• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.39-54
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• 2015

Relative humidity and strains within a massive concrete cylinder (${\varphi}450mm{\times}900mm$) in the drying and the re-saturating process were measured for elucidating the process of ASR surface cracking in concrete. The expansion behavior of mortars in dry atmospheres with various R.H. values and the resaturating process was revealed. Non- or less-expansive layers were formed in near-surface regions in the concrete cylinder in the drying process, but ASR expansions actively progressed in inner portions. After resaturating, R.H. values of near-surface regions rapidly increased with time, but expansions in the regions were found to be very small. However, in the middle portions, of which R.H. values were kept 80% ~ 90% R.H. in the drying process, expansion actively progressed, resulting in further development of surface cracks in the re-saturating process.

• 한국도로학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국도로학회 2001년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.65-71
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• 2001

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate the flexural strengthening effects of CF(Carbon Fiber) sheet for the full-scale RC beams with multi-layer CF sheets. The partial strength reduction factors of CF sheets are suggested from the full-scale RC beams tests strengthened with multi-layer CF sheets up to six layers as well as material tests. From the material tensile tests, it was observed that the average tensile strengths of CF sheets per layer are decreased as the number of CF sheets is increased. Also the steep strength reductions of CF sheets in material test results at rupture are observed compared with the structural tests results for the full-scale RC beams strengthened with multi-layer CF sheets. Finally, the partial strength reduction factors far CF sheets up to six layers are suggested considering the effects of multi-layer and unit weight of CF sheets.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.237-249
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• 2017

The Self-Organization Feature Map as an unsupervised network is very widely used these days in engineering science. The applied network in this paper is the Self Organization Feature Map with constant weights which includes Kohonen Network. In this research, Reinforced Concrete Shear Wall buildings with different stories and heights are analyzed and a database consisting of measured fundamental periods and characteristics of 78 RC SW buildings is created. The input parameters of these buildings include number of stories, height, length, width, whereas the output parameter is the fundamental period. In addition, using Genetic Algorithm, the structure of the Self-Organization Feature Map algorithm is optimized with respect to the numbers of layers, numbers of nodes in hidden layers, type of transfer function and learning. Evaluation of the SOFM model was performed by comparing the obtained values to the measured values and values calculated by expressions given in building codes. Results show that the Self-Organization Feature Map, which is optimized by using Genetic Algorithm, has a higher capacity, flexibility and accuracy in predicting the fundamental period.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2003

Test specimen test was performed using concrete reinforced with fiber sheet and the test variables were based on the kinds of fiber and the number of reinforcement layers. Using steel-concrete reinforced with fiber sheet, compression tests were performed and the test variables were the kinds of fiber, number reinforcement layers and reinforcement layer order. The following results were obtained: 1) It was demonstrated that compressive strength of the test specimen reinforced during test specimen test and member test increased as the number of reinforcement layers increased. 2) It was shown that non-reinforced test, specimen were destroyed during the member tests, but the specimen reinforced with CFS destroyed and the GFS-reinforced specimen and composite reinforced specimen showed ductile destruction. 3) As a result of tests on kinds of reinforcement fiber, it was demonstrated that CFS-reinforced test specimen had higher compressive strength in a 공시체 test. In the member test, 2ply-and 3ply-GFS reinforced specimens except lplied one had higher compressive strength. It was because partial destruction occurred due to the rate of height/section. 4) For layer strength order, compared with test specimen reinforced only with a single reinforced material, test specimen reinforced with CFS and GFS, and test specimen reinforced with CFS first showed better results in compressive strength and ductility judgement.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.449-456
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• 2007

