• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.759-769
• /
• 2018

This paper studies shear and tensile behaviors of headed stud connectors in double skin composite (DSC) structure. Firstly, 11 push-out tests and 11 tensile tests were performed to investigate the ultimate shear and tensile behaviors of headed stud in DSC shear wall, respectively. The main parameters investigated in this test program were height and layout of headed stud connectors. The test results reported the representative failure modes of headed studs in DSC structures subjected to shear and tension. The shear-slip and tension-elongation behaviors of headed studs in DSC structures were also reported. Influences of different parameters on these shear-slip and tension-elongation behaviors of headed studs were discussed and analyzed. Analytical models were also developed to predict the ultimate shear and tensile resistances of headed stud connectors in DSC shear walls. The developed analytical model incorporated the influence of the dense layout of headed studs in DSC shear walls. The validations of analytical predictions against 22 test results confirmed the accuracy of developed analytical models.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제85권3호
• /
• pp.337-351
• /
• 2023

In this paper, the shear behavior of soft filling in rectangular-hollow concrete specimens was simulated using the 2D particle flow code (PFC2D). The laboratory-measured properties were used to calibrate some PFC2D micro-properties for modeling the behavior of geo-materials. The dimensions of prepared and modeled samples were 100 mm×100 mm. Some disc type narrow bands were removed from the central part of the model and different lengths of bridge areas (i.e., the distance between internal tips of two joints) with lengths of 30 mm, 50 mm, and 70 mm were produced. Then, the middle of the rectangular hollow was filled with cement material. Three filling sizes with dimensions of 5 mm×5 mm, 10 mm×5 mm, and 15 mm×5 mm were provided for different modeled samples. The parallel bond model was used to calibrate and re-produce these modeled specimens. Therefore, totally, 9 different types of samples were designed for the shear tests in PFC2D. The shear load was gradually applied to the model under a constant loading condition of 3 MPa (σc/3). The loading was continued till shear failure occur in the modeled concrete specimens. It has been shown that both tensile and shear cracks may occur in the fillings. The shear cracks mainly initiated from the crack (joint) tips and coalesced with another one. The shear displacements and shear strengths were both increased as the filling dimensions increased (for the case of a bridge area with a particular fixed length).

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2017

Reinforced concrete shear wall is one of the most common structural forms for high-rise buildings, and seismic energy dissipation techniques, which are effective means to control structural vibration response, are being increasingly used in engineering. Reinforced concrete-mild steel damper stiffness-tandem energy dissipation coupling beams are a new technology being gradually adopted by more construction projects since being proposed. Research on this technology is somewhat deficient, and this paper investigates design principles and methods for two types of mild steel dampers commonly used for energy dissipation coupling beams. Based on the conception design of R.C. shear wall structure and mechanics principle, the basic design theories and analytic expressions for the related optimization parameters of dampers at elastic stage, yield stage, and limit state are derived. The outcomes provide technical support and reference for application and promotion of reinforced concrete-mild steel damper stiffness-tandem energy dissipation coupling beam in engineering practice.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.41-47
• /
• 2016

본 연구에서는 콘크리트에 표면매입된 FRP판의 부착거동에서, 전단키와 연단거리의 효과를 관찰하기 위한 부착시험을 실시하였다. 실험에서의 주요변수는 전단키의 위치, 형태 그리고 연단길이이다. 규격 $3.6mm{\times}16mm$의 FRP를 $400mm{\times}200(300)mm{\times}400mm$ 규격의 콘크리트 블록에 매입하고 에폭시로 고정시켜서 실험변수에 따라 총 10개의 부착실험체를 제작하였다. FRP의 연단에 인장력을 가한 뒤 파괴시까지 실험을 실시하고 하중을 기록하였으며, 미끄러짐과 FRP의 인장변형량을 기록하였다. 실험으로부터, 전단키의 위치는 가력부에서 멀리 떨어질수록 전단강도가 상승하는 것으로 나타났으며, 전단키의 직경이 커질수록 내력이 저하되는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 전단키가 일정 이상의 규격이 되면 전단키가 없는 경우에 비하여 내력이 저하되어 오히려 부착강도에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. NSM FRP에서 응력장용방향의 연단거리가 길어짐에 따라 동일 부착길이임에도 불구하고 내력이 일부 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 표면매입 보강된 FRP의 부착실험에서, FRP와 콘크리트사이의 부착-미끄러짐은 전체거동을 지배하는 것으로 나타나므로 이에 따른 과도한 미끄러짐은 설계에 반드시 고려될 필요가 있다.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.825-846
• /
• 2015

