• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.313-328
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• 2002

Based on the orthotropic hypoelasticity formulation, a triaxial constitutive model of concrete is proposed. To account for increasing ductility in high confinement of concrete, the ductility enhancement is considered using so called the strain enhancement factor. It is also developed a three-dimensional finite element model for reinforced concrete structural members based on the proposed constitutive law of concrete with the smeared crack approach. The concrete confinement effects due to the beam-column joint are investigated through numerical examples for simple beam and structural beam member. Concrete at compression fibers in the vicinity of beam-column joint behaves dominant not only by the uniaxial compressive state but also by the biaxial and triaxial compressive states. For the reason of the severe confinement of concrete in the beam-column joint, the flexural critical cross-section is observed at a small distance away from the beam-column joint. These observations should be utilized for the economic design when the concrete structural members are subjected to high confinement due to the influence of beam-column joint.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.83-98
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• 2018

This research was conducted to study the behavior of exterior concrete beam-column joints with reinforced shape memory alloy (SMA) bars tested under cyclic loading. These bars benefit from superelastic behavior and can stand high loads without residual strains. The experimental part of the study, 8 specimens of exterior concrete beam-column joints were made and tested. Two different types of concrete with 30 and 45 MPa were used. Four specimens contained SMA bars and 4 specimens contained steel bars in beam-column joints. Furthermore, different transverse reinforcements were used in beams investigate the effects of concrete confinement. Specimens were tested under cyclic loading. Results show that SMA bars are capable of recentering to their original shape after standing large displacements. Due to the superelastic behavior of SMA bars, cracks at the joint core vanish under cyclic loading. As the cyclic loading increased, bending failure occurred in the beam outside the joint core. In the analytical parts of the study, specimens were simulated using the SeismoStruct software. Experimental and analytical results showed a satisfactory correlation. Plastic hinge length at the beam joint for specimens with SMA and steel bars was calculated by empirical equations, experimental and analytical results. It was shown that Paulay's and Priestley's equations are appropriate for concrete beam-column joints in both types of bars.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2018

In this study, experimental research was carried out to evaluate the seismic performance of reinforced concrete exterior beam-column joint regions using hybrid retrofitting with AFRP sheets and embedded CFRP reinforcements in existing reinforced concrete building. Therefore it was constructed and tested three specimens retrofitting the beam-column joint regions using such retrofitting materials. Specimens, designed by retrofitting the beam-column joint regions of existing reinforced concrete structure, were showed the stable failure mode and increase of load-carrying capacity due to the effect of crack control at the times of initial loading and confinement of retrofitting materials during testing. Specimens RBCJ-SRA3 designed by the retrofitting of AFRP sheets and embedded CFRP reinforcements in reinforced exterior beam-column joint regions were increased its maximum load carrying capacity by 1.86 times and its energy dissipation capacity by 1.65 times in comparison with standard specimen RBCJ for a displacement ductility of 5.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.273-283
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• 2018

Previous experimental researches indicate that reinforced concrete beam-column joints play an important role in the mechanical properties of moment resisting frame structures, so as to require proper design. In order to get better understanding of the beam-column joint performance, a rational model needs to be developed. Based on the former considerations, two typical models for calculating the shear carrying capacity of the beam-column joint including the inelastic reinforced concrete joint model and the softened strut-and-tie model are selected to be introduced and analyzed. After examining the applicability of two typical models mentioned earlier to interior beam-column joints, several adjustments are made to get better predicting of the test results. For the softened strut-and-tie model, four adjustments including modifications of the depth of the diagonal strut, the inclination angle of diagonal compression strut, the smeared stress of mild steel bars embedded in concrete, as well as the softening coefficient are made. While two adjustments for the inelastic reinforced concrete joint model including modifications of the confinement effect due to the column axial load and the correction coefficient for high concrete are made. It has been proved by test data that predicted results by the improved softened strut-and-tie model or the modified inelastic reinforced concrete joint model are consistent with the test data and conservative. Based on the test results, it is also not difficult to find that the improved beam-column joint model can be used to predict the joint carrying capacity and cracks development with sufficient accuracy.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.385-392
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• 2011

이 연구에서는 기존 철근콘크리트 건물의 보-기둥 접합부 및 내진 성능의 개선을 위해 보-기둥 접합부 영역을 기존의 강판 및 FRP보강재(탄소섬유 쉬트, 매입형 탄소섬유봉)를 사용하여 보강한 후 내진 성능을 평가 하였다. 총 6개의 실험체를 제작하고 실험을 수행하여 내진 성능을 평가하였으며, 이 연구의 실험 결과를 근거로 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 기존 철근콘크리트 보-기둥 접합부의 접합부 영역(LBCJ 시리즈)를 보강한 결과 초기 재하시 접합부 영역의 균열 억제 효과와 재하 전 과정을 통하여 보강재의 구속 효과로 인하여 균열 억제 효과가 커서 안정적인 파괴 형태 및 내력 향상 효과를 나타내었다. 기존 철근콘크리트 보-기둥 접합부의 내진 성능을 개선하기 위하여 철근콘크리트 보-기둥 접합부 FRP보강 기술 적용 실험체 LBCJ 시리즈는 표준실험체 LBCJC와 비교하여 최대 내력은 26~50% 증가하였다. 그리고 에너지 소산 능력은 변위 연성 4에서 13.0~14.4% 증가하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.37-57
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• 2012