본 연구는 줄눈콘크리트포장에 환경 하중과 차량하중이 작용할 때 콘크리트 슬래브의 상하부에 발생하는 최대 인장응력의 특성을 분석하기 위하여 수행되었다. 유한요소법을 이용한 줄눈콘크리트포장의 수치해석모형을 개발하여 우선 포장이 환경 하중 또는 차량하중 만을 받을 때의 응력 특성을 분석하였다. 그 후 환경 하중과 차량하중을 동시에 받을 때 슬래브 상하부의 응력 특성을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 차량하중에 의한 슬래브 하부의 최대 인장응력은 하중이 어느 정도 줄눈부에서 멀어지면 위치에 관계없이 거의 같아지게 되는 젓을 알 수 있었다. 환경 하중에 의해 슬래브가 컬다운 되었을 때는 차량하중이 슬래브의 중앙에 작용할 때 슬래브 하부에 최대인장응력이 발생하며 슬래브가 컬업 되었을 때는 차량하중이 줄눈부에 작용할 때 슬래브의 상부에 최대인장응력이 발생한다. 슬래브 하부 최대인장응력은 컬다운 상태에서는 하부층 일반 스프링을 사용한 모델을 이용하여 환경 하중과 차량하중에 의한 각각의 최대응력을 더하여 구할 수 있으며, 컬업 상태에서는 차량 하중에 의한 최대 응력에서 온도 하중에 의한 최대 응력을 감하여 구할 수 있다. 반면에 슬래브 상부 최대인장응력은 컬업 상태에서 하부층 무인장 스프링을 이용한 모델을 사용하여 환경하중에 대한 최대응력과 차량하중이 줄눈부에 작용할 때 슬래브 중앙부의 최대응력을 더하여 구할 수 있으나 하부층을 일반 스프링으로 모델링하여 환경 하중에 대한 최대응력 만을 구하여 사용하는 실용적인 방법도 있었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제29권6D호
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• pp.719-726
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 슬래브와 보조기층 간의 마찰 특성을 조사하기 위하여 국내 콘크리트 포장에 주로 사용되는 린 콘크리트, 쇄석, 아스팔트 보조기층에 대하여 마찰력 실험을 실시하였다. 이 외에도 분리막 사용 여부와 보조기층의 습윤 상태를 실험변수로 사용하였다. 슬래브에 40mm/hour의 속도로 수평하중을 가한 1차 하중 재하 시와 안정화 상태(2차 및 3차) 및 습윤상태(4차)에서의 슬래브의 수평변위와 마찰계수를 측정하였다. 1차 하중재하 시 린 콘크리트, 아스팔트, 쇄석, 그리고 분리막을 사용한 보조기층 순으로 최대 마찰계수가 컸으며, 안정화 상태에서는 아스팔트, 쇄석, 린 콘크리트 그리고 분리막을 사용한 보조기층 순으로 크게 측정되었다. 분리막을 사용한 보조기층은 습윤 상태에 의한 영향이 거의 없었으나 분리막을 사용하지 않은 쇄석 및 아스팔트 보조기층은 습윤 상태로 인하여 마찰계수가 감소하였다. 향후 슬래브의 두께와 아스팔트의 온도 민감성이 미치는 영향에 대한 추가 마찰력 실험이 수행될 것이다. 그리고, 실험 결과를 이용한 구조해석을 통하여 슬래브와 보조기층 간의 마찰특성이 콘크리트 포장의 거동 및 공용성에 미치는 영향을 조사할 계획이다.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2011년도 정기 학술발표대회
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• pp.91-91
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• 2011

The quality of the surface layer in concrete structures plays an important role in the durability of the concrete. The concrete factory products are made as they improve the appearance of the surface and compressive strength in need. A common criterion to judge the quality of concrete products frequently seen in our daily life appears to be "beauty" in terms of consistent shaping. However, as for most concrete curb in such areas where a large amount of anti-freezing agents(NaCl) and ice and snow melting agents(CaCl2) are spread over roads to ensure road safety during the winter season, since deterioration advances from the surface, scaling is seen on the surface concrete due to deterioration which combined freezing damage and salt damage. Especially, In cold northern districts, the spreading amount of deicing salts increases by regulation of studded tire use, and the scaling of the concrete products, the various parts of concrete structures for roads is increasing in recent years. In this study, L-shape concrete curb were targeted, the permeable form method with the commercial permeable sheet was applied to it and the improvements of the quality were examined. By the permeable form method, surface layers got strengthened, which prevented permeation of the deterioration factor from the outside, and the scaling resistance of the upper surface where the permeable sheet was applied improved exceedingly. It will be expected by applying the permeable form method to various concrete products that frost resistance improves and scaling damage decreases.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.583-593
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• 2017

Applications of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for retrofitting, strengthening and repairing concrete structures have been expanded dramatically in the last decade. FRPs have high specific strength and stiffness compared to conventional construction materials, e.g., steel. Ease of preparation and installation, resistance to corrosion, versatile fabrication and adjustable mechanical properties are other advantages of the FRPs. However, there are major concerns about long-term performance, serviceability and durability of FRP applications in concrete structures. Therefore, structural health monitoring (SHM) and damage detection in FRP-retrofitted concrete structures need to be implemented. This paper presents a study on investigating the application of Rayleigh wave for detecting debonding defect in FRP-retrofitted concrete structures. A time-of-flight (ToF) method is proposed to determine the location of a debonding between the FRP and concrete using Rayleigh wave. A series of numerical case studies are carried out to demonstrate the capability of the proposed debonding detection method. In the numerical case studies, a three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model is developed to simulate the Rayleigh wave propagation and scattering at the debonding in the FRP-retrofitted concrete structure. Absorbing layers are employed in the 3D FE model to reduce computational cost in simulating the practical size of the FRP-retrofitted structure. Different debonding sizes and locations are considered in the case studies. The results show that the proposed ToF method is able to accurately determine the location of the debonding in the FRP-retrofitted concrete structure.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.111-135
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• 2013

An experimental study has been carried out on square plain concrete (PC) and reinforced concrete (RC) columns strengthened with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. A total of 78 specimens were loaded to failure in axial compression and investigated in both axial and transverse directions. Slenderness of the columns, number of wrap layers and concrete strength were the test parameters. Compressive stress, axial and hoop strains were recorded to evaluate the stress-strain relationship, ultimate strength and ductility of the specimens. Results clearly demonstrate that composite wrapping can enhance the structural performance of square columns in terms of both maximum strength and ductility. On the basis of the effective lateral confining pressure of composite jacket and the effective FRP strain coefficient, new peak stress equations were proposed to predict the axial strength and corresponding strain of FRP-confined square concrete columns. This model incorporates the effect of the effective circumferential FRP failure strain and the effect of the effective lateral confining pressure. The results show that the predictions of the model agree well with the test data.