• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.172-180
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• 2022

Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO) is a rare odontogenic tumor, which occurs in young children before the age of 20 years. Radiologically, it is a well-defined radiolucent lesion containing radiopaque masses. Histopathologically, AFO is composed of odontogenic epithelium in a primitive-appearing connective tissue and hard tissue consisting of enamel and dentin. It is commonly found in the mandibular posterior region. AFO may be asymptomatic and is often associated with delayed tooth eruption. As it shows similar characteristics clinically and radiologically to odontoma, differential diagnosis through histopathological examination is important. Treatment of AFO is conservative enucleation, and teeth enclosed or associated with the lesion may require extraction. In this report, 2 young patients who visited our clinic with a chief complaint of delayed eruption were diagnosed as AFO with radiological and histopathological examination. After the surgery, the healing status was found to be favorable, and no evidence of recurrence was observed.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.415-419
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• 2022

A central odontogenic fibroma is a rare benign tumor composed of mature fibrous connective tissue with variable amounts of odontogenic epithelium. It appears at similar rates in the maxilla and mandible. In the maxilla, it usually occurs anterior to the molars. Radiographically, central odontogenic fibroma commonly presents as a multilocular or unilocular radiolucency with a distinct border. This paper reports a case of an aggressive central odontogenic fibroma involving the right posterior maxilla of a 53-year-old man. Radiographs showed an extensive soft tissue mass involving the entire right maxilla with frank bone resorption. The patient had a history of 2 operations in the region, both more than 2 decades ago. Although it was impossible to confirm the previous diagnoses, it was presumed that this case was a recurrent lesion.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.307-314
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• 2013

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a potent pro-fibrotic factor, which is implicated in fibrosis through extracellular matrix (ECM) induction in diabetic cardiovascular complications. It is an important downstream mediator in the fibrotic action of transforming growth factor ${\beta}$ ($TGF{\beta}$) and is potentially induced by hyperglycemia in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Therefore, the goal of this study is to identify the signaling pathways of CTGF effects on ECM accumulation and cell proliferation in VSMCs under hyperglycemia. We found that high glucose stimulated the levels of CTGF mRNA and protein and followed by VSMC proliferation and ECM components accumulation such as collagen type 1, collagen type 3 and fibronectin. By depleting endogenous CTGF we showed that CTGF is indispensable for the cell proliferation and ECM components accumulation in high glucose-stimulated VSMCs. In addition, pretreatment with the MEK1/2 specific inhibitors, PD98059 or U0126 potently inhibited the CTGF production and ECM components accumulation in high glucose-stimulated VSMCs. Furthermore, knockdown with ERK1/2 MAPK siRNA resulted in significantly down regulated of CTGF production, ECM components accumulation and cell proliferation in high glucose-stimulated VSMCs. Finally, ERK1/2 signaling regulated Egr-1 protein expression and treatment with recombinant CTGF reversed the Egr-1 expression in high glucose-induced VSMCs. It is conceivable that ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating CTGF expression and suggests that blockade of CTGF through ERK1/2 MAPK signaling may be beneficial for therapeutic target of diabetic cardiovascular complication such as atherosclerosis.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.270-275
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• 2003

Histochemical characteristic and ultrastructure of the mantle of the granular ark, Tegillarca granosa are described using light and electron microscopy. The mantle of the clam is composed of outer epidermis, connective tissue and inner epidermis. The simple epidermis consists of supporting cells, ciliated cells of the two types and secretory cells of three types. Connective tissue is composed of matrix, collagen fibers, muscular fibers and hemolymph sinus. The columnar supporting cell is covered with microvilli on the free surface. Ciliated cells are distributed in the inner epidermis with numerous cilia, microvilli and tubular mitochondria. Secretory cells could be classified into three types (A, B and C) with morphological features of the secretory granules. Type A secretory cells contains secretory granules with fibrous materials of high electron density Type B secretory cells are more abundant than the other cells, and contains secretory granules of membrane-bounded and high electron density. Secretory granules of the type C cells are divided into fibrous core layer and homogeneous peripheral layer. Type B secretory cells are abundant in the both epidermis of marginal mantle, while large number of type A and C secretory cells are evident in the outer epidermis of the central and umbonal mantle. This result showed that the outer and the inner epidermis of the mantle are related with shell formation and cleaning of the mantle cavity, respectively.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.253-266
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• 1995

