• 한국안전학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.60-68
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• 2004

Consequence analysis of flammable materials that affect to a risk of facilities was studied at the risk based inspection using API-581. We found that consequence areas (damage area of equipment and fatality area) by release accident of flammable materials showed high value for the case of liquid phase and auto-ignition likely, and that consequence areas of flammable gases decreased as temperature increased and the pipe diameter and pressure decreased at continuous release.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.28-37
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• 2024

The recent surge in the production and handling of hazardous materials in Korea necessitates developing and implementing robust emergency response plans. These plans are crucial in safeguarding the well-being of workers and residents in the event of an incident. The consequence analysis methodology outlined in the KOSHA guidelines provides a foundation for designing emergency response plans in the event of chemical accidents. However, the consequence analysis is evaluated based on assumed accident cases or worst-case scenarios. Consequently, the emergency response plan based on the consequence analysis may overestimate the damage area, complicating rescue efforts and unnecessarily increasing costs. More information and parameters become available after an accident, enabling more accurate consequence analysis. This implies that the results of consequence analysis based on this detailed information provide more realistic results than those based on assumed accidents. This study attempts to optimize the resource allocation and cost-effectiveness of emergency response plans for chemical accidents. Existing procedures and manuals are revised to elucidate the proposed model and conduct real-time consequence analysis. The existing emergency response plan is compared to verify the proposed model's efficacy. The obtained results indicate that the proposed model can exhibit better performance.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 위험물 취급설비에 대하여 4가지 화재유형으로 나누어 사고 시나리오를 작성하였다. 그리고 작성된 시나리오를 바탕으로 SuperChems Pro., 3.1, SAFER Trace Ver., 8.2, PHAST Pro., Ver., 5.2 등 외국의 사고결과 영향평가 프로그램을 이용하여 사고결과 영향평가 프로그램의 적용 특성을 분석·평가하였으며 이들 프로그램의 분석, 적용 평가 결과 및 관련이론을 활용하여 이를 전산화 할 수 있는 화재모델 및 서브모델을 선정하여 제시하였다.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2002년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.285-291
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• 2002

This paper proposes the concept and the general framework of the risk-based seismic design. Because earthquakes and the behaviors of structures are very unpredictable, probabilistic seismic design methods have been proposed after deterministic design methods. Considering these changes, we can find that the important point of seismic design is not the structural behavior itself, but the consequence of structural behavior under possible earthquakes. Risk-based seismic design can tell these consequences under any earthquakes. In this paper, structural confidences are considered by using fragility curve, and risk is modeled by failure probability and consequence-property damage cost, casualty cost.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.102-107
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• 2004

Performance based design is a recent evolutionary step in the process of designing fire protection systems. In essence, it is a logical design process resulting in a solution that achieves a specified performance. Sometimes the prescriptive solutions presented in various codes and standards are too expensive or inflexible. Often the solutions do not and enables optimization of a solution for cost and function. In this study, performance based design was carried out to determine the extent of passive fire protection for oil terminal facilities. The results of performance based design were compared with those of prescriptive code based design. Performance based design is not always more economic than prescriptive code based design but provides more reliable and effective design that is fit for the purpose.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제17권3_4호
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• pp.527-537
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• 2004

Consequence-Based Engineering (CBE) is a new paradigm proposed by the Mid-America Earthquake Center (MAE) to guide evaluation and rehabilitation of building structures and networks in areas of low probability - high consequence earthquakes such as the central region of the U.S. The principal objective of CBE is to minimize consequences by prescribing appropriate intervention procedures for a broad range of structures and systems, in consultation with key decision makers. One possible intervention option for rehabilitating unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings, widely used for essential facilities in Mid-America, is passive energy dissipation (PED). After the CBE process is described, its application in the rehabilitation of vulnerable URM building construction in Mid-America is illustrated through the use of PED devices attached to flexible timber floor diaphragms. It is shown that PED's can be applied to URM buildings in situations where floor diaphragm flexibility can be controlled to reduce both out-of-plane and in-plane wall responses and damage. Reductions as high as 48% in roof displacement and acceleration can be achieved as demonstrated in studies reported below.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.1108-1115
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• 2024

