• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.41-56
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• 2019

Recently great loss of life and property is occurring because of fire, natural disaster, earth quake, tsunami and so on. People spend 80~90% of their time indoor environment like office, supermarket, campus. Therefore Indoor navigation and guidelines system became so essential for most of all. Incase of emergency we must be careful earlier, in such a cases 5G kind of new technology may also cannot work. So immediate action and quick routing notification for guidelines and protection is the most. Considering this issue We proposed indoor evacuating guidance system based on microcontroller Wi-Fi board for Indoor APP using mobile. Focusing various kind of technology like, ok google, voice search APP we purposed node architecture based system. When we listen fire alarm while living inside the room. Then to be safe we connect with server and start Arduino UNO+IoT ESP8266 Wi-Fi shield version1-IoT module to store data in MySQL DB server. We make application to escape out from the building up-to the three exits giving information from source point to destination. Our program can send information to the users emergency location and situations. For this when the user get sound or vibration in their mobile device it indicate fire out near by. At that time we update message from Arduino to DB server for the fixed current position inside the building which give routing signal for that fire out location by changing values from 0 to 1. We have user in point 10 where user is near by. Later we detect Wi-Fi signal form Nodemcu as room of each floor and try to connect with user. Main purpose of this paper is to save life of people in short time and find out the shortest path up to nearest exits in the time of emergencies and rescue them.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.45-55
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• 2011

Context awareness technologies are based on efficient sharing of environment information of ubiquitous sensors in everyday life, and users require this awareness technologies to get quality of services. However, the application has been restricted due to its varieties of sensors and many different methods of communications. Therefore, IEEE 1451 standard has been published to interface between sensors and network layer. But it does not connect to a middleware because IEEE 1451 is for transducer standards. This paper presents a transducer and application interface protocol which connect to the context-aware middleware by defining a protocol to obtain context information using XML. We have implemented a bridge health monitoring system and railroad monitoring system in which different sensors and users' application are used to prove the efficacy of proposed interface protocols.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.9
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• pp.89-95
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a real-time two-dimensional bar code detection system even at long range using a vision technique. We first perform short-range detection, and then long-range detection if the short-range detection is not successful. First, edge map generation, image binarization, and connect component labeling (CCL) are performed in order to select a region of interest (ROI). After interpolating the selected ROI using bilinear interpolation, a location symbol pattern is detected as the same as for short-range detection. Finally, the symbol pattern is arranged by applying inverse perspective transformation to localize bar codes. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system successfully detects bar codes at two or three times longer distance than existing ones even at indoor environment.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.26 no.A
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• pp.29-38
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• 2006

Efficiency and universality which was the spirit of the modern age, had also an enfluence on our living environment. Various types of individual housing unit were developed and mass-produced. However, the exterior space in our city is a place for our social life and intermediate place to connect the private life of each individual to our society. For the people to adapt themselves well to their environment, it should be well organized which means it is clearly divided and integrated in a hierarchical order. To realize these conditions, adequate boundaries to divide each territory and entrances to connect each territory are two essential elements. One of the possible methods to realize these conditions can be found in korean traditional architecture where the exterior space has the same figural quality like buildings and is the center of the whole composition. Buildings, walls and colonnades are the elements to define space. Gates, pavilions, gabs between buildings and posts are the elements to symbolize the entrance connecting each space. Each exterior space is integrated to a whole composition. One is the gradual differentiation along the axis which is unique in korean traditional architecture. The other is the rectangular connection which is also found in the other area in the world. The results of this thesis are as follows. The exterior space in the housing area should have the figural quality. The elements to make boundaries defining exterior space are classified into horizontal elements such as low buildings and walls, and vertical elements such as tower-shape buildings which define space in a different way. The position of openings in a housing block affects the characteristic and openness of a exterior space. Various types of gates are used to decide the relationship between spaces.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.605-612
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• 2017

One of the biggest environmental issues that our world has been facing is climate change. In order to cope with such environmental issues, the world is putting a great deal of effort into energy conservation. The building sector, in particular, consumes 36% of the energy consumed worldwide and emits considerable amount of greenhouse gases. Therefore, introduction of renewable energies in the building sector is highly recommended. Renewable energy sources that can be utilized in the building sector include sunlight, solar heat, geothermal heat, fuel cells and wind power. The wind power generation system which converts wind energy into electrical energy has advantages in that wind is an unlimited and pollution-free resource. It is suitable to be connected to existing buildings because many years of operational experience and the enhanced stability of the system have made it possible to downsize the electrical generator. In case of existing buildings, it is necessary to consider the live loads of the buildings to connect the wind power generation system. This paper, through the connection of the wind power generation with existing buildings, promotes reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and energy independence by reducing energy consumption in the building sector. In order to connect the wind power generation system with an exciting building, the live load of the building and the area of the rooftop should be considered. The installable model is selected by comparing the live load of the building and the load of the wind power generation system. The maximum number of the wind turbines that can be installed is obtained by considering the separation distance between the wind turbines within the area of the rooftop. Installations are divided into single installations and multiple installations of two different types of wind turbines. After determining the maximum installable number, the optimal model that can achieve the maximum annual power generation will be selected by comparing the respective total annual amount of the power generation of different models.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.147-162
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• 2020