Recently, available interests concerning the biologic significance of the extracellular matrix and proliferating cells associated with periodontal disease has been increased. The distribution or expression of cellular proliferation by PCNA, macrophage detection by ${\alpha}$-l-antichymotrypsin, fibronectin playing a important role in host defence mechanisms indirectly, and transglutaminase that cross linked to fibronectin and stimulate fibrin stabilization were studied in inflammed and healthy gingiva. The excised tissue samples were fixed neutral formalin for 24 hours, embedded with paraffin, sectioned at 4-61lffi in thickness, and immunohistochemically processed by LSAB method. The positive reaction to PCNA was localized in the suprabasal and basal layer of inflammed gingiva and an increasing reactivity was observed than healthy gingiva. ${\alpha}$-I-antichymotrypsin positive cells were localized in the basal layer of inflammed gingiva, and there was no or rare positive cells in healthy gingiva. The positive reaction to fibronectin in inflammed gingiva was more than healthy gingiva,"and shown in the connective tissue subjacent to basement membrane of epithelium and in the periphery of the collagen fiber bundles. The positive cells by transglutaminase in inflammed gingiva were noted in suprabasal, spinous, and keratin layer of epithelium, and slightly increased in the capillaries of connective tissues. But the results of this study demonstrated in vitro reaction. Therefore, the role of PCNA,${\alpha}$-l-antichyrnotrypsin, transglutaminase, fibronectin and coefficient with other growth factor and extracellular matrix were further investigated in vivo.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.350-358
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• 1998

Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome(APS) is a well-known clinical syndrome characterized by recurrent arterial or venous thromboses, recurrent fetal loss, thrombocytopenia, together with high titers of sustained anticardiolipin antibody(aCL) or lupus anticoagulant(LA). Although systemic lupus erythematosus(SLB) and APS may coexist, a high proportion of patients manifesting the APS do not suffer from classical lupus or other connective tissue disease. The patient has been defined as having a primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. We experienced one case of primary APS with recurrent fetal loss, recurrent cerebral infarctions, positive anticardiolipin antibody IgG and fluttering vegetation on the mitral valve, without other connective tissue diseases including SLE. Forty-three old female had 2 out of 11 criteria for the diagnosis of SLE, such as thrombocytopenia and positive antinuclear antibody, but did not meet whole criteria. The patient was treated with ticlopidine, and anticoagulant therapy was recommended.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.449-453
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• 2006

Purpose: Perceiving the experience that $MRD_1$ is increased after small-incision double-eyelid operation, it has been statistically verified the improvement of $MRD_1$ retrospectively. Therefore, we suggest new interpretation for Korean-specific small eye and more definite classification for ptosis. Methods: In operation, we made 3 small incisions according to the line designed on upper eyelid and removed some soft tissues including connective tissues. Then, figure-of-8 continuous buried ligation was performed through the incision windows. This study is a retrospective study, measures $MRD_1$ changes and excursion distance change of eyelid margine and eyebrow using pre-and post-operative photos of 14 patients. Results: Postoperative photos were taken on the 4th day and all of 14 patients had an improvement in $MRD_1$ statistically. The excursion distance of upper eyelid was improved in half of patients, though not in the range of statistical verification. It was statistically confirmed that the movement of eyebrow was reduced after operation. Conclusion: It is thought that $MRD_1$ improvement without any operation on levator complex means that soft tissue including connective tissue eliminated in operation restricts the movement of upper eyelid. It is defined such factors as burden factors and such phenomenon as burdened eyelid. It is thougt that Korean's small eye is mainly burdened eyelid and cosmetic improvement may be obtaind even by removing such burden factors.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.1059-1064
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• 2006

