• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.379-393
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• 2007

이 논문의 목적은 혈액 순환 모형 기반 수업을 적용한 후에 11학년 학생들의 개념 변화를 다차원적 틀로 분석하는 것과 개념 이해를 향상시키기 위한 교수 전략에 대한 시사점을 찾아내는 것이다. 그 모형 기반 수업은 4차시로 구성되었다: (1) 혈액 순환에 관한 과학사를 적용하여 학생들의 흥미를 유도하는 도입 부분, (2) 쥐의 해부 실험, (3)심장의 자동 박동에 관한 비디오 자료, (4) 혈액 순환의 경로 모형 구성하기 활동. 사전 검사, 사후 검사, 면담 자료에 근거하여, 학생들의 혈액 순환 경로 모형을 구분하였고, 혈액 순환 개념에 관한 학생들의 존재론적 속성과 개념 지위를 조사하였다. 대부분의 학생들은 수업 후에 혈액 순환의 경로와 그 혈액 성분의 변화를 정확히 기술하였다. 그러나 그 모형 구성하기 활동은 심장에 연결된 각 기관으로의 혈류량 분배와 혈액과 조직세포 사이의 물질 교환 기작의 이해를 향상시키는데 충분하지 못했다. 면담에서 학생들이 언급한 개념 지위 요소 분석을 통해, 학생들의 개념 이해에 어떤 개념 지위 요소가 도움을 주는지, 잘못된 개념 지위 요소는 무엇인지, 잘 사용되지 않는 지위 요소는 무엇인지 등의 정보를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 학생들의 각 개념 지위 획득은 혈액 순환 개념에 대한 어떤 존재론적 속성을 갖는가에 따라 달라짐을 발견하였다. 이런 연구 결과는 혈액 순환과 같은 평형 범주의 개념 변화률 촉진하기 위한 교수 전략을 고안하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2011

The purposes of this study investigated the effects of placement of analogy on the conceptual changes of air of elementary students, while learning the air conceptions. The subjects consisted of 108 students who are in the sixth grade classes in an elementary school in Busan city. For this study, comparative group(37 members), experimental group I(37 members), and experimental group II(34 memgers) were selected. A pre-test and a post-test on the air conception were done both for the comparative group and the experimental groups. The results are as follows. First, the averages of experiment group I and II are statistically higher than comparative group's. By the way, it just has a small gap between the comparative group and the experimental II. In other words, activity of analogy does not keep always constant to change of air conceptions of elementary students. Therefore, it has a different reason that only before or after during the analogy. Second, it shows that experimental group I has effected on a more change of air conceptions as compared with experimental group II. Then, the first group's result shows better than the other group's result. From this result, six grade students showed a change of air conceptions very well by analogy. It means if the analogy is given to students at the beginning state of chapter, they can understand scientific concepts easily.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.100-120
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• 1993

Middle school students' conceptual changes on physics, chemistry, biology and earth science concepts which were intentionally selected by researchers had been investigated through traditional teaching and learning by paper and pencil tests and P.O.E. The weak points had been studied by individual interviews about the problems of traditional science classroom teaching after students' testing and learning about science concepts. As results, students' conceptual changes could be hardly found through traditional teaching and learning except several concepts in biology, The weak points of traditional science classroom teaching and learning were as follows: 1) Teachers teach science as finding answers. 2) The conventional science test is not performed to find students' concepts out but to recall simple knowledge or calculus. 3) Students hesitate to ask teacher Questions in science class because of their colleagues' or teachers' blame. These mean that science teachers need specially designed teaching methods on the students' concepts and reseachers had to study about science classroom socialogy, what happened in science classrooms.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.689-696
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• 2001

