to provide for typical applications including lighting fixture's locations, luminance, mounting height, tilt angle, and fixture type. The results from the developed software tool were validated through comparisons with previous research conducted using field measurements.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.60-68
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• 2003

연구목적: 본 연구는 Richard D. Lane이 인지발달이론에 기초하여 감정의 경험을 평가하기 위해 개발한 Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale(LEAS)를 번역하고 그 타당도와 신뢰도를 검증하여 한국판 감정자각 수준 척도(LEAS-K)를 개발하고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 방 법: LEAS를 일차번역과 역번역의 과정을 거쳐 가능한 원문에 가깝게 번역을 한 후 문화적 차이를 고려하여 수정한 것을 최종 연구 자료로 사용하였다. 경북대학교 의예과와 의학과에 재학 중인 학생 476명(남자 322명, 여자 154명)을 대상으로 검사를 시행하여 신뢰도를 알아보았으며 타당도를 검사하기 위해 한국판 감정표현불능증 척도(TAS-20K), 개방성 척도(Openness to Experience Inventory), 사회 바람직성 척도(Marlowe-Crowne Scale), 외현 불안 척도(Bendig short form of the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale), 정서 표현성 척도(Emotional Expressivity Scale)를 같이 시행하였다. 결 과: LEAS-K의 내적 일치도(internal consistency)는 Cronbach's alpha 계수 0.81이었으며 검사자간 신뢰도는 0.99였다. LEAS-K와 TAS-20K는 부적 상관관계(r=-0.10), 개방성 척도, 사회 바람직성 척도와는 정적 상관관계(r=0.10)가 있었으며 통계적으로 모두 유의하였다. 외현 불안 척도, 정서 표현성 척도와는 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 결 론: LEAS-K는 신뢰도와 타당도가 만족할 만한 수준임을 알 수 있었고 감정을 경험하는데 있어서 감정의 강도보다는 감정 경험의 구조(structure)나 복합성(complexity)을 측정하는 척도임을 시사하였다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.65-80
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to validate the Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale(CPIC) with Korean children. The subjects were 323 sixth graders from three elementary schools in Seoul. The CPIC Scale (Grych, Seid. & Fincham, 1992). the Children's Depression Inventory(CDI; Kovacs, 1981) and the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale( RCMAS: Reynolds & Richmond, 1978) were used as methodological instruments. The methods for data analyses were Pearson's r. factor analysis, and Cronbach's. Eight of the nine initial scales showed acceptable levels of internal consistency. The correlations among the CPIC subscales were assessed and the data were examined with factor analysis. Three factors were extracted and labeled 'Conflict Properties, Self-Blame,' and 'Threat', respectively. The validity of the CPIC subscales was assessed by examining correlations between the CPIC subscales and the CDI and the RCMAS, and the coefficients were significant. The three scales demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's=.86, .81, .79).

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.1172-1180
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• 2017

The application of Monte Carlo (MC) to large-scale fixed-source problems has recently become possible with new hybrid methods that automate generation of parameters for variance reduction techniques. Two common variance reduction techniques, weight windows and source biasing, have been automated and popularized by the consistent adjoint-driven importance sampling (CADIS) method. This method uses the adjoint solution from an inexpensive deterministic calculation to define a consistent set of weight windows and source particles for a subsequent MC calculation. One of the motivations for source consistency is to avoid the splitting or rouletting of particles at birth, which requires computational resources. However, it is not always possible or desirable to implement such consistency, which results in inconsistent source biasing. This paper develops an original framework that mathematically expresses the coupling of the weight window and source biasing techniques, allowing the authors to explore the impact of inconsistent source sampling on the variance of MC results. A numerical experiment supports this new framework and suggests that certain classes of problems may be relatively insensitive to inconsistent source sampling schemes with moderate levels of splitting and rouletting.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.150-157
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• 2014