This paper presents a novel precast energy dissipation shear wall (PEDSW) structure system that using mild steel dampers as dry connectors at the vertical joints to connect adjacent wall panels. Analytical studies are systematically conducted to investigate the seismic performance of the proposed PEDSW under sequence-type ground motions. During earthquake events, earthquake sequences have the potential to cause severe damage to structures and threaten life safety. To date, the damage probability of engineering structures under earthquake sequence has not been included in structural design codes. In this study, numerical simulations on single-story PEDSW are carried out to validate the feasibility and reliability of using mild steel dampers to connect the precast shear walls. The seismic responses of the PEDSW and cast-in-place shear wall (CIPSW) are comparatively studied based on nonlinear time-history analyses, and the effectiveness of the proposed high-rise PEDSW is demonstrated. Next, the foreshock-mainshock-aftershock type earthquake sequences are constructed, and the seismic response and fragility curves of the PEDSW under single mainshock and earthquake sequences are analyzed and compared. Finally, the fragility analysis of PEDSW structure under earthquake sequences is performed. The influences of scaling factor of the aftershocks (foreshocks) to the mainshocks on the fragility of the PEDSW structure under different damage states are investigated. The numerical results reveal that neglecting the effect of earthquake sequence can lead to underestimated seismic responses and fragilities, which may result in unsafe design schemes of PEDSW structures.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.133-143
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• 2007

For the better success in the society, it is important to collect opinions from members. The progress was slow before because it was hard to collect the opinions from each member. But since we have opened the web site it gets easier to evolve with the society for microsurgery, and expect to have active participations from the members. We make 20 questions in three different groups. The researches are made on participation, development in science council that starting from 2005 October to 2007 June, education on training with member's preference to thesis and individuality and suggestion. Thus we have results following to that research. 1.75% of the members vote for the lecture has to be substantial, and also want the atmosphere of the council to be more sincere. 46.2% of members want the council to be not only exchange information but also the place to experience the social intercourse. 2. When the thesis is present and submitted that will also connect to main society. It will be counted as equal as board thesis, only if the thesis can count in both plastic & reconstructive surgery and orthopedic surgery. Then it will be scored as same as examination of board, and will be a receipt of paper by home page 3. The information-oriented project on our council is slower than what members expected. 100% of members voted yes to online thesis examination, and 66.7% of members voted for preference of web site. We need to make improvements on our web pages as soon as possible such as online payment with credit card. 4. According to the result of questionnaire, our web site helps member's participation in council and eventually become a bridge between members. We hope the questionnaires would help us to develop the council and eventually would help us to society with each other in the council. We also hope this council would be the one that connect all of us in society.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.166-174
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• 2014

Velocity gradient, G, a measure of the average velocity gradient in the fluid has been applied for complete mixing of chemicals in mechanical mixing devices. G values were calculated by the power input transferred to fluid in turbulent and transient range. Chemical reactions occur so fast that total mass transfer time required for even distribution of the chemicals determine the overall reaction time. The total mass transfer time is composed of the time for complete mixing through the reactor and for diffusion of the chemicals into the eddy. Complete mixing time was calculated by CFD (computer fluid dynamics) and evaluated by tracer tests in 2 liter jars at different rotating speeds. Turbulent range, Reynolds number above 10,000 in regular 2 liter jars occurred at revolution speed above 100 rpm (revolution per minute), while laminar range occurred at revolution speed below 10 rpm. A typical range of rotating speed used in jar tests for water and wastewater treatment was between 10 and 300 rpm, which covered both transient and turbulent range. G values supplied from a commercial jar test apparatus showed big difference from those calculated with power number specially in turbulent range. Diffusion time through eddy decreased 1.5 power-law of rotating speed. Complete mixing time determined by pumping number decreased increases in rotating speed. Total mass transfer time, finally, decreases as rotating speed increases, and it becomes 1 sec at rotating speed of 1,000 rpm. Complete mixing times evaluated from tracer tests showed higher than those calculated by power number at higher rotating speed. Complete mixing times, however, calculated by CFD showed similar to those of experimentally evaluated ones.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.989-998
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• 2020

Electronic commerce is becoming a significant hub for sourcing products/services which helps organizations to connect with potential customers and gain competitive advantages, though little empirical work focuses on small businesses operating in developing countries to date. Increasingly, companies are looking to utilize social media to connect with stakeholders and pursue several benefits. This study aims to investigate the technological, organizational, and environmental (TOE) factors that influence small- and medium-sized enterprises' (SMEs) social media (SM) adoption in developing countries. This study used a closed-ended questionnaire to collect data from randomly-selected respondents (owners, executives, and managers) from SMEs in Pakistan. SMART PLS version 3.2.8 was used for path analysis of 316 responses and for structural equation modeling. The research findings include the direct influence of TOE factors (relative advantage, interactivity, visibility, top management support, and institutional pressure) on SMEs' SM adoption, and in turn SM adoption also has a positive influence on SMEs performance. Moreover, the coefficient of determination of the study showed that 77.7% of the variation in SM adoption occurs because of TOE factors and 29.8% variation in SMEs occurred because of SM adoption. This paper has implications for practitioners and scholars interested in exploring the SM adoption and usage by SMEs.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.144-152
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• 2012

The reason why most scheduling softwares currently using at construction projects adopt PDM (Precedence Diagramming Method) is that it can express an overlapping relationship between activities. However, the overlapping relationships in PDM are represented only by combinations of four overlapping types that connect the start and finish points of two activities, therefore, PDM cannot express efficiently the relationships between any middle points of two activities if they should be represented. This research proposes the method of transforming the four overlapping types of PDM to the overlapping relationships of BDM(Beeline Diagramming Method), new networking technique, that can connect the inter-relationships at any middle points of two activities as well as express multiple overlapping relationships. The proposed method will help not only to improve an efficiency of scheduling but also to upgrade the scheduling technique because BDM technique has a lot of unique advantages in scheduling.