Assuring physical security for Micro Modular Reactors (MMRs) will be key to their licensing. Economic constraints however require changes in how the security objectives are achieved for MMRs. A promising new approach is the so-called performance based (PB) approach wherein the regulator formally sets general security objectives and leaves it to the licensee to set their own specific acceptance criteria to meet those objectives. To implement the PB approach for MMRs, one performs a consequence-based analysis (CBA) whose objective is to study hypothetical malicious attacks on the facility, assuming that intruders take control of the facility and perform any technically possible action within a limited time before an offsite security force can respond. The scenario leading to the most severe radiological consequences is selected and studied to estimate the limiting impact on public health. The CBA estimates the total amount of radionuclides that would be released to the atmosphere in this hypothetical scenario to determine the total radiation dose to which the public would be exposed. The predicted radiation exposure dose is then compared to the regulatory dose limit for the site. This paper describes application of the CBA to four different MMRs technologies.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제88권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2023

Seismic risk assessment studies are one of the most crucial instruments for mitigating casualties and economic losses. This work utilizes fragility curves to evaluate the seismic risk of single-story precast buildings, which are generally favored in Marmara's organized industrial zones. First, the precast building stock in the region has been categorized into nine sub-classes. Then, seven locations in the Marmara region with a high concentration of industrial activities are considered. Probabilistic seismic hazard assessments were conducted for both the soil-dependent and soil-independent scenarios. Subsequently, damage analysis was performed based on the structural capacity and mean fragility curves. Considering four different consequence models, 630 sub-class-specific loss curves for buildings were obtained. In the current study, it has been determined that the consequence model has a significant impact on the loss curves, hence, average loss curves were computed for each case investigated. In light of the acquired results, it was found that the loss ratio values obtained at different locations within the same region show significant variation. In addition, it was observed that the structural damage states change from serviceable to repairable or repairable to unrepairable. Within the scope of the study, 126 average loss functions were presented that could be easily used by non-experts in earthquake engineering, regardless of structural analysis. These functions, which offer loss ratios for varying hazard levels, are valuable outputs that allow preliminary risk assessment in the region and yield sensible outcomes for insurance activities.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1081-1087
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• 2015

This article aims to provide a design method of warning thresholds for active safety systems based on the performance-based approach considering driver behaviors. Both positive and negative consequences of warnings are considered, and the main idea is to choose a warning threshold where the positive consequence is maximized, whereas the negative consequence is minimized. The process of the performance-based approach involves: Defining the operating scenarios; setting the trajectory models, including human characteristics; estimating the alert and nominal trajectories; estimating the performance metrics; generating a performance-metric plot; and determining the alert thresholds. This paper chose a lane-departure warning system as an example to show the usefulness of the performance-based approach. Both human and sensor characteristics were considered in the system design, and this paper provided a quantitative method to include human factors in designing active safety systems.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2011

PSM 제도와 더불어 사고 피해크기 예측기법은 국내 석유화학공장에 많이 보급되어 활용되고 있으나, 사고로 인한 영향, 즉, 작업자, 조업중단, 유틸리티에 미치는 영향을 고려하지 않고, 비상조치계획을 수립하고 있어서 다소 현실적이지 못한 문제점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 현실적인 비상조치계획을 수립하고, 위험기반 안전관리를 수행할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 석유화학공장의 설비에서 사고로 인한 피해지역과 재정적 손실을 산출하여 사고 피해크기를 비교 분석하였다. 피해지역을 기준으로 하는 경우에는 장치손상지역, 상해지역 그리고 독성지역을 동시에 고려한 안전지역을 기준으로 피해크기 등급을 산출하여야 하고, 또한 공정의 특성 및 주변 환경을 고려하면 피해지역을 기준으로 하는 것보다 재정적 손실을 기준으로 하는 것이 현실적인 사고 피해크기 산출방법이었다.