• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2016

Trichomonas vaginalis causes the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Trichomonads have been detected in prostatic tissues from prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate cancer. Chronic prostatic inflammation is known as a risk factor for prostate enlargement, benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms, and acute urinary retention. Our aim was to investigate whether T. vaginalis could induce inflammatory responses in cells of a benign prostatic hyperplasia epithelial cell line (BPH-1). When BPH-1 cells were infected with T. vaginalis, the protein and mRNA of inflammatory cytokines, such as CXCL8, CCL2, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6, were increased. The activities of TLR4, ROS, MAPK, JAK2/STAT3, and NF-${\kappa}B$ were also increased, whereas inhibitors of ROS, MAPK, PI3K, NF-${\kappa}B$, and anti-TLR4 antibody decreased the production of the 4 cytokines although the extent of inhibition differed. However, a JAK2 inhibitor inhibited only IL-6 production. Culture supernatants of the BPH-1 cells that had been incubated with live T. vaginalis (trichomonad-conditioned medium, TCM) contained the 4 cytokines and induced the migration of human monocytes (THP-1 cells) and mast cells (HMC-1 cells). TCM conditioned by BPH-1 cells pretreated with NF-${\kappa}B$ inhibitor showed decreased levels of cytokines and induced less migration. Therefore, it is suggested that these cytokines are involved in migration of inflammatory cells. These results suggest that T. vaginalis infection of BPH patients may cause inflammation, which may induce lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.503-511
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• 2018

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is known to play a critical role in breast cancer metastasis to bone. In this study, we tried to investigate any role of LPA in the regulation of osteoclastogenic cytokines from breast cancer cells and the possibility of these secretory factors in affecting osteoclastogenesis. Effect of secreted cytokines on osteoclastogenesis was analyzed by treating conditioned media from LPA-stimulated breast cancer cells to differentiating osteoclasts. Result demonstrated that IL-8 and IL-11 expression were upregulated in LPA-treated MDA-MB-231 cells. IL-8 was induced in both MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468, however, IL-11 was induced only in MDA-MB-231, suggesting differential LPARs participation in the expression of these cytokines. Expression of IL-8 but not IL-11 was suppressed by inhibitors of PI3K, NF-kB, ROCK and PKC pathways. In the case of PKC activation, it was observed that $PKC{\delta}$ and $PKC{\mu}$ might regulate LPA-induced expression of IL-11 and IL-8, respectively, by using specific PKC subtype inhibitors. Finally, conditioned Medium from LPA-stimulated breast cancer cells induced osteoclastogenesis. In conclusion, LPA induced the expression of osteolytic cytokines (IL-8 and IL-11) in breast cancer cells by involving different LPA receptors. Enhanced expression of IL-8 by LPA may be via ROCK, PKCu, PI3K, and NFkB signaling pathways, while enhanced expression of IL-11 might involve $PKC{\delta}$ signaling pathway. LPA has the ability to enhance breast cancer cells-mediated osteoclastogenesis by inducing the secretion of cytokines such as IL-8 and IL-11.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.1823-1825
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• 2005

Angiogenesis is tightly regulated by a variety of angiogenic activators and inhibitors. Disruption of the balanced angiogenesis leads to the progress of diseases such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetic blindness. Even though a number of proteins involved in angiogenesis have been identified so far, more protein factors remain to be identified due to complexity of the process. Here I report that pituitary tumor-transforming gene (PTTG) induces migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). High levels of both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) are detected in conditioned medium obtained from cells transfected with PTTG expression plasmid. Taken together, these results suggest that PTTG is an angiogenic factor that induces production of both VEGF and bFGF.