본 논문은 현재 출간된 아동영문어휘책의 현황분석을 통해 그림과 문자의 관계적 속성을 이해하고 사용자인 아동을 고려해 시각적 심상을 얼마나 잘 활용하고 있는가를 파악하고자 하였다. 이에 아동영문어휘책에 사용된 그림의 유형과 그림의 활용도, 그림과 문자의 결합 형태, 그림과 문자와의 의미일치도 정도를 살펴보았다. 분석결과 그림의 활용도는 일러스트, 만화, 일러스트와 만화의 혼용 순으로 전반적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그림과 문자의 결합 형태에서는 그림+어휘형, 일러스트가 없는 문자형, 그림문자형 순으로 나타났다. 특히나 그림과 문자의 의미일치도가 높을수록 학습에 효과적인데 반해 의미일치도는 전반적으로 낮게 나타났다. 의미일치도가 높게 나타난 5개의 그룹 중 그림문자형이 가장 높은 결합형태 빈도를 보이고 있었다. 따라서 현재 출간된 아동영문어휘책에 나타난 그림과 문자의 제시형태는 비슷한 형태로 출판사별로 출간되고 있음을 알 수 있었고 아동의 다양한 수준을 바탕으로 한 효과적인 디자인연구가 필요하다고 보아진다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제8권7호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2008

데이터베이스 응용 프로그램들은 DBMS가 관리하는 데이터베이스를 동시에 접근하기 때문에 동시성 문제가 발생하며 이를 해결하기 위해서 대부분의 상업용 DBMS들은 고립화 수준을 설정할 수 있게 한다. 데이터베이스 응용 프로그램을 구성하는 트랜잭션들의 고립화 수준에 따라서 데이터베이스의 일관성이 위반될 수도 있기 때문에 트랜잭션의 고립화 수준의 검증은 중요하다. 본 논문은 트랜잭션의 고립화 수준 설정 오류를 검증하기 위한 시험 도구를 제안하고 프로토타입을 구현한다. 시험 도구는 ESQL/C 프로그램을 분석하여 고립화 수준을 검증할 수 있는 코드를 추가하여 시험 트랜잭션을 실행시키고 고립화 수준의 오류를 검출할 수 있게 한다.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.129-141
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• 2015

This study evaluates user experience of streaming stick service through usability testing. Streaming stick services such as Roku, Chromecast, and Everoncast were tested in ten levels belonging to five usability variables that are composed of efficiency of use, accuracy, meaningfulness, flexibility, and consistency. Each variable has two levels respectively that are responsiveness, minimal action, error prevention, error detection, error recovery, understandability, learnability, substitutivity, predictability, and familiarity in order. Twenty five participants volunteerly joined this research, and the results showed that Roku is superior to another two OTTs in most levels and variables. It implies that participants prefer to remote control, many channels, and personalized service during experiencing the service.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2001

This study investigated the effect of different dietary fats and fibers on colon tumor incidence and cell proliferation, the levels of eicosanoids and polyamines in colonic mucosa of DMH-treated rats. The experiment was conducted on male Sprague Dawley rats using a 2 $\times$3 factorial design with two fats (corn oil and DHA-rich fish oil) and two fibers (cellulose and pectin) and a fiber-free control. The rats were find an experimental diet containing 15% (w/w) dietary fat and 6% (w/w) fiber for 25 weeks. Tumor incidence was Bower in rats fed fish oil as opposed to corn oil. The levels of arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosanoids ($PGE_2, and TXB_2$) in normal colonic mucosa were significantly lower in rats fed fish oil and there was a concomitant increase of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The levels of eicosanoids and AA in tumor tissues were significantly higher than those of normal colonic mucosa. The level of polyamines in normal colonic mucosa was not affected by dietary fats but was significantly lower than that in rumor tissues. Dietary fiber did not have a significant effect on rumor incidence and the levels of AA, eicosanoids and polyamines. Overall, fish oil rich in DHA reduced cell prolifiration and thus inhibited colon carcinogenesis through its effect on the distribution of AA and production of eicosanoids in normal colonic mucosa. However, its effect on colon carcinogenesis revealed a lack of consistency depending on the type of dietary fiber in diet.