• 한국안전학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2019

Recently, a variety of special concrete structures have been designed in domestic and overseas construction markets and more advanced construction technology is required. Therefore, it is necessary to secure quantitative construction technology. For this purpose, it is essential to develop a standard reference material having a constant flow performance and quality to evaluate quantitative performance. On the other hand, the flowability of the concrete is greatly influenced by the flowability of the cement paste. Also, in consideration of design strength and workability, mix design is carried out at various mixing ratios according to the purpose of the site. Therefore, in this study, based on the derived components of standard reference materials for cement paste, we suggested mixing ratio of standard reference materials that can uniformly simulate the flow characteristics of cement paste according to W/C. As a result, it was found that the yield stress was determined by the ratio of water and glycerol but plastic viscosity was controled by limestone content. Finally, the ratio of standard reference materials to simulate the rheological range of cement paste by W/C was suggested.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.149-165
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• 2011

In this paper, the effects of both pozzolans and (steel and poly-propylene) fibers on the mechanical properties of roller compacted concrete are studied. Specimens for the experiments were made using a soil-based approach; thus, the Kango's vibration hammer was used for compaction. The tests in the first stage were carried out to determine the optimal moisture requirements for mix designs using cubic $150{\times}150{\times}150$ mm specimens. In the tests of the second stage, the mechanical behaviors of the main specimens made using the optimal moisture obtained in the previous stage were evaluated using 28, 90, and 210 day cubic specimens. The mechanical properties of RCC pavements were evaluated using a soil-based compaction method and the optimum moisture content obtained from the pertaining experiments, and by adding different percentages of Iranian pozzolans as well as different amounts of steel fibers, each one accompanied by 0.1% of poly-propylene fibers. Using pozzolans, maximum increase in compressive strength was observed to occur between 28 and 90 days of age, rupture modulus was found to decrease, but toughness indices did not change considerably. The influence of steel fibers on compressive strength was often more significant than that of PP fibers, but neither steel nor PP fibers did contribute to increase in the rupture modulus independently. Also, the toughness indices increased when steel fibers were used.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제70권6호
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• pp.671-681
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• 2019

This paper examines the applicability of artificial neural network (ANN) and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) to predict the compressive strength of bacteria incorporated geopolymer concrete (GPC). The mix is composed of new bacterial strain, manufactured sand, ground granulated blast furnace slag, silica fume, metakaolin and fly ash. The concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is maintained at 8 Molar, sodium silicate ($Na_2SiO_3$) to NaOH weight ratio is 2.33 and the alkaline liquid to binder ratio of 0.35 and ambient curing temperature ($28^{\circ}C$) is maintained for all the mixtures. In ANN, back-propagation training technique was employed for updating the weights of each layer based on the error in the network output. Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was used for feed-forward back-propagation. MARS model was developed by establishing a relationship between a set of predictors and dependent variables. MARS is based on a divide and conquers strategy partitioning the training data sets into separate regions; each gets its own regression line. Six models based on ANN and MARS were developed to predict the compressive strength of bacteria incorporated GPC for 1, 3, 7, 28, 56 and 90 days. About 70% of the total 84 data sets obtained from experiments were used for development of the models and remaining 30% data was utilized for testing. From the study, it is observed that the predicted values from the models are found to be in good agreement with the corresponding experimental values and the developed models are robust and reliable.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제86권2호
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• pp.181-195
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• 2023

To predict the rheological behaviours along with the compressive strength of self-compacting concrete that incorporates environmentally friendly ingredients as cement substitutes, a comparative evaluation of machine learning methods is conducted. To model four parameters, slump flow diameter, L-box ratio, V-funnel time, as well as compressive strength at 28 days-a complete mix design dataset from available pieces of literature is gathered and used to construct the suggested machine learning standards, SVM, MARS, and Mp5-MT. Six input variables-the amount of binder, the percentage of SCMs, the proportion of water to the binder, the amount of fine and coarse aggregates, and the amount of superplasticizer are grouped in a particular pattern. For optimizing the hyper-parameters of the MARS model with the lowest possible prediction error, a gravitational search algorithm (GSA) is required. In terms of the correlation coefficient for modelling slump flow diameter, L-box ratio, V-funnel duration, and compressive strength, the prediction results showed that MARS combined with GSA could improve the accuracy of the solo MARS model with 1.35%, 11.1%, 2.3%, as well as 1.07%. By contrast, Mp5-MT often demonstrates greater identification capability and more accurate prediction in comparison to MARS-GSA, and it may be regarded as an efficient approach to forecasting the rheological behaviors and compressive strength of SCC in infrastructure practice.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2021년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.146-147
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• 2021

An increase in carbon emissions leads to the problem of global warming and is an issue to be solved in other countries. The problem of carbon dioxide has many effects not only on global warming but also on people. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 4.3 million people have died because harmful substances generated indoors cannot be discharged to the outside and accumulate in the human body through the respiratory tract. In response to this situation, in order to reduce the generation of pollutants in the building itself, soak into lightweight bubble concrete to adsorb and purify indoor pollutants, mix charcoal, investigate the appropriate amount and physical characteristics, and check carbon dioxide This is an experiment for grasping the adsorption capacity, and the results are as follows. As the replacement rate of rice husk charcoal increased, the compressive strength tended to decrease, and the carbon dioxide reduction rate tended to increase. It is judged that the charcoal of rice husks shows a low density and the physical adsorption is smooth due to the porous structure. Since it is excellent in the basic physical properties and carbon dioxide adsorption surface of this experiment, it is judged that it has sufficient potential for use as an indoor finishing material.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.435-444
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• 2012