• BMB Reports
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.266-272
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• 1999

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system consisting of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF-receptors, and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) regulates the proliferation of a variety of cancer cell types. To examine whether a decrease in endogenous IGFBP-3 stimulates proliferation or inhibits differentiation, Caco-2 cells, a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line, were stably transfected with an anti-sense IGFBP-3 expression construct or pcDNA3 vector as control. Accumulation of IGFBP-3 mRNA and secretion of IGFBP-3 into serum-free conditioned medium, 9 days after plating, were significantly lower in Caco-2 cell clones transfected with anti-sense IGFBP-3 cDNA compared to the controls. The anti-sense clones grew at a similar rate to the controls for 8 days after plating, but achieved a higher final density between days 10 and 12. The levels of sucrase-isomaltase mRNA, a marker of enterocyte differentiation of Caco-2 cells, were lower in the anti-sense clones examined on day 9. In conclusion, proliferation of Caco-2 cells can be stimulated by lowering endogenously-produced IGFBP-3.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국약용작물학회 2008년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.449-450
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• 2008

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2002

Modern furniture is mostly made of panel products such as a glue-up panel, a particle board and a medium density fiberboard(MDF). Warping is a major defect of these panel products resulting in degrading final products. In this study the factors related to the warping of a glue-up panel and MDF were investigated by comparing the physical properties of warped specimens with those of the unwarped. The differences between the moisture contents measured on the both surfaces of specimens were found to mainly influence the warping of glue-up panel specimens whether conditioned or not. The average oven-dry density of warped glue-up panel specimens was definitely higher than that of the unwarped at l% significance level. For MDF the influencing factor on warping has not been revealed yet, however it was found that the conditioning reduced the number of warped specimens.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.735-749
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• 2015

The major difficulty of using Bayesian probabilistic inference for system identification is to obtain the posterior probability density of parameters conditioned by the measured response. The posterior density of structural parameters indicates how plausible each model is when considering the uncertainty of prediction errors. The Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method is a widespread medium for posterior inference but its convergence is often slow. The differential evolution adaptive Metropolis-Hasting (DREAM) algorithm boasts a population-based mechanism, which nms multiple different Markov chains simultaneously, and a global optimum exploration ability. This paper proposes an improved differential evolution adaptive Metropolis-Hasting algorithm (IDREAM) strategy to estimate the posterior density of structural parameters. The main benefit of IDREAM is its efficient MCMC simulation through its use of the adaptive Metropolis (AM) method with a mutation strategy for ensuring quick convergence and robust solutions. Its effectiveness was demonstrated in simulations on identifying the structural parameters with limited output data and noise polluted measurements.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 1983

The synthesis of myosin, actin, tropomyosin and troponin in the cultured muscle cells of chick embryo during the differentiation were analyzed. The synthesis of myosin and actin were very active prior to the myoblast fusion while the troponin synthesis became active after the fusion. Tropomyosin was synthesized practically constantly throughout the culture period. Several proteins were detected in the muscle-conditioned medium strongly suggesting that the cells in culture released polypeptides which might act on the membrane of neighboring cells cells to initiate the fusion.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.166.1-166.1
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• 2003

Autotaxin (ATX) is a 125-kDa glycoprotein and a strong motogen that can increase invasiveness and angiogenesis, originally isolated from the conditioned medium of human melanoma A2058 cells. And it is a strong. Recently, we suggested that ATX promotes motility via G protein-coupled PI3K$\gamma$, and Cdc42/Racl are essential for ATX-induced tumor cell motility in A2058 melanoma cells. In the present study, we found that activation of p21-activated kinase1 (PAK1) was required for ATX-induced cell motility. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.325.1-325.1
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• 2002

Cell motility plays important physiological roles in embryogenesis. immune defense. wound healing. and metastasis of tumor cells. Cell motility of normal cells is tightly regulated. while tumor cell motility is aberrantly regulated or autoregulated. Autotaxin (ATX) is a 125-kDa glycoprotein. originally isolated from the conditioned medium of human melanoma A2058 cells. ATX stimulates random (chemokinetic) and directed (chemotactic) motility of human tumor cells at high picomolar to low nanomolar concentrations. (omitted)