• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.481-492
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• 2020

To study the rail mapped deformation caused by the pier settlement of simply - supported bridges with China Railway Track System III (CRTS III) slab ballastless track (SBT) system under the mode of non-longitudinal connection ballastless track slab, this study derived an analytical solution to the mapped relationships between pier settlement and rail deformation based on the interlayer interaction mechanism of rail-pier and principle of stationary potential energy. The analytical calculation results were compared with the numerical results obtained by ANSYS finite element calculation, thus verifying the accuracy of analytical method. A parameter analysis was conducted on the key factors in rail mapped deformation such as pier settlement, fastener stiffness, and self-compacting concrete (SCC) stiffness of filling layer. The results indicate that rail deformation is approximately proportional to pier settlement. The smaller the fastener stiffness, the smoother the rail deformation curve and the longer the rail deformation area is. With the increase in the stiffness of SCC filling layer, the maximum positive deformation of rail gradually decreases, and the maximum negative deformation gradually increases. The deformation of rail caused by the pier settlement of common-span bridge structures will generate low-frequency excitation on high-speed trains.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.491-502
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• 2006

본 논문은 중력하중의 지배를 받는 CFT기둥-RC 무량판 접합부의 실물대 실험결과를 요약한 것이다. CFT구조는 여러 가지 구조및 시공상의 장점으로 인하여 국내 건설 현장에서 상대적으로 짧은 시간에 폭넓게 수용되고 있다. 주차장 용도로 주로 사용되는 지하층은 철근콘크리트 무량판으로 시공하여 경제성을 도모하는 것이 국내에서 일반적으로 요구되는 시공관행이다. 그러나 CFT기둥-R C 무량판 접합부의 효율적인 디테일은 아직 국내 외적으로 제시된 바가 없어서 이 분야의 연구가 매우 필요한 실정이다. 현장 시공시 경제성을 극대화할 수 있는 몇 가지 전략을 기초로 해서, 여러가지 접합 상세를 제안하였고 실험을 통하여 검증하엿다. 실험결과 본 연구에서 제시된 CFT기둥-RC 무량판 접합 상세의 펀칭강도 및 강성이 RC 무량판 접합부와 동등하거나 이를 상회하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. CFT기둥-RC 무량판 접합부의 초기 탄성거동에서 펀칭파괴이후 휨철근의 국부 현수작용에 이르기까지의 모델링 방안을 제시하고 본 연구의 실험결과를 기초로 5개의 모델링 변수를 캘리브레이션하였다. 또한 무량판구조의 연쇄붕괴방지 설계에 본 연구의 결과를 응용하는 방안을 사례를 통하여 예시하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.277-300
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• 2016

Cold-formed steel (CFS) sections are becoming an increasingly popular solution for constructing floors in residential, healthcare and education buildings. Their reduced weight, however, makes them prone to excessive vibrations, increasing the need for accurate prediction of CFS floor modal properties. By combining experimental modal analysis of a full-scale CFS framed building and its floors and their numerical finite element (FE) modelling this paper demonstrates that the existing methods (based on the best engineering judgement) for predicting CFS floor modal properties are unreliable. They can yield over 40% difference between the predicted and measured natural frequencies for important modes of vibration. This is because the methods were adopted from other floor types (e.g., timber or standard steel-concrete composite floors) and do not take into account specific features of CFS floors. Using the adjusted and then updated FE model, featuring semi-rigid connections led to markedly improved results. The first four measured and calculated CFS floor natural frequencies matched exactly and all relevant modal assurance criterion (MAC) values were above 90%. The introduction of flexible supports and more realistic modelling of the floor boundary conditions, as well as non-structural $fa{\c{c}}ade$ walls, proved to be crucial in the development of the new more successful modelling strategy. The process used to develop 10 identified and experimentally verified FE modelling parameters is based on published information and parameter adjustment resulting from FE model updating. This can be utilised for future design of similar lightweight steel floors in prefabricated buildings when checking their vibration serviceability, likely to be their governing design criterion.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.439-447
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• 2018

