• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.20-36
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• 2001

The debate about whether depressive disorders should be divided into categories or arrayed along a continuum has gone for decade, without resolution. In our review, there is more evidence consistent with the spectrum concept than there is with the idea that depressive disorders constitute discrete clusters marked by relatively discontinuous boundaries. First, "depression spectrum", "is there a common genetic factors in bipolar and unipolar affective disorder", "threshold model of depression" and "bipolar spectrum disorder" are reviewed. And, a new subtype of depression is so called SeCA depression that is a stressor-precipitated, cortisol-induced, serotonin-related, anxiety/aggression-driven depression. SeCA depression is discussed. But, there is with the idea that depressive disorders constitute discrete subtypes marked by relatively discontinuous boundaries. This subtypes of depressive disorder were reviewed from a variety of theoretical frames of reference. The following issues are discussed ; Dexamethasone suppression test(DST), TRH stimulation test, MHPG, Temperament Character Inventory(TCI), and heart rate variability(HRV).

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.45-65
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• 2009

As a number of people using the internet for their shopping steadily rises, it is increasingly important for retailers to understand why consumers decide to buy products via online or offline. The main purpose of this study is to develop and test a model that enhance our understanding of how consumers respond future online and offline channels for their purchasing. Rather than merely adopting statistical models like most other studies in this field, the present study develops a model that combines double-cohort method with multinomial logit model. It is desirable if one can adopt an overall encompassing criterion in the study of consumer behaviors form diverse sales channels. This study uses the concept of cohort or aging to enable this comparison. It enables us to analyze how consumers respond to online and offline channels as people aged by measuring their shopping behavior for an online and offline retailers and their subsequent purchase intentions. Based on some empirical findings, this study concludes with policy implications and some necessary fields of future studies desirable.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.237-270
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• 2013

Determinism and compatibilism have thought that libertarianism contradicts the scientific view. This paper demonstrates that the hypothesis that free will exists does not cause any problems and contradictions, while maintaining pro-scientific view. Rather, determinism lacks scientific and demonstrative bases. At first, I reject dualistic self by assuming identity theory of the self and physical body & brain. Free will is a functional concept or property that can have multiple realization. Therefore we can recognize whether aliens or robots have free will through observation on their acts. 'Free will' is a functional kinds term like 'digestion'. As we know we have digestive function, we can know that we have free will even before knowing the necessity of its existence by understanding micro structure of human free will. The judgement that an individual has free will function depends on whether it has particular actions. Those actions are controlling and restraining actions in context, predicting future, making elaborate conditional sentences, etc. Real being of free will is the physical occupant of the function that makes those actions. Determinism is based on various kinds of misconceptions and misunderstandings. Determinists often confuse necessity of physical law and determinism. Another decisive misunderstanding is that free will postulates same conditions and different results from the same point of time. However, free will postulates that the two points of time are different. Because determinism is unnecessary redundant hypothesis influenced by religions, according to Ockham's Razor, determinism should be eliminated.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1996

From the concepts of cellular pathology and of exfoliative cytology, as elucidated by Virchow and Papanicolaou respectively in the late 19th and early 20th century, have evolved the primary methods for the diagnosis of cancer today. From Papanicolaou's concept of exfoliative cytology developed fine needle aspiration biopsy in the early 1960's, this has become a major diagnostic procedure and has contributed to a significant reduction in open biopsies and, therefore, to medical cost-effectiveness immunobiochemical techniques provided us with a supplement to cancer diagnosis in the 1980's. The immunoperoxidase method, using monoclonal antibodies, is applied primarily as an ancillary measure to elucidate the nature of cancers The availability of specific monoclonal antibodies has greatly facilitated the identification of cell products or surface markers. For example, antibodies directed against intermediate filaments have proved to be of value in determining the histogenesis oi poorly differentiated neoplasms. Tumor markers may serve as biochemical indicators of the presence of a neoplasm. They can be detected In plasma and other body fluids. Their concentration can be applied as a diagnostic test, for monitoring the clinical course of known cancer, and as a screening measure to detect certain cancers in a population at risk. Flow cytometry is a useful tool for distinguishing several cell characteristics, such as the immunophenotype of leukemia-lymphoma cells, the DNA content of neoplastic cells, and cell proliferation rate. Molecular biologic techniques provided a giant step for the management of cancer patients encompassing diagnosis, prognostic evaluation, and therapy. Nucleic acid hybridization techniques are utilized as Southern, Northern, and dot blots and in situ hybridization. Molecular biology and its techniques may bring a blight new horizon for understanding cancer biology and in designing therapy on the basis of gene manipulation.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.431-440
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• 2012

This study examines the communication status and strategies of geological resource related companies in Korea through the comparison with American companies. Through this analysis, this study is to draw the domestic companies' characteristics and problems on communication, and even to suggest how to execute the communication about geo-technologies at national level. The results indicate that geo-technologies related compaies in Korea don't use a lot of advertising communication as means of providing informations about corporate itself, corporate activities, and it's product, etc. And the companies using advertising communication tend to execute more organization advertising focusing on corporate image than product advertising. The advertising utilized by geological resource related companies is usually targeted at consumers, they don't use advertising endorser actively. And all the companies analyzed in this study have their own website and run it. This study provides some recommendations on communication strategies and executions for various geo-technologies related organizations. (1)Advertising strategies for establishing a specific image (2)Advertising message for understanding about geo-technologies (3)A variety of advertising creative (4)A consistent advertising concept and message strategies (5)A consideration about website in terms of PR (6)Information on website for various stakeholders (7)Providing various information message on website.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.5 s.67
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• pp.55-64
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• 2006