학생들은 나름대로 자연 현상에 대하여 자신의 인지구조를 가지고 이해하고 있으나 개념에 대한 확신정도는 학생에 따라 다르다. 자신이 갖고 있는 개념에 대하여 뚜렷한 자신감이 있는 학생이 있는가 하면 자신의 개념에 대하여 확신을 못하는 경우가 있다. 이 연구에서는 오개념에 대한 확신도가 높고 낮음에 따라 갈등 효과는 어떠하며, 사후 개념변화는 어떠한지를 알아보고자 하였다. 대부분의 오개념을 가졌던 학생들은 현상 제시에 많은 호기심을 보였으며, 오개념의 확신도가 클수록 갈등을 더 많이 느껴 자신의 생각과 다른 현상을 보았을 때 심리적 충격이 더 크게 변하는 것으로 나타냈다. 그러나 일부 개념에서는 갈등을 많이 겪었다고 응답하였지만 개념변화가 되지 않는 학생들의 비율이 높아 오개념의 견고함을 보여주기도 하였다. 인지 갈등 수업 후 개념의 변화는 선개념에 대한 확신도에 관계없이 잘 일어났으며, 개념변화 지속 효과 또한 확신도에 관계없이 선행 연구자들의 결과와 비슷하게 나왔다. 즉, 현상 제시 직후부터 일주일 후 까지는 감소하나 그 뒤로는 개념이 자리잡았다. 개념 변화 후 바른 개념에 대한 확신도는 대체로 높아서 오개념을 가진 학생에게 과학개념을 심어주기 위한 방편으로 인지갈등 수업이 효과 있음을 보여주었다.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.268-283
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• 2016

Aircraft manufacturing companies have to consider multiple derivatives to satisfy various market requirements. They modify or extend an existing aircraft to meet new market demands while keeping the development time and cost to a minimum. Many researchers have studied the derivative design process, but these research efforts consider baseline and derivative designs together, while using the whole set of design variables. Therefore, an efficient process that can reduce cost and time for aircraft derivative design is needed. In this research, a more efficient design process is proposed which obtains global changes from local changes in aircraft design in order to develop aircraft derivatives efficiently. Sensitivity analysis was introduced to remove unnecessary design variables that have a low impact on the objective function. This prevented wasting computational effort and time on low priority variables for design requirements and objectives. Additionally, uncertainty from the fidelity of analysis tools was considered in design optimization to increase the probability of optimization results. The Reliability Based Design Optimization (RBDO) and Possibility Based Design Optimization (PBDO) methods were proposed to handle the uncertainty in aircraft conceptual design optimization. In this paper, Collaborative Optimization (CO) based framework with RBDO and PBDO was implemented to consider uncertainty. The proposed method was applied for civil jet aircraft derivative design that increases cruise range and the number of passengers. The proposed process provided deterministic design optimization, RBDO, and PBDO results for given requirements.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.14-25
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• 2019

Purpose: This was a methodological study that aimed to develop a measurement scale for aging anxiety among middle-aged women. Methods: In this study, construct factors were extracted, and a conceptual framework was established through an extensive literature review and in-depth interviews with middle-aged women. Under the conceptual framework, 44 preliminary items were constructed, and a preliminary scale of 25 items was completed after two rounds of expert validation and item review. For this study, data were collected from 201 women aged 40~59 years, and the construct validity and reliability of the preliminary scale were verified. Results: To verify the construct validity, exploratory factor analysis was conducted. Four factors containing 19 items were extracted. Concurrent validity of the developed scale was verified with Pearson's correlation analysis. The final scale comprised 4 factors ("Social valueless", "Physical weakness", "Concern about changes in appearance", and "Expectations of old age") and 19 items. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ value was .91. Conclusion: The scale for measuring aging anxiety in middle-aged women developed in this study validly reflected the peculiarities of aging anxiety in middle-aged women, who experience many physical, emotional, and social changes. The scale can be said to reflect the cultural background, as it reflected real experiences gained through in-depth interviews with middle-aged women.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2020

Purpose: This study explores how demographic transitions with workforce implications taking place in South Korea are affecting the job market, and proposes a novel conceptual model to analyze the increased role that migrant workers will play as the changes progress in the medium term. Research design, data and methodology: A qualitative approach based on the available published data is used in order to create a conceptual model that could be used to determine the order in which job sector strata will be gradually taken over by migrant workers, as the demographic transitions will create an increasing need for workforce reforms. Results: The study determines that migrant workers will replace domestic Korean workers in a stratified manner, initially in rural areas, followed by regional cities and then in the industrial areas on the edges of big cities, and the strata can be analyzed based on a proposed four-category model to determine where the opportunities will open. Conclusion: It is possible to use a conceptual model for this phenomenon. Extensive Government planning is needed to avoid possible social exclusion problems and to determine how to keep the economies of rural and regional Korean cities economically viable while they are becoming increasingly depopulated.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.1050-1062
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• 2012

