• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.274-279
• /
• 2016

Aphanisticus congener is a newly recorded buprestid (Coleoptera) insect pest of turfgrass in Korea. This buprestid pest was initially found from turfgrass conservation site in a greenhouse in Jinju, Gyeongnam province, Korea in July, 2014. The Aphanisticus in the family Buprestidae is a leaf miner. A. congener is the close species of A. aeneus which was firstly reported as sugarcane leaf sucker in India. A. congener was active from early July to late August in the greenhouse. Damage by the insect led to drying out and browning of turfgrass leaf because larva fed on cell sap of leaves and adult fed on leaf surface. A. congener damaged Zoysia japonica, Z. sinica, Conodon dactylon, and Poa pratensis when adults were artificially released into potted turfgrasses in the laboratory. In green house, A. congener damaged Z. japonica, Z. macrostachya, Z. matrella, Z. sinica, Conodon dactylon, and hybrid zoysiagrass. However, no damage symptoms were observed from the same turfgrass accessions in the nearby field of the greenhouse. Thus, the new coleopteran pest may be a warm-adapted pest for turfgrass, damaging turfgrass leaf only in warmer conditions.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.1-24
• /
• 2004

Since dioxins became a serious concern in Korea, a significant number of investigations have been conducted to address diverse issues related to dioxins. However, the results have not been organized for ready access and use. The principal purposes of the work were to ⅰ) provide an archive of dioxin researches in Korea and ⅱ) give an overview of dioxin contamination. The focus of this work was placed on the contamination levels and characteristics concerning the waste incinerators emissions, environmental media, and biological samples(fishes/shellfishes, foods, and human body). Principal component analysis was conducted to identify common and/or unique features and the important variables associated with the congener patterns. From a comprehensive search of academic journals, research and monitoring project reports, dissertations, and periodicals of other forms, a total of 115 counts were found that met the purposes of this study. The contamination levels of various samples were summarized and compared to those reported in foreign literatures. The congener patterns varied largely with environmental media and distinguished particularly by OCDD, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF, and OCDF for the samples within the same media. The proximity to emission sources differentiated the congener patterns in air and soil samples by the fraction of OCDD.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.139-145
• /
• 2005

한국과 캐나다에서 생산된 우유로 제조된 치즈를 슈퍼마켓에서 구매하여(한국 5종, 캐나다 10종) 치즈에 포함된 총 209 PCBs congener 농도와 homologue별 농도 양상을 연구하였다. 한국과 캐나다산 치즈중 PCBs 총농도는 각각 299.81과 200.96(pg/g w.w.)으로 한국산 치즈중 PCBs 농도가 캐나다산 치즈보다 1.5배 더 높았다. 그러나 TEQ 농도는 한국산과 캐나다산이 각각 0.0067과 0.0064(pg-TEQ/g w.w.)으로 거의 같았으며, PCDD/Fs는 전혀 검출이 되지 않았다. 한국과 캐나다산 치즈에서 검출된 PCBs와 PCDD/Fs 농도는 세계 다른 지역에서 제조된 치즈중 농도보다 훨씬 낮았다. 두 나라의 치즈에서 검출된 PCBs congener수는 한국산이 93종, 캐나다산이 83종으로 한국산 치즈에서 10종 더 많은 PCBs congener가 검출되었다. 두 나라 치즈중 각 PCBs congener 농도에서 구한 회귀직선의 결정계수$(R^2)$는 0.752로 상관성이 커서 두 나라의 PCBs 발생원이 유사함을 알 수 있었고, 각 homologue별 농도 분포도 유사성이 컸다.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.151-158
• /
• 1999

국내 4대강 주요 하천 저니토양중 PCB 오염도를 각 congener별로 또는 총량으로서 GC/MS를 사용하여 정량하였다. 그 결과 4대강의 주요 지천중 SS지점 근처의 저니토에서 총 PCBs가 가장높은 $290.87{\mu}g/kg$이었고 OS지점에서도 비교적 높은 $221.11{\mu}g/kg$이었으며 저니중 유기물 함량과 상관관계가 있었다. Congener-specific analysis에 의해 하천수 및 저니토 시료에서 공통적으로 검출된 대표적 congener는 IUPAC No 66, 74, 90, 101, 105, 110, 118, 138, 149, 153, 180, 187였다. 본 연구결과 저니토에서는 tetraCBs 및 pentaCBs가 다른 polyCBs에 비해 비교적 높은 농도로 검출되었다. 이상의 연구결과를 통해 국내의 주요 하천의 저니토중 PCB의 오염정도는 매우 심각한 정도는 아니나 좀더 많은 시료를 분석하는 정말조사가 필요하다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제18권9호
• /
• pp.1564-1571
• /
• 2008