As digital systems were introduced to automotive design in the mid 1980s, the design process has adopted many digital programs to save time compared to the conventional hand drafting. Digital technology was introduced not only to satisfy the reeds of the global environment, as the number of automobiles exported to many different parts of the world has increased, but also to save time and effort in developing several models of quality automobiles. Therefore, every automotive manufacturer in the world has expanded its virtual reality(VR) studio to establish visualization systems that visualize automobiles in the actual size and a co-operation system that enables simultaneous feedback from all of its design studios around the world. Unlike the existing design reviewing methos, the new improved feedback system is assessed as a reasonable method to evaluates and understand how the automobiles are actually manufactured in simulation. It is especially helpful when advanced products and concept cars require fast results. Other strengths of the new system include shorter development period, cost efficiency, no more manual labor, various designs within a short period of time, and realistic visualization of concepts. Large-scale products, including automobiles, need to be projected in the actual size and high clarity through the Power-wall System and are examined in a virtual space called a Cave. Therefore, it took much time to establish digital infrastructure. An infrastructure would constantly require system improvement and performance enhancement, but it is certain that now is the right time for the take-off to utilizing the strengths of digital design and improve the weaknesses. In this respect, this study provided an understanding of the importance of digital design based on digital reinforcements and examined an effective utilization of digital technology for an efficient development of automobiles in the future.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.22-29
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• 2003

The ultimate goal of a hardware design course is to equip the students with the system design ability. However, the majority of the current structures of the design courses are focused on the understanding of the operational principles of each device which is used later as a building block for the design of a system. The shortcomings of this approach are, first, that it is very hard to keep the students motivated to the end of the course where system design concepts are dealt, and, second, the students do not have enough experience of the system design which is usually required in the field. As an alternative to solve these problems, it is necessary to reverse the order of contents of the course. Namely we introduce the high level of the abstract concept of the system design in the very beginning of the course and later by lowering the level of abstraction to the operational principle of the internal devices. In this paper, we propose a new top-down methodology for the introductory hardware design course of logic design, where the design expression and verification in the system-level are introduced first and then detail knowledge on each device is introduced later. Also, we report a case result from a student's working group as part of an extracurricular education in order to verify the validity of our proposed approach

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.357-377
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to identify whether math class with clip-type contents has a significant impacts on the academic achievement and attitude of students. To answer the questions, two classes of 4th graders at Sinlim Elementary School in Gwanak-gu, Seoul were selected as subjects; they were divided into experimental group and comparative group. They were confirmed as a homogeneous group at the significance level of 0.05 during a pre-test. The findings are as follows. First, math class with clip-type contents had positive influence on the academic achievement. Second, math class with clip-type contents had positive influence on the attitude towards learning. Furthermore, proper clip-type contents for class boost their understanding and enhance their mathematical thinking with multiple views. It led to their self-confidence in learning math, developing a positive attitude towards math. The benefits of the present research can be summarized as follows. First, the math class with clip-type contents benefited both teachers and students. For teachers, it helped them boost the quality of their teaching. For students, it helped them understand the class better, improving their academic achievement. Second, the diverse, interesting contents had a positive impact on the following of the students: self-concept of math; attitude towards math; learning habits.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.315-326
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• 2020

Corporate efforts to build strong brands have made consumers interested in brand love. In the field of brand love, however, there is a lack of systematic research on the multidimensionality of the concept of brand love and on the scale development to measure it. Thus, based on the methodological research design of Churchill(1979) and DeVellis(1991), this study explored properties of brand love and classified them into two levels - 'emotion' and 'relationship' - and generated corresponding measurement items. To do this, the research was conducted in a total of eight stages, including preliminary studies such as literature review, open surveys, and in-depth interviews, as well as the main study process in which the factors were analyzed step by step. As a result, the level of emotion appeared to have five subcomponents (self-esteem, warmth, interest, responsibility, pleasure) with 19 items, and the level of relationship - three subcomponents (unchanging, sharing/supporting, understanding) with 11 items, adding up to a total of 30 measurement items for brand love with reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, and nomological validity. Additionally, we intended to expand the scope of research related to brand love by presenting the result model of organic interaction between the concepts that constitute brand love and proposing '4 categories of brand love strength' based on it.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.352-360
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the level of human rights sensitivity and the types of perception in regards to the human rights of college students to enhance their human rights sensitivity. The study methodology included a t-test and variance analysis for the level of human rights sensitivity, and a Q-factor analysis for the perception types of human rights. As a result of examining whether there is a difference in human right sensitivity, it was found that female students were higher than male students, and juniors and seniors were higher than freshmen and sophomores. The human rights sensitivity of the students in the social and science department were the highest, and those who had volunteer experiences were more susceptible to human rights than those who did not. Students who registered for organ donation were higher than those who did not, and those who received human rights education showed higher human rights susceptibility than those who did not. Four perception types of human rights were analyzed 'universal social moralists', those who have an idealistic mindset and make decisions based on moral standards, 'practical realists', those who have no intention of breaking out of the social norm and who do not want to take any risks for human rights, 'social system advocates', those who have a clear understanding of the basic human rights concept, but don't think that they should break the rules of society for the sake of individual rights, and 'social contracts advocates', those who are willing to bend the rules of society for human rights, but not to the extent of ruining relationships. These study results are expected to contribute to the possibility of the social viewpoint that human rights sensitivity can be developed in the context of social experience as well as perception.