• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1991.10b
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• pp.1956-1960
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• 1991

This paper describes the measured results upon monochromatic light, compound light, and light emanated from light emitting diodes by a simplified wavemeter with a semiconductor color sensor. Since a single unit element of a semiconductor color sensor with two PN junction photodiodes has been developed, the author has fabricated the simplified wave detector by using the element. The simplified wive detector has been measured results upon monochromatic light, compound light, and light emanated from light emitting diodes. Since luminescent color of each diode locates in luminosity region, comparison of measured values of PD-150 and PD-151 resulted no remarkable difference in averaged wave length. As for monochromatic light, PD-151 showed very cross value to the color filter peak value rather than PD-150. As for compound light, PD-150 has shown such influence of long wave length light which reaches to near infrared ray with respect to PD-151.

• Proceedings of the Korean Professional Engineer Association Conference
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• 1984.12a
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• pp.84-91
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• 1984

Heavy Residual Fuel oils is a mixture of reduced crude from crude unit, bottom products from vacuum and/or catalytic cracking unit with distillate to meet the specification and generally used as Heavy Fuel Oil for large combustion engines, boilers, etc…. But this study was made to investigate Heavy Residual Fuel oils for using as industrial raw material and resulted the following possibilties as valuable raw material as well as Heavy Fuel Oil. 1) Production of straight asphalt through vacuum distillation unit. 2) Using straight asphalt from vacuum distillation unit for manufacturing of Blown Asphalts, Cut Back Asphalts, Emulsified Asphalts and Asphalt Compound, etc…. 3) Using waxy oil side streams for manufacturing of raw oil to be Lube Oil base stocks through solvent dewaxing. 4) Production of lube base oils from dewaxed raw oil through chemical treatments. 5) Manufacturing of paraffine wax from slack wax to be produced as by product of dewaxing process.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.148-148
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• 2003

최근 홍국색소는 천연계착색료로서 뿐만 아니라 발효식품, 발효조미료등에도 이용되어 기호에 맞는 새로운 홍국 개발도 적극적으로 진행되고 있어 인지도가 높아지고 있다. 혈청콜레스테롤저하작용, 혈압강하작용, 혈당강하작용, 항산화작용등 여러가지 약리효능을 지닌 홍국균을 이용해 재래적 방법에 근거하여 홍국주를 제조하여 그 제조공정을 확립하고 품질특성을 확인하였다. Monascus purpureus를 액체배양법에 의해서 홍국코지를 제조하고 코지의 역가는 $\alpha$-amylase와 $\beta$-amylase 활성은 400unit와 4.44unit를 나타났으며, acid protease 활성은 80unit, neutral protease 활성은 91.4unit로 나타났다. 홍국코지에 증자된 쌀과 물을 혼합하여 발효경과를 측정하고, 발효가 끝난 홍국주의 DPPH법에 의한 전자공여능, 아질산염 소거능, Total phenolic compound함량, ACE저해작용등을 측정하였다. 홍국주의 발효경과 분석은 알콜도수는 2차 담금 후 2일째-13.2도, 4일-13.5, 6일째-13.5, 8일째-13.5, 10일째-13.4로 나타났다. 환원당은 2일째-23.26, 4일-20.68, 6일째-21.74, 8일째-19.93, 10일째-14.23 $^{\circ}$Brix로 점점 감소한다는 것을 볼 수 있으며, 색도에서 적색을 나타태는 Hunter value a값은 2일째 -14.72, 4일-14.97, 6일째-15.70, 8일째-16.43, 10일째-17.29로 시간이 지날수록 붉은 색소가 증가한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. pH는 2일째-4.52, 4일-4.02, 6일째-4.11, 8일째-13.11, 10일째-13.18로 pH가 약간 낮아진 것을 볼 수 있다. 산가는 2일째-8.4, 4일-6.7, 6일째-7.0, 8일째-7.5, 10일째-11.5로 pH가 산성화 될 수록 산가는 증가하는 것을 볼 수 있다. 홍국주의 전자 공여능에 의한 항산화력은 25.6%, 아질산염 소거능은 27.6%, Total phenolic compound 함량은 12.34mg%, ACE저해작용은 38%의 항산화력을 나타냈다.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.54-60
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• 2009

Exposed to various environments, concrete confronts degradation by a lot of physical and chemical reaction. Though so many experiments and theorizations on the single condition of concrete degradation have been carried out by constant studies, the truth for now is that there are few studies on the compound phenomenon of degradation related with marine environments. Accordingly, this study measured the degree of degradation in the change of external shape, the change of unit weight and compressive strength, ultrasonic velocity test, and the change of length, etc. after exposing the specimen of cement mortar to the environment between 0 cycle and the maximum of 300 cycles under the condition of aquatic curing, freezing and thawing, and compound degradation, using mineral admixture effective for concrete degradation as a binder. The result indicated that the case of adding mineral admixture showed greater resistance than that of using OPC only, and specifically, the specimen with the additive of slag powder and three component system showed very excellent resistance to freezing and thawing, and compound degradation.