기준재령 염소이온 확산계수를 측정하기 위하여 고성능 콘크리트 배합을 선정하고 공시체를 제작하였다. 배합은 해양환경에 건설되는 교량에 적합하도록 선정되었으며 배합설계 변수는 결합재 종류, 물-결합재비, 광물질 혼화재 치환율, 잔골재 종류, 고강도 및 고유동성을 얻기 위한 화학 혼화제 종류, 목표 슬럼프 또는 슬럼프 플로우이다. 시험 결과로부터 기준재령 염소이온 확산계수는 결합재 종류와 그 치환율에 따라 크게 다름을 확인하고, 결합재 종류와 치환율을 고려한 기준재령 확산계수 모델을 개발하였다. 개발된 모델의 확산계수를 기존 모델의 확산계수 및 추가 확산 계수 측정시험 결과 비교하여 개발된 모델의 타당성을 확인하였다.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2011

고로슬래그를 다량으로 혼입한 콘크리트를 동절기에 시공할 경우에는 배합에 따라서 응결과 경화가 현저히 지연되어 초기동해를 받을 위험성이 높다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 동절기에 고로슬래그를 다량으로 혼입한 콘크리트가 재령 초기에 동결을 받은 경우를 상정하여 초기동해가 콘크리트의 압축강도와 동결융해 저항성에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 그 결과, 고로슬래그를 다량으로 혼입한 콘크리트는 초기동해를 받음으로써 압축강도와 동결융해 저항성 모두가 현저히 저하되고, 고로슬래그를 혼입하지 않은 일반콘크리트에 비해서 특히 동결융해 저항성이 크게 저하되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.58-64
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• 2010

지반과 터널라이닝의 상호작용을 고려한 GLI모델은 기존의 Terzaghi 이완하중과 골조모델을 이용한 방법에 비해 터널의 2차라이닝(콘크리트라이닝)에 작용하는 지반하중을 합리적으로 경감할 수 있음이 입증된 바 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기존의 골조모델을 이용하여 설계된 OO선O공구의 콘크리트라이닝에 대해 GLI모델을 도입한 현장설계를 통해 경제성 및 시공성을 개선하였다. 다양한 안전측 고려사항에도 불구하고 철근량의 약 50%가 감소하여 철근자재비를 감소시킬 수 있었고 적정한 철근간격을 확보하여 콘크리트 밀실충전이 용이하였다. 지반조건이 불량한 터널일 수록 더 큰 철근량 절감효과가 있었으며, 이는 Terzaghi 이완하중이 불량한 지반에서 과도하게 산정되기 때문이다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.821-828
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• 2005

To investigate the role of RH and temperature on the transport of chloride in the concrete, two groups of specimens were configured. For both groups, mix design was based on w/c=0.45, $400kg/m^3$ cement, $794kg/m^3$ fine aggregate and $858kg/m^3$ coarse aggregate. After specimen fabrication these were exposed to four different RH (35, 55, 75 and $95\%$ RH) and temperature (0, 20, 30 and $40^{\circ}C$) conditions. After 3 and 6 months $15\%$ NaCl exposure 5mm cores were taken. These cores were sliced and individual cores were ground to powder. In addition, to evaluate the effect of temperature on the chloride binding some powder samples were leached in the each of four temperature chambers. Chloride titration fur these was performed using FDOT acid titration method. Based upon the resultant data conclusions were reached regarding that 1) effective diffusion coefficient, $D_e$, increased with increasing exposure RH, suggesting that the size and number of water paths increased with elevated moisture content in the specimens, 2) $D_e$ increased with increasing temperature in the range of 0 to $40^{\circ}C$ possibly by elevated thermal activation of chloride ions and reduced chloride binding at higher temperature, 3) water soluble chloride concentration, $[Cl^-]_s$, increased with increasing temperature, and 4) chloride concentration profile for initially dry concrete specimens was higher than for the initially wet ones indicating pronounced capillary suction (sorption) occurred for the dry concrete specimens.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.53-65
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• 2007

축소모형을 이용한 철근콘크리트 구조물 발파해체 시 구조물의 붕괴거동을 분석하기 위해서는 축소모형 부재에 대한 적절한 축소율 산정과 축소모형 부재를 구성하는 재료의 역학적 특성이 원형 철근콘크리트 부재와 상사되어야 한다. 본 연구에서 축소모형의 상사법칙은 밀도를 기준으로 산정하였고, 콘크리트 표준시방서와 콘크리트 구조설계기준에 의해 축소모형 철근콘크리트의 배합 및 배근을 기술하였다. 또한 축소모형 콘크리트의 축소율은 굵은골재 최대치수를 고려하여 부재 단면 길이를 1/5로 축소하였고, 축소모형 철근의 축소율은 공칭지름을 1/5로 축소하였다. 축소모형에 대한 역학적 실험결과로부터 제안된 상사법칙을 적용함으로써 축소모형 콘크리트의 평균압축강도 및 축소모형 철근의 평균항복강도가 상사관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났다.