The structural behaviors of cylindrical barns as a specific engineering structure have been considered as a complicated computing process. The structure design against the earthquake load, to protect by using the code, is an urgency avoiding unexpected damages. The situation has been subjected to the applied design method if there would be no failure across the construction procedures. The purpose of the current study is to clarify the behaviors of cylindrical reinforced concrete barns through the analytic methods across the mass and Lagrangian approaches through the whole outcomes comparison indicating that the isoparametric element obtained from the Lagrangian approach has been successfully applied in the barns earthquake analysis when the slosh effects have been discarded. The form of stress distributions is equal with $s_z$ closed distributions to one another.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.1015-1039
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• 2014

The widening project on Freeway No.1 in Taiwan has a total length of roughly 14 kilometers, and includes three special bridges, namely a 216 m long-span bridge crossing the original freeway, an F-bent double decked bridge in a co-constructed section, and a steel and prestressed concrete composite bridge. This study employed in-situ monitoring in conjunction with numerical modeling to establish a real-time monitoring system for the three bridges. In order to determine the initial static and dynamic behavior of the real bridges, forced vibration experiments, in-situ static load experiments, and dynamic load experiments were first carried out on the newly-constructed bridges before they went into use. Structural models of the bridges were then established using the finite element method, and in-situ vehicle load weight, arrangement, and speed were taken into consideration when performing comparisons employing data obtained from experimental measurements. The results showed consistency between the analytical simulations and experimental data. After determining a bridge's initial state, the proposed in-situ monitoring system, which is employed in conjunction with the established finite element model, can be utilized to assess the safety of a bridge's members, providing useful reference information to bridge management agencies.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.399-414
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• 1997

This paper presents an investigation into the seismic response characteristics of a proposed ligh-weight pedestrian cable-stayed bridge made entirely from Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics(GFRP). The study employs three dimensional finite element models to study and compare the dynamic characteristics and the seismic response of the GFRP bridge to a conventional Steel-Concrete (SC) cable-stayed bridge alternative. The two bridges were subjected to three synthetic earthquakes that differ in the frequency content characteristics. The performance of the GFRP bridge was compared to that of the SC bridge by normalizing the live load and the seismic internal forces with respect to the dead load internal forces. The normalized seismically induced internal forces were compared to the normalized live load internal forces for each design alternative. The study shows that the design alternatives have different dynamic characteristics. The light GFRP alternative has more flexible deck motion in the lateral direction than the heavier SC alternative. While the SC alternative has more vertical deck modes than the GFRP alternative, it has less lateral deck modes than the GFRP alternative in the studied frequency range. The GFRP towers are more flexible in the lateral direction than the SC towers. The GFRP bridge tower attracted less normalized base shear force than the SC bridge towers. However, earthquakes, with peak acceleration of only 0.1 g, and with a variety of frequency content could induce high enough seismic internal forces at the tower bases of the GFRP cable-stayed bridge to govern the structural design of such bridge. Careful seismic analysis, design, and detailing of the tower connections are required to achieve satisfactory seismic performance of GFRP long span bridges.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.257-289
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• 2015