In this study, shear tests on steel fiber reinforced-prestressed concrete (SFR-PSC) members were conducted with test parameters of the concrete compressive strength, the volume fraction of steel fibers, and the level of effective prestress. The SFR-PSC members showed higher shear strengths and stiffness after diagonal cracking compared to the conventional prestressed concrete (PSC) members without steel fibers. In addition, their shear deformational behavior was measured using the image-based non-contact displacement measurement system, which was then compared to the results of nonlinear finite element analyses (NLFEA). In the NLFEA proposed in this study, a bi-axial tensile behavior model, which can reflect the tensile behavior of the steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) in a simple manner, was introduced into the smeared crack truss model. The NLFEA model proposed in this study provided a good estimation of shear behavior of the SFRPSC members, such as the stiffness, strengths, and failure modes, reflecting the effect of the key influential factors.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.509-518
• /
• 2024

In this study, we investigated the effect of shear-key placement on the performance of grouted connections in offshore wind-turbine structures. Considering the challenges of height control during installation, we designed and analyzed three grouted connection configurations. We compared the crack patterns and strain distribution in the shear keys under axial loading. The results indicate that the misalignment of shear keys significantly influences the ultimate load capacity of grouted connections. Notably, when the shear keys were positioned facing each other, the ultimate load decreased by approximately 15%, accompanied by the propagation of irregular cracks in the upper shear keys. Furthermore, the model with 50% misalignment in the shear-key placement exhibited the highest ultimate strength, indicating a more efficient load resistance than the reference model. This indicates that tensile-load-induced cracking and the formation of compressive struts in opposite directions significantly affect the structural integrity of grouted connections. These results demonstrate the importance of considering buckling effects in the design of grouted connections, particularly given the thin and slender nature of the inner sleeves. This study provides valuable insights into the design and analysis of offshore wind-turbine structures, highlighting the need for refined design formulas that account for shifts in shear-key placement and their structural implications.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제76권3호
• /
• pp.337-354
• /
• 2020

Reinforced concrete beam-column (RCBC) joints of laterally loaded unbraced frames are sometimes controlled by their shear behavior. This behavior relies on multiple and interdependent complex mechanisms. There are already several studies on the influence of some parameters on the shear strength of reinforced concrete joints. However, there are no studies methodically tackling all the most relevant parameters and quantifying their influence on the overall joint behavior, not just on its shear strength. Hence, considering the prohibitive cost of a comprehensive parametric experimental investigation, a nonlinear finite element analysis (NLFEA) was undertaken to identify the key factors affecting the shear behavior of such joints and quantify their influence. The paper presents and discusses the models employed in this NLFEA and the procedure used to deduce the joint behavior from the NLFEA results. Three alternative, or complementary, quantities related to shear are considered when comparing results, namely, the maximum shear stress supported by the joint, the secant shear stiffness at maximum shear stress and the secant shear stiffness in service conditions. Depending on which of these is considered, the lower or higher the relevance of each of the six parameters investigated: transverse reinforcement in the joint, intermediate longitudinal bars and diagonal bars in the column, concrete strength, column axial load and confining elements in transverse direction.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제56권1호
• /
• pp.78-91
• /
• 2024