The behavior of beam-column joints in moment resisting frame structures is susceptible to damage caused by seismic effects due to poor performance of the joints. A good number of researches were carried out to understand the complex mechanism of RC joints considered in current seismic design codes. The traditional construction detailing of transverse reinforcement has resulted in serious joint failures during earthquakes. This paper introduces a new design philosophy involving the use of additional diagonal bars within the joint particularly suitable for low to medium seismic effects in earthquake zones. In this study, ten full-scale interior beam-column specimens were constructed with various additional reinforcement details and configurations. The results of the experiment showed that adding additional bars is a promising approach in reinforced concrete structures where earthquakes are eminent. In terms of overall cracking observation during the test, the specimens with additional bars (diagonal and straight) compared with the ones without them showed fewer cracks in the column. Furthermore, concrete confinement is certainly an important design measure as recommended by most international codes.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 기존 철근콘크리트 구조물 보-기둥 접합부의 내진성능의 개선을 위해 보-기둥 접합부 영역을 FRP보강재 (탄소섬유시트, 아라미드섬유시트, 매입형 CFRP Rod)를 사용하여 보강한 후 내진성능을 평가하였다. 총 7개의 실험체를 제작하고 실험을 수행하여 내진성능을 평가하였으며, 본 연구의 실험결과를 근거로 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 기존 철근콘크리트 보-기둥 접합부의 접합부 영역을 보강한 결과, 초기 재하시 접합부 영역의 균열억제 효과와 재하 전 과정을 통하여 보강재의 구속효과로 인하여 균열억제 효과가 커서 안정적인 파괴형태 및 내력향상 효과를 나타내었다. 매입형 CFRP Rod와 탄소섬유시트를 활용한 R/C 외부 보-기둥 접합부 실험체 LBCJ-CRUS는 표준실험체 LBCJ와 비교하여 변위연성 4, 7에서 각각 최대내력은 1.54배, 에너지소산능력은 2.36배 증가하였다. 그리고 실험체 LBCJ-CS, LBCJ-AF시리즈는 변위연성 7에서 표준실험체 LBCJ 보다 에너지소산능력이 각각 2.04~2.34, 1.63~3.02배 증가하였다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 기존 철근콘크리트 건물의 보-기둥 접합부의 내진성능의 개선을 위해 보-기둥 접합부 영역을 FRP보강재(매입형 CFRP Rod, CFRP시트)를 사용하여 보강한 후 내진성능을 평가하였다. 총 6개의 실험체를 제작하고 실험을 수행하여 내진성능을 평가하였으며, 본 연구의 실험결과를 근거로 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 기존 철근콘크리트 보-기둥 접합부의 접합부 영역을 보강한 결과, 초기 재하시 접합부 영역의 균열억제 효과와 재하 전 과정을 통하여 보강재의 구속효과로 인하여 균열억제 효과가 커서 안정적인 파괴형태 및 내력향상 효과를 나타내었다. 매입형 CFRP Rod와 CFRP시트를 활용한 RC 외부 보-기둥 접합부 실험체 RBCJ-SRC2는 표준실험체 RBCJ와 비교하여 변위연성4, 7에서 각각 최대 내력은 1.97배, 에너지소산능력은 2.08배 증가하였다. 또한, 실험체 RBCJ-SR시리즈와 비교하여 최대내력이 1.09~1.11배 증가하였다. 그리고 실험체 RBCJ-CS, RBCJ-SR시리즈, RBCJ-SRC2는 변위연성 5, 6에서 표준실험체 RBCJ 보다 에너지소산능력이 1.10~2.30배 증가하였다. 그리고 에너지소산능력은 변위연성 4에서 13.0~14.4% 증가하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.315-329
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• 2020

Through bolt connections in Concrete Filled Steel Tubes (CFSTs) has been proved to be good in terms of seismic performance and constructability. Stiffened extended end plate connection with full through type bolt helps to avoid field weld altogether, and hence to improve the quality of joints. An experimental study was conducted on the hysteretic performance of square interior beam-column connections using flat extended end plates with through bolt. The study focuses on the effect of the bond between the tie rod and the core concrete on the cyclic performance of the joint. The study also quantifies how much the interior joint is getting strengthened due to the confinement effect induced by bi-directional bolting, which is widely used in 3D moment resisting frames. For a better understanding of the mechanism and for the prediction of shear capacity of the panel zone, a mathematical model was generated. The various parameters included in the model are the influence of axial load, amount of prestress induced by bolt tightening, anchorage, and the concrete strut action. The study investigates the strength, stiffness, ductility, and energy dissipation characteristics. The results indicate that the seismic resistance is at par with American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) seismic recommendations. The bidirectional bolting and bond effect have got remarkable influence on the performance of joints.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.319-326
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• 2009

정(井)자형 H형강을 강축의 수직 방향에 대해 띠판으로 연결한 조립보를 수평버팀대로 사용하면 구조적으로 약축 방향의 세장비를 줄여 구조 효율을 높일 수 있으며 또한 이를 구조물 지하 골조의 일부로 사용하여 시공성을 개선시킬 수 있다. 이 시스템의 H형강이 서로 만나는 교차 부분에는 콘크리트가 채워지고 그 사각형 가운데는 철근콘크리트 기둥이 위치하게 된다. 보-기둥 접합부의 뚫림 전단거동은, 사변을 구속하고 있는 H형강에 의해 전단균열에 의한 방사변형이 구속되어지며, H형강이 접합부를 충분히 구속할 수 있는 경우 하중 전달이 효과적으로 이루어지고, 일반적인 경우의 뚫림 전단강도보다는 더 큰 내력을 가지게 된다. 이 현상을 확인하기 위하여 구속 여부와 기둥면에서 구속 H형강까지의 거리를 변수로 하여 실험하였다. 실험 결과는 콘크리트구조설계기준을 준용하여 얻은 식과 비교하였고, 제안된 식을 통하여 계산된 결과는 실험을 통해 얻은 뚫림 전단강도와 비슷한 결과를 나타냈다.