• ALGAE
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.349-375
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• 2006

The application of modern ecological, ultrastructural and molecular methods, aided by the cultivation of numerous cyanobacterial morphotypes, has substantially changed our knowledge of these organisms. It has led to major advances in cyanobacterial taxonomy and criteria for their phylogenetic classification. Molecular data provide basic criteria for cyanobacterial taxonomy; however, a correct phylogenetic system cannot be constructed without combining genetic data with knowledge from the previous 150 years research of cyanobacterial diversity. Thus, studies of morphological variation in nature, and modern morphological, ultrastructural, ecophysiological and biochemical characters need to be combined in a “polyphasic” approach. Taxonomic concepts for generic and infrageneric ranks are re-evaluated in light of combined phenotypic and molecular criteria. Despite their usefulness in experimental studies, the limitations of using strains from culture collections for systematic and nomenclatural purposes is highlighted. The need for a continual revision of strain identification and proper nomenclatural practice associated with either the bacteriological or botanical codes is emphasized. Recent advances in taxonomy are highlighted in the context of prospects for understanding cyanobacterial diversity from natural habitats, and the evolutionary and adaptational processes that cyanobacteria undergo.

• ALGAE
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.85-90
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• 2016

It is shown by the heterogenous nature of Borzi’s description and illustrations that Hormotila mucigena Borzi, the generitype of Hormotila, should be redefined. Borzi’s original description and accompanying illustrations of Hormotila (constituting the protologue) correspond to a minimum of five distinct genera of green algae. Two distinct concepts of the genus have persisted over the years. The genus has become based on a combination of palmelloid and physiologically stressed forms of two of the component algae. Our understanding of the genus is further confused by the incorporation of unrelated unicellular and colonial coccoid forms. There are only one or two distinctive attributes that would allow the selection of any one of the five forms as representing the genus and species. One of Borzi’s original figures is proposed to redefine the original species of the genus, Hormotila mucigena.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2011

Coagulation involves the regulated sequence of proteolytic activation of a series of proteins to achieve appropriate and timely hemostasis in an injured vessel. In the non-pathological state, the inciting event involves exposure of circulating factor VIIa to extravascularly expressed tissue factor, which brings into motion the series of steps which results in cell based model of coagulation. In the new concepts of coagulation system, initiation, amplification and propagation steps are involved to converse of fibrinogen to fibrin. The precisely synchronized cascade of events is counter-balanced by a system of anticoagulant mechanisms. Developmental hemostasis refers to the age-related changes in the coagulation system that are most marked during neonate and childhood. An understanding of these changes in crucial to the accurate diagnosis of hemostatic abnormalities in neonate and children. This review aims to elucidate the main events within the coagulation cascade as it is currently understood to operate in vivo, and also a short review of the anticoagulants as they relate to this model. Also this paper describes the common pitfalls observed in the clinical data related to the coagulation system in neonate to children.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.9-16
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• 2002

A multimedia figure learning system has been designed and implemented by using TOOBOOK. Also, the developed system has been analyzed after use it in classrooms. The analysis result shows that the multimedia system is better for understanding the concepts of revolving entity and cross section than the traditional teaching methods.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.355-375
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• 2008

Copyrights have threatened by some people even though information transfer methods are various and users can change information with others rapidly through the improvement of digital technology. The purpose of this study is to identify illegal actions against academic library users and to propose a solution to the copyright problem. Through understanding general concepts of copyrights and illegal cases against copyrights, collected essential cases were analysed. The results show that library users have copied and transferred illegally some materials with knowing unlawful actions.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.53-72
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• 1996

This article reviewed the research on factors associated with marital quality and stability. Three major categories of factors were described, including background and context, individual traits and behaviors, and couple interactional processes. This review highlighted findings from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of the prediction of marital quality and stability. Particular attention was given to marital instruments and procedures that had a solid empirical foundation for understanding the concepts related to measure of marital quality and stability. Also, empirically based intervention programs that had been designed to prevent marital distress and divorce were investigated to figure out the relationship between communication factors and conflict resolution styles. Finally, three theoretical frameworks were drawn from empirical literatures, marital measurment instruments, and programs for marital strength to predict factors associated with the marital quality and stability. Recommendations for future research and implications were described.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.81-90
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• 2007

From the study on the relation of O-mi(五味) and Sam-Eum-Sam-Yang(三陰三陽), the conclusion is as follows. The system of Sam-Eum-Sam-Yang(三陰三陽) in human body expresses a kind of inner images[象] of continuous life, that implies many complex view-points, in both inside and out-side according to time flow. Besides, O-mi(五味) is one of very important native properties of all existences, that is accepted from the state they have been located in, and it includes the principles of real nature. Based on understanding of Sam-Eum-Sam-Yang(三陰三陽), when we investigate properties of O-mi(五味) for practical use, the concepts of contraction and extension[收散], softening and hardening[軟堅], and slowing and fastening[緩急], referred in Naegyeong(內經), directly express the images of Sam-Eum-Sam-Yang(三陰三陽).

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.49-61
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• 2015

Knowledge Management (KM) has become a fundamental process for all types of institutions in society. Academic libraries are also an integral part of the knowledge system, these institutions being one of the forms that contribute to knowledge development. This study aims to find out the challenges and opportunities associated with KM practices in Dhaka University Library (DUL). The specific objectives were to ascertain the understanding of KM concepts among library professionals of DUL, to explore an overview of KM and its role, and to identify the rationale behind not practicing KM properly at DUL. Appropriate methods were employed. The findings indicate that limited expertise and lack of clear guidelines are the major challenges for the implementation of KM in DUL.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2015

Purpose - The study was designed to explore and examine the business relationships of the owners and the employees of Market Basket to analyze the implications of their recent turbulence and decisions. This article focused on two issues - business profit and labor union - to describe the uniqueness of this case. Design, methodology, data, and approach - This article, based on its purpose, applied all three approaches of case studies that are identified and described by Stake (1995), instrumental, intrinsic, and collective, to present the core nature of the issue and to improve and gain a clear understanding of this particular phenomenon. Results - The analysis of this case clearly indicates that seemingly dichotomous concepts of profit and employee welfare are not necessarily antithetical to each other Conclusions - The instant case of Market Basket serves as a testimonial for the rejection of the basic premises of corporate profits and labor unions. This case serves as a model and a practical example for many large retailers, especially the family operated retailers, and workers throughout the world.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.401-407
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• 2009

In the previous article in this series we introduced the basic concepts for statistical analysis. The present review introduces hypothesis testing for continuous and categorical data for readers of the veterinary science literature. For the analysis of continuous data, we explained t-test to compare a single mean with a hypothesized value and the difference between two means from two independent samples or between two means arising from paired samples. When the data are categorical variables, the $x^2$ test for association and homogeneity, Fisher's exact test and Yates' continuity correction for small samples, and test for trend, in which at least one of the variables is ordinal is described, together with the worked examples. McNemar test for correlated proportions is also discussed. The topics covered may provide a basic understanding of different approaches for analyzing clinical data.