Shear connectors are generally used to link the slab and girders together in slab-on-girder bridge structures. Damage of shear connectors in such structures will result in shear slippage between the slab and girders, which significantly reduces the load-carrying capacity of the bridge. Because shear connectors are buried inside the structure, routine visual inspection is not able to detect conditions of shear connectors. A few methods have been proposed in the literature to detect the condition of shear connectors based on vibration measurements. This paper proposes a different dynamic condition assessment approach to identify the damage of shear connectors in slab-on-girder bridge structures based on power spectral density transmissibility (PSDT). PSDT formulates the relationship between the auto-spectral densities of two responses in the frequency domain. It can be used to identify shear connector conditions with or without reference data of the undamaged structure (or the baseline). Measured impact force and acceleration responses from hammer tests are analyzed to obtain the frequency response functions at sensor locations by experimental modal analysis. PSDT from the slab response to the girder response is derived with the obtained frequency response functions. PSDT vectors in the undamaged and damaged states can be compared to identify the damage of shear connectors. When the baseline is not available, as in most practical cases, PSDT vectors from the measured response at a reference sensor to those of the slab and girder in the damaged state can be used to detect the damage of shear connectors. Numerical and experimental studies on a concrete slab supported by two steel girders are conducted to investigate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed approach. Identification results demonstrate that damages of shear connectors are identified accurately and efficiently with and without the baseline. The proposed method is also used to evaluate the conditions of shear connectors in a real composite bridge with in-field testing data.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.273-287
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 숏크리트 라이닝과 2차 콘크리트 라이닝 사이에 방수막으로 분리된 기존 이중구조의 터널 라이닝과 터널 라이닝 단면상에 전단력 전달을 저해하는 장치를 포함하지 않은 일체화 싱글쉘 구조의 터널 라이닝의 파괴양상 및 하중 지지성능에 관해 고찰한다. 하중지지력 평가를 위하여 우선적으로 수치해석적인 사전 평가가 실시되었으며, 새롭게 고안된 실대형 터널 라이닝 하중재하 실험이 실시되었다. 이때, 이완하중이나 암괴하중을 모사하기 위해 터널 천단부 집중하중이 고려되었다. 본 연구를 통하여, 동일한 터널라이닝 강도 관리기준에서 이중구조 라이닝보다 싱글쉘 라이닝 구조가 약 20%정도 높은 지지력을 보였으며, 다중 숏크리트 타설 단계마다 고성능 첨가재료 투입량의 조절로 복합재료 싱글쉘 라이닝 구조를 형성함으로써 보다 적은 고성능화 첨가재료 투입량으로 유사한 지지성능을 확보할 수 있는 가능성을 보였다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2003

1992년 내진규정 도입이전에 설계시공된 공용중의 철근콘크리트 교각은 대체로 소성힌지구간에 겹침이음 시공되었다. 본연구는 형상비 2.5의 철근콘크리트 교각실험체의 내진 연성도 평가를 위한 실험적 연구이다. 실험에 사용된 6기의 실험체는 횡방향 구속력, 주철근의 겹침이음 그리고 섬유보강을 변수로 가지고 있다. 이 실험체는 한국도로공사가 개발한 인공지진동을 사용하여 유사동적실험을 수행하여 지진이력을 주었으며, 유사동적실험 후에는 일정한 축력, P＝0.1 $f_{ck}$ $A_{g}$을 유지하면서 변위제어방식으로 유사정적실험을 실시하여 잔류내진성능을 평가하였다. 실험 결과 소성힌지구간에 겹침이음 된 RC 교각이 낮은 연성에서 파괴에 도달하였다. 이는 주철근 겹침이음이 주철근의 충분한 연성발달을 저하시킨 결과라 할 수 있다. 또한, 섬유보강된 실험체는 ？강성과 변위연성도의 현저한 개선능력을 보였다..

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.535-542
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 압연형강(H형강)을 이용한 강합성 교량에 대한 3차원 유한요소 해석을 실시하여, 가로보가 활하중 횡 분배에 미치는영향에 대해 검토하였다. 고려된 주요 변수는 주형과 가로보의 단면2차모멘트비, 가로보의 설치 여부, 가로보의 개수 등이다. 유한요소 해석을 통한 활하중 횡분배 계수와 함께 관용적인 격자해석에 의한 활하중 횡분배 계수도 비교하였다. 분석결과에서 가로보는 활 하중 횡분배에 별다른 영향을 미치지 못하며, 콘크리트 바닥판이 활하중 횡분배에는 가장 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 활하중 횡분배를 목적으로 설치하는 가로보는 제거가 가능한 것으로 판단된다.