• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.31-45
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was designed to develop a valid and reliable scale for the evaluation of preconception health behavior in women preparing for pregnancy. Methods: The initial strategy included a literature review, interviews, and construction of a conceptual framework. The preliminary items were evaluated twice for content validity by experts, and modified two preliminary investigations. Participants in the 2 main investigations and the confirmation investigation were tested for reliability and validity of the preliminary scale in women preparing for pregnancy. The data were analyzed for different items exploratory and confirmatory factors. Results: The 5-point Likert scale consisted of 6 factors and 27 items. The 6-factors included 'hazardous substance factor,' 'medical management factor,' 'rest and sleep factor,' 'stress management factor,' 'information acquisition factor,' and 'resource preparation factor.' Goodness of fit of the final research model was very appropriate and based on the following measures: Q=1.98, comparative fit index=.91, Tucker-lewis index=.89, standardized root mean square residual=.07, and root mean square error of approximation=.07. The criterion validity was .64. The reliability coefficient was .92 and the test-retest reliability was .61. Conclusion: The study findings indicate that the scale can be used for the development of nursing interventions to promote preconception health behavior in women preparing for pregnancy.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.453-475
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• 2018

This study examines how elementary students understand fractions with operations conceptually and how they perform procedures in the division of fractions. We attempted to look into students' understanding about fractions with divisions in regard to mathematical proficiency suggested by National Research Council (2001). Mathematical proficiency is identified as an intertwined and interconnected composition of 5 strands- conceptual understanding, procedural fluency, strategic competence, adaptive reasoning, and productive disposition. We developed an instrument to identify students' understanding of fractions with multiplication and division and conducted the survey in which 149 6th-graders participated. The findings from the data analysis suggested that overall, the 6th-graders seemed not to understand fractions conceptually; in particular, their understanding is limited to a particular model of part-whole fraction. The students showed a tendency to use memorized procedure-invert and multiply in a given problem without connecting the procedure to the concept of the division of fractions. The findings also proposed that on a given problem-solving task that suggested a pathway in order for the students to apply or follow the procedures in a new situation, they performed the computation very fluently when dividing two fractions by multiplying by a reciprocal. In doing so, however, they appeared to unable to connect the procedures with the concepts of fractions with division.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.657-665
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• 2021

The study aims to assess the acceptance of social commerce and participate in social commerce amongst Omani people. The questions of the survey Instrument were prepared in English later converted into Arabic. The survey instrument was having two parts; the first part sought the demographic information like age, gender, education, occupation etc. The second part of the instrument was related to the variables, which was in 5-point Likert scale, where 5 means strongly agree while 1 meaning strongly disagree. The data was collected using online and offline surveys, making the number of the valid responses to 478. A conceptual model was developed using the following variables. The selected variables such as "Familiarity" (F), "Trust" (T), "Perceived usefulness" (PU), "Perceived ease of use" (PEU), "Intention to Purchase" (IP). The hypothesis was tested using structural equation modelling. The results indicate that all six hypotheses were supported. The F, T and PEU, and PU was found to be positive and significant related to intention to purchase (p-value 0.003, 0.001, 0.000. & 0.007). Amongst the four, p value of F was found to be the lowest and PU was found to be the highest. This indicate F was strong indicator of IP as compared to others. PUE relates to PU, and F was related to IP.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.655-663
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• 2021

This paper aims to develop a conceptual framework for determinants of spillover effects of FDI on technology innovation of Vietnamese enterprises. The research proposes a logistic regression model for assessing how enterprises' ability to implement technological innovation is affected by the presence of FDI enterprises as well as other factors that show the change through the indirect influence of FDI such as the size of the enterprise, the type of enterprise, and the skill level of the labor force or its research and development activities. Five forms of technology innovation are considered: improving production process; product quality improvement; product expansion; expanding business activities into a new field of production; and changing business activities into a new field of production. General Statistics Office of Vietnam provided survey data to collect information from 3,166 enterprises in the manufacturing and processing industry in Hanoi, which were valid for analysis. The results show that all variables of enterprise type, size, R&D, and industry have a positive impact on the selection of one of the innovation forms. Several recommendations are further suggested to take advantage of the positive effects and minimizing the negative effects of FDI for technological innovation of Vietnamese enterprises.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.657-669
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• 2021

This study seeks to empirically investigate the impact of transformational leadership on employees' innovation with the mediating effect of technological diversity. Employees have evolved into leaders in organizing work within institutions over the last few decades. This shift presents new demands for leaders, who are forced to reinvent individual workers while also improving workplace innovation. This research proposes a conceptual model for considering transformational leadership and the impact of technological diversity on innovation. Structured questionnaire is used in the study and the analysis of the data from 633 employees of universities in the United Arab Emirates uses stratified sampling technique and hypotheses verified through Structural Equations Modelling (AMOS-21). According to the results, transformational leadership has a big effect on employees' innovation. Furthermore, in the relationship between transformational leadership and workforce innovation, technological diversity has a partial mediation impact. This research adds to the growing body of knowledge about how transformational leadership influences employees' innovation and how it affects employees' success, especially in the context of UAE-based universities. Overall, this research contributes to the previous studies wherein transformational leadership plays a critical role in influencing the innovative performance of employees and that, in turn, will promote diversification of technology in the organization.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.525-532
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• 2021