Double steel plate concrete composite shear wall (SCSW) has been widely utilized in nuclear power plants and high-rise structures, and its shear connectors have a substantial impact on the seismic performance of SCSW. Therefore, in this study, the mechanical properties of SCSW with angle stiffening ribs as shear connections were parametrically examined for the reactor containment structure of nuclear power plants. The axial compression ratio of the SCSW, the spacing of the angle stiffening rib arrangement and the thickness of the angle stiffening rib steel plate were selected as the study parameters. Four finite element models were constructed by using the finite element program named ABAQUS to verify the experimental results of our team, and 13 finite element models were established to investigate the selected three parameters. Thus, the shear capacity, deformation capacity, ductility and energy dissipation capacity of SCSW were determined. The research results show that: compared with studs, using stiffened ribs as shear connectors can significantly enhance the mechanical properties of SCSW; When the axial compression ratio is 0.3-0.4, the seismic performance of SCSW can be maximized; with the lowering of stiffener gap, the shear bearing capacity is greatly enhanced, and when the gap is lowered to a specific distance, the shear bearing capacity has no major affect; in addition, increasing the thickness of stiffeners can significantly increase the shear capacity, ductility and energy dissipation capacity of SCSW. With the rise in the thickness of angle stiffening ribs, the improvement rate of each mechanical property index slows down. Finally, the shear bearing capacity calculation formula of SCSW with angle stiffening ribs as shear connectors is derived. The average error between the theoretical calculation formula and the finite element calculation results is 8% demonstrating that the theoretical formula is reliable. This study can provide reference for the design of SCSW.

• 콘크리트학회지
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.181-189
• /
• 1996

PC판넬 조립식 구조는 다양한 접합부 상세로 인하여 구조적인 거동 규명이 매우 어려우므로 패널 상호 접합부 거동에 대하여 역학적 거동을 규명하고 이를 정립하여 실용적인 설계 방안이 제시되어야 할 필요가 있다. 이 연구는 대형판 조립식 구조의 수직접합부 전단키의 적절한 형상을 제안하여 전단내력을 결정하는 식 중 일반적으로 가장 작게 계산되는 전단키의 지압내력에 관한 식을 개선하는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 전단키 지압내력에 영향을 주는 그라우트의 압축 가도, 전단키의 각도 및 지압면적 등을 변수로 총 21개의 시험체를 제작하여 실험하였다. 실험결과를 분석.검토한 결과를 정리하면 그라우트의 압축 강도가 증가할 때에 지압내력은 강도 증가에 비례하여 증가하는 반면 지압면적에 대하여는 면적 증가에 비례하여 강도가 증가되지는 않았다. 또한 전단키를 이루는 각도는 지압내력에 중요한 영향을 미치며 전단키 각도가 $20^{\circ}$에 근접할 때에 최대지압내력값을 나타내었다.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.153-162
• /
• 2021

This paper aims to simulate the isotropic elastic damage theory of Liu Jun (2012) using the self-programmed UMAT subroutine in the interface of ABAQUS. Liu Jun (2012)'s method based on the mechanic theory can not be used interactively with the currently commonly used finite element software ABAQUS. The advantage of this method in the paper is that it can interact with ABAQUS and provide a constitutive program framework that can be modified according to user need. The model retains the two scalar damage variables and the corresponding two energy dissipation mechanisms and damage criteria for considering the tensile and compressive asymmetry of concrete. Taking C45 concrete as an example, the relevant damage evolution parameters of its tensile and compressive constitutive model are given. The study demonstrates that the uniaxial tensile stress calculated by the subroutine is almost the same as the Chinese Concrete Design Specification (GB50010) before the peak stress, but ends soon after the peak stress. The stress-strain curve of uniaxial compression calculated by the subroutine is in good agreement with the peak stress in Chinese Concrete Design Specification (GB50010), but there is a certain deviation in the descending stage. In addition, this paper uses the newly compiled subroutine to simulate the shear bearing capacity of the shear key in a new structural system, namely the open-web sandwich slab. The results show that the damage constitutive subroutine has certain reliability.