We investigated whether the threshold concentration for polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) dechlorination may be lower in biosurfactant-amended sediments compared with biosurfactant-free samples. At PCB concentrations of 40, 60, and 120 ppm, the surfactant amendment enhanced the PCB dechlorination rate at all concentrations and the rate was also faster at higher concentrations. On a congener group basis, dechlorination proceeded largely with group A (congeners with low threshold) in both surfactant-free and -amended sediments, accumulating mainly group C (residual products of dechlorination) congeners, and surfactant enhanced the dechlorination rate of group A congeners. Since the PCB threshold concentration for the inoculum in the experiment was lower than 40 ppm, we carried out another experiment using sediments with lower PCB concentrations, 10, 20, and 30 ppm. Sediments with 100 ppm were also performed to measure dechlorination at a PCB saturation concentration. Comparison between the plateaus exhibited that the extent of dechlorination below 40 ppm PCBs was much lower than that at a saturation concentration of 100 ppm. There was no significant difference in the extent of dechlorination between surfactant-free and -amended sediments. Moreover, surfactant did not change the congener specificity or broaden the congener spectrum for dechlorination at PCB concentrations below 40 ppm. Taken together, it seems that at a given PCB concentration, dechlorination characteristics of dechlorinating populations may be determined by not only the congener specificity of the microorganisms but also the affinity of dechlorinating enzyme(s) to individual PCB congeners.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.347-354
• /
• 2004

본 연구에서는 낙동강과 그 유역에 서식하는 붕어와 황소개구리 체내의 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)의 축적도와 분포특성을 조사하였다. 낙동강의 구미부터 하구언까지 모두 5개 지점에서 붕어와 황소개구리를 채집하였으며, 이들의 근육 부분을 최종 분석시료로 하였다. PCBs의 정량분석은 GC-MSD 시스템으로 처리하였으며, PCBs 총농도를 대변할 수 있는 62개 congener를 분석항목으로 선정하였다. 붕어에서는 모두 24개의 congener가 검출되었고 총 PCBs 농도는 0.74~5.41 ng/g wet weight 범위로 나타났다. 황소개구리에서는 낙동강 하구언 1개 지점에서 단지 2개의 congener가 검출되었고 그 농도도 0.24 ng/g wet weight로서 붕어보다 약 22배 정도 낮게 검출되었다. 전체적으로, PCB 153이 가장 높게 검출된 congener이고, penta- 및 hexa-CBs가 총 PCBs의 78%를 차지하였다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.249-258
• /
• 2008

Historical emission data for 11 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and a regional multimedia environmental model, CoZMo-POP 2, were used to predict air concentrations and congener patterns in Korea. The total emission value for South Korea was allocated to sub-provinces and cities based on their population. The spatial distribution of PCB emissions was generally correlated with that of measured atmospheric levels, suggesting that population could be a good surrogate for the intensity of PCB emission in Korea. The simulated time trends of air concentrations well reflected those of emission with a peak in the mid-1970s and insignificant levels in the 2030s. The model predicted that the contribution of volatile PCBs had increased after emission reduction iii the 1970s. This trend would continue until the early 2030s. The measured and modeled PCB levels in the 2000s were in an agreement of an order of magnitude, and their congener patterns were very similar. Consequently, despite of high uncertainty for emission estimates, the emission data for Korea used in this study is considered to be reliable. The results of this study could be compared with simulation data based on a new emission inventory to be developed by measurements in the near future.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.55-63
• /
• 2007

PCDD/Fs monitoring was carried out to estimate the contamination level in soil samples taken in the vicinity of the various incinerators throughout South Korea from July 2003 to December 2004. The levels ranged from N.D. to 130.39 pg I-TEQ/g (d.w.) with an average concentration of 11.38 pg I-TEQ/g (d.w.). The level of PCDD/Fs in this study is similar to that of other countries. Overall, the highest mean concentration in the soil was found at 250 m from the stack. In addition, the flue gases were analyzed in order to obtain the congener profiles of the PCDD/Fs emitted from the incinerators. The concentration of I-TEQ in the flue gas ranged from 0.33 to 21.5 ng TEQ/$Sm^3$. These levels were much lower than the concentration stipulated in the Korean emission criterion(40 ng TEQ/$Sm^3$ until 2005). The comparison of the congener patterns using cluster analysis showed that the incinerators and PCP are sources of PCDD/Fs in the soil samples according to the sampling point, but the possibility of unidentified combustion sources and vehicles exists in the case of complex industrial regions.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.27-35
• /
• 2005

Bupleurum euphorbioides is isolated and restricted to high mountains in Korea northeastern China. Its conservation depends on whether it is threatened by inbreeding or a loss of genetic diversity. We compared the genetic variability in B. euphorbioides with B. longiradiatum, a widespread congener, to understand how they differ in their population genetic structure. Although B. euphorbioides showed a little lower genetic variability than B. longiradiatum, $F_{IS}$ statistics for most loci were strongly positive in both B. euphorbioides (0.445) and B. longiradiatum (0.553). In addition, B. euphorbioides showed higher mean $F_{ST}$ value than B. longiradiatum (0.297 vs 0.194). It might be due to the polycarpic nature of B. longiradiatum, which holds higher genetic potentials effectively in homogeneous environment than the monocarpic B. euphorbioides. The results suggested that B. euphorbioides is a genetically viable species, and that they are threatened primarily by environmental factor.

• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국환경과학회 1998년도 가을 학술발표회 프로그램
• /
• pp.188-190
• /
• 1998