The study investigates the mediating effect of Korean firms' corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the relationship between Korean executives' religiosity, their individual social responsibility (ISR), and corporate financial performance (CFP). As executives lead the firms' strategies and policies, their religiosity or ISR may have a significant influence in attaining the firm's CSR and influencing CFP. The upper echelon theory, agency theory, and stakeholder theory are used to explain the link between individual-level drivers of CSR, a firm's CSR, and CFP. The upper echelon theory, agency theory, and stakeholder theory are integrated into the conceptual model, which explains the relationships between proposed constructs in this study. This study employs survey data of 421 Korean companies. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) technique was used to test the proposed hypotheses. The main result shows that Korean executives' religiosity and their ISR positively influence CFP when mediated by CSR. The findings of this study suggest that Korean executives' personal values such as their religiosity and ISR can impact the firm's CSR activities or financial performance. Overall, this paper responds to the recent calls in the CSR literature to examine the individual-level drivers from non-western contexts by shedding more light on the Korean context.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.47-56
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• 2021

ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) was established in 2015 from 10 countries to realize the ultimate (adopted in 1997), which aimed to transform ASEAN into a stable, prosperous, and highly competitive region with equitable economic development, reduced poverty, and socioeconomic disparities. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of knowledge level on the AEC of Vietnamese small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the textile and apparel industry towards attitudes, readiness, and performance. This study uses convenience sampling to get questionnaires from 150 SMEs in Hanoi, Vietnam. Then, the paper applies SPSS-AMOS 24 to process data. The empirical results show that AEC's implementation only has a small impact on improving SME performance. However, SMEs have adequate knowledge, attitude, and readiness about AEC. The structural modeling findings indicate that the knowledge factor has an indirect effect on SMEs' performance. This finding is to provide new insight into the roles of attitude and readiness in the case of Vietnam. These factors are needed to mediate the effect of attitudes and readiness in the relationship between knowledge and business performance, a framework strategy of business organizations, and can be used as a conceptual model to improve SMEs' performance.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.1-5
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• 2019

Purpose - Along with the rapid growth of the economics and IT industry, E-commerce appears as the next potential area of world economics. For this no-entity shops commerce style, logistics is crucial for the success of E-commerce. Research design, data and methodology - In this paper, Dangdang.com, the largest online marketplace in China, is studied and a conceptual model is present, to develop a practical way to develop the logistics system in E-commerce situation. Results - This research finds that following 4 factors are critical success factors for E-commerce logistics: 1) logistics centres are very important to control the inventory management; 2) keep good cooperation with third-party logistics (3PL) can guarantee good quality shipping service and also can reduce delivery costs; 3) build strong information system; 4) quick response system also needed for an efficient logistics system. When E-commerce firms are developing their logistics systems, they should pay more attention to these 4 critical success factors. Conclusions - In summary, successful 3PL management is vital for competing regionally and globally throughout the logistics value chain. We see information system as an enabler in logistics management to get the right products to the right place in the right quantity at the right time and to provide quality services to satisfy the customer's needs.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 2021

Purpose - According to the actual change of the logistics concept, the outsourcing activities of companies are actively progressing, and this is proceeding to third-party logistics and fourth-party logistics. This change in logistics situation raises the need for an in-depth understanding of four-party logistics. Research design, data, and methodology - In this study, first of all, the theoretical aspects of changes in the logistics concept are identified, along with the outsourcing and third-party logistics. Finally, the concept of four-party logistics, the background of its introduction, and future prospects will be explored. Result - The meaning of physical distribution is now passing through the existing three-party logistics and entering the era of four-way logistics. In addition, cost reduction and improvement of customer service through advanced logistics strategy can be said to be the company's competitiveness. Through this study, it can be seen that the conceptual change of logistics and the introduction of four-party logistics are closely related to the survival of the company's deficit in the market. Conclusion - In modern society, logistical competitiveness is the competitiveness of a company, and logistical activities of a company can be achieved through the process of entering the four-party logistics from the existing third-party logistics based on outsourcing. Then more customer-oriented service can be provided.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.227-253
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• 2022

Despite the proliferation of free trade agreements (FTAs), many exporting firms are still confronted with several challenges in utilizing the FTA preferential tariffs. Based on the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, this study empirically examines the factors affecting the utilization of FTA schemes by exporting firms. To clarify the key factors influencing FTA utilization, this study develops a conceptual model from the perspective of the adoption of information technology innovations. Eight factors derived from the TOE framework are proposed to explore the determinants of FTA utilization in export. Partial least squares structural equation modeling is employed to analyze the data collected from 162 exporting small- and medium-sized enterprises in the South Korean textile industry. The findings reveal that compatibility and trading partner influence are positively associated with FTA utilization, while complexity is negatively related. Factors of organizational context do not show any relationship with FTA utilization. This study is the first to theoretically analyze and empirically test the determinants of FTA utilization from the perspective of technological innovation adoptions. By examining the relative importance of TOE factors in the utilization of FTA schemes, this study expects to advance a holistic understanding on the perceived factors that could potentially affect the utilization of FTA schemes.