Concepts of science have been developed by occupying 'ecological niche' within conceptual ecology. The ecological niche is determined from the mutual effect between intellectual environmental of the learner and new concept, which few studies have been conducted. This study examined how the ecological niche of the concept of photosynthesis in $7^{th}$ grade is changed by instruction. The ecological niche was analyzed using 2 methods: (1) the change in the diversity of concepts, and (2) the change in the proximity of concepts based on the frequency and the relativeness score of the concepts. The concept of photosynthesis was analyzed in the 4 domains in the place of photosynthesis, products of photosynthesis, reactants of photosynthesis, and environmental factors. The results of this study are as follows: (1) reduced diversity of concepts, (2) increased frequency and relativeness score of the scientific concepts, and (3) increased proximity of the scientific concepts by instruction. With these results, the mutual effects of the concepts within the conceptual ecology have become active by class to differentiate the relationships between the concepts, which accordingly displayed their changes in status.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.777-789
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• 2005

이 연구는 6학년 학생들에게서 나타나는 지층에 관한 비과학적 개념을 알아보고, 이를 과학적 개념으로 변화시키기 위하여 인지갈등 전략을 이용한 수업을 적용한 후, 학생들의 비과학적 개념에 변화가 있었는지를 조사한 것이다. 학생들의 지층에 관해 비과학적 개념을 조사한 결과, 지층이 화산 활동으로 형성되었다고 생각하는 경우, 편마암이 지층을 형성하는 암석이라고 생각하는 경우, 지층의 습곡은 위에서 누르는 힘 때문에 생긴다고 생각하는 경우 등의 비과학적 개념이 나타났다. 인지갈등 전략을 이용한 수업을 한 후, 지층에 관한 비과학적 개념의 변화를 알아보았다. 그 결과, 지층이 만들어지는 곳, 지층에서 볼 수 있는 암석, 습곡이 생기는 이유에서는 큰 효과가 나타났으나 지층의 알갱이가 다른 이유에는 거의 개념의 변화가 없었다. 따라서 개념에 따라 인지갈등 전략 수업으로 개념변화가 쉬운 개념이 있는 반면, 어려운 개념도 나타났다. 사후 검사에서 개념변화를 이루지 못한 학생들에게 비과학적 개념 형성 원인을 알아본 결과, 지구 내부에서 일어나는 현상에는 지구 내부의 열과 압력, 화산 활동 등의 큰 힘이 작용했을 것이라는 학생들의 견고한 사전개념과 교사가 수업 시간에 한 현상을 강조하면 다른 영역의 현상으로 전이되는 경향이 나타났으며, TV 등의 영상 매체의 역할이 견고한 비과학적 개념을 형성하도록 하는 것으로 나타났다. 정규수업 후 일정 시간이 지난 후에 형성되어 있는 개념을 알아보아 인지갈등을 적용했는데도 개념변화가 어려운 것은 지층에 관한 학생들의 비과학적 개념이 변하기 쉽지 않은 개념임을 말하는 것이다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.93-105
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• 2000

The purpose of the study is to find out students' misconceptions and the stability of misconceptions in the domain of mechanics. According to the incorrect choices by grades, three different kinds of conceptual change were identified ; (1) easily overcome misconceptions, (2) stable misconceptions, and (3) reinforced misconceptions. The analyses of the results showed that easily overcome misconceptions occurred in simple or visual concepts, stable misconceptions occurred in the concepts involving EGC(experiential gestalt of causation) or in the concepts overgeneralized in school teaming, and finally, reinforced misconceptions as grade level increases occurred in the concepts EGC with scientific logical procedures. The results on the type of conceptual changes may provide significant cognitive theoretic evidences on the sources of misconceptions.