Six muscles were seamed out randomly from Hanwoo carcasses (n = 12) of each quality grade (quality grades 1, 2 and 3). Samples were analysed for their total and soluble collagen contents, IMCT (intramuscular connective tissue) and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF). Simple correlation (n = 21) was determined for WBSF among major muscles. For LT (longissimus thoracis), total collagen content was significantly higher (p<0.05) for quality grade 3 than those for quality grades 1 and 2. For semitendinosus (ST), semimembranosus (SM), psoas major (PM) and serratus ventralis (SV), total collagen content of quality grade 1 was lowest (p<0.05) of all quality grades. IMCT shear force for gluteus medius (GM) decreased (p<0.05) with better quality grade, and those for other muscles, with the exception of GM, were higher (p<0.05) for quality grade 3 than for quality grades 1 and 2. WBSF values showed GM and LT to be decreased (p<0.05) with better quality grade, and PM to be higher (p<0.05) for quality grade 3 than those for quality grades 1 and 2. SM, ST and SV from quality grade 1 had lower (p<0.05) WBSF value than those from quality grades 2 and 3. Total collagen content of ST was highest (p<0.05) of all muscles, whereas that of PM was lowest (p<0.05). Soluble collagen contents of LT and SV from quality grades 1 and 2 were, in general, higher (p<0.05) than other muscles, but that of SM was lowest (p<0.05). ST and SM had higher (p<0.05) WBSF values for three quality grades when compared to other muscles, whereas PM was lowest (p<0.05). LT had the strongest simple correlation with SV (r = 0.78) and GM (r = 0.77), and SM had the strongest correlation with ST (r = 0.73) and LT (r = 0.73). Also, PM had the strongest correlation with SV (r = 0.62).

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.845-866
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• 1997

Several experimental studies showed that the application of small amounts of electric current to bone stimulated osteogenesis at the site of the cathode and suggests that the application of electrical currents to periodontal defects could promote bone and cementum formation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of direct microcurrent to the periodontal regeneration of class III furcation defects in dogs. Class III furcation defects were surgically created on the third and the fourth premolars bilaterally in the mandibles of nine mongrel dogs. Experimental periodontitis were induced by placing small cotton pellets into the created defects for 3 weeks. The experimental sites were divided into three groups according to the treatment modalities: Group I-surgical debridement only; Group II-allogenic demineralized freeze dried bone grafting; Group III-allogenic demineralized freeze dried bone grafting and electrical stimulation. For fluorescence microscopic evaluation, calcein, oxytetracycline HCI and alizarin red were injected 2, 4 and 8 weeksfS days prior to sacrifice) after surgery. The animals were sacrificed in the 1st, 2nd, 4th and 8th week after periodontal surgery and the decalcified and undecalcified specimens were prepared for histological and histometrical examination. After the first and the second weeks, gingival recession was more severe in group I than groups II and III. After the fourth and the eighth weeks, there was no difference in the width of junctional epithelium and connective tissue attachment among the three groups, but the width of connective tissue attachment increased in group II at the eighth week, compared to the fourth week. The amount of bone repair in new attachment was significantly greater in group III, compared to groups I and II. New attachment formation was significantly greater in group III, compared to groups I and group II. These results suggest that electrical stimulation using microcurrent generator could be a useful tool for periodontal regenerative therapy in class III furcation defect.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.861-872
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• 1999

Since pathologic changes of exposed root surface inhibit cell attachment and new attachment of connective tissue have been made, many efforts were apply to change the exposed root surface condition. Scaling and root planing can not remove the endotoxin completely and forms the smear layer which prohibits the new attachment of connective tissue. Therefore, many kinds of chemicals were used for controlling the pathologic change of the root surface. The purposes of this study was to compare and observe the changes of the exposed root surface treated by scaling and root planning, Tetracycline HCl and Argon Laser. After the scaling and root planning of ten extracted premolars, the differences & the root surface among groups were observed under SEM. Control group showed smear layer and irregular amorphous surface. The dentinal tubule was not exposed. The debris and scale like texture were also observed. Tetracycline HCl treated group showed relatively smooth surface and the collagen fiber was observed in the dentinal tubule. Argon Laser treated group showed the most effective results under the conditions of 0.8 to 1.0w irradiation for 0.5 to 1.0 sec with pulse wave. The results of this study showed that the root surface change was associated with the intensity and the duration of Argon Laser irradiation. Further investigation for the surface change with the Argon Laser irradiation is recommended for understanding of clinical effect.