• Proceedings of the Polymer Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.228-228
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• 2006

Conjugated oligomers, used as models for fluorene-thiophene copolymers, are compared in terms of the microscopic morphology of thin deposits and the optical properties. The AFM images and the solid-state absorption and emission spectra are interpreted in line with the structural data, in terms of the assembly of the conjugated molecules. The compound with a terthiophene central unit and fluorene end-groups shows well-defined monolayer-by-monolayer assembly into micrometer-long strip-like structures, with a crystalline herringbone-type organization within the monolayers. Polarized confocal microscopy indicates a strong orientation of the crystalline domains within the stripes. In contrast, the compound with a terfluorene central unit and thiophene end groups forms no textured aggregates. The difference in behavior between the two compounds most probably originates from their different capability of forming densely-packed assemblies of ${\pi-pi}$ interacting molecules. These assemblies are used as active elements in organic field effect transistors designed by using soft lithography technique.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.549-557
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• 2014

In this study, the readability of the texts in the third and the sixth grade science textbooks developed under the 2007 revised science curriculum were analyzed in terms of word and sentence units. In the word unit analyses, the levels of the words in the texts were classified into four categories, 1st to 4th levels. In the sentence unit analyses, the sentences in the texts were classified either a simple sentence or compound/complex sentences, and the average length of the sentences was also calculated. The results indicated that more than 90 percents of the words in the 2007 revised science textbooks were classified as the 1st to the 3rd levels. However, both the kinds and the frequencies of the words in the 2007 revised science textbooks were increased in comparison of those in the 7th science textbooks. In particular, it was found that the increasement in the 3rd grade science textbook was noticeable. The ratio of the compound/complex sentences in the 2007 revised science textbooks were increased in comparison of those in the 7th science textbooks. The average length of the sentences in the 2007 revised science textbooks was also increased.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 1998

The synthesis and characterization of the monomeric group 13 heterocyclic thiosemicarbazone complexes $Me_2M[SC_4H_3CHNNC(S)SCH_3]$ (M=Al (2), Ga (3)) are described. Compounds 2-3 were prepared using $MMe_3$ (M=Al, Ga) in toluene with 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde-S-methyldithiocarbazat e under anaerobic conditions. These complexes have been characterized by $^1H\;NMR,\; ^{13}C\; NMR$, elemental analyses, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group $P2_1/c$ with unit cell parameters a=10.2930(5) Å, b=18.564 (1) Å, c=7.3812(6) Å, V=1347.9(2) Å3, $D_{calc}=1.342\; gcm^{-3}$ for Z=4, 9281 reflections with $I_o<3{\sigma}\;(I_o),$ R1=0.0500 and wR2=0.0526. 3 crystalizes in the orthorhombic space group $P_{bca}$ with unit cell parameters a=13.340(3) Å, b=19.9070(5) Å, c=11.3690(2) Å, $V=2673.88(9)\;{\AA}^3$, $D_{calc}=1.511\; gcm^{-3}$ for Z=8, 17004 reflections with $I_o>3{\sigma}\;(I_o),$, R1=0.0480 and wR2=0.0524. Compound 3 is a monomeric gallium compound with a weak interaction between the pendant thiophene and the gallium center.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2001

Plasma nitrocarburising and post oxidation were performed on SM45C steel using a plasma nitriding unit. Nitrocarburising was carried out with various methane gas compositions with 4 torr gas pressure at $570^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours and post oxidation was carried out with 100% oxygen gas atmosphere with 4 torr at different temperatures for various times. It was found that the compound layer produced by plasma nitrocarburising consisted of predominantly ${\varepsilon}-Fe_{2-3}(N,C)$ and a small proportion of ${\gamma}-Fe_4(N,C)$. With increasing methane content in the gas mixture, ${\varepsilon}$ phase compound layer was favoured. In addition, when the methane content was further increased, cementite was observed in the compound layer. The very thin oxide layer on top of the compound layer was obtained by post oxidation. The formation of Oxide phase was initially started from the magnetite($Fe_3O_4$) and with increasing oxidation time, the oxide phase was increased. With increasing oxidation temperature, oxide phase was increased. However the oxide layer was split from the compound layer at high temperature. Corrosion resistance was slightly influenced by oxidation times and temperatures.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.29 no.10 s.241
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• pp.1329-1335
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• 2005

An aluminum or CFRP (Carbon Fiber ReinfDrced Plastics)is representative one of light-weight materials but its axial collapse mechanism is different from each other. The aluminum member absorbs energy by stable plastic deformation, while the CFRP member absorbs energy by unstable brittle failure with higher specific strength and stiffness than those in the aluminum member. In an attempt to achieve a synergy effect by combining the two members, aluminum CFRP compound square members were manufactured, which are composed of aluminum members wrapped with CFRP outside aluminum square members with different fiber orientation angle and thickness of CFRP, and axial collapse tests were performed fur the members. The axial collapse characteristics of the compound members were analyzed and compared with those of the respective aluminum members and CFRP members. Test results showed that the collapse of the aluminum CFRP compound member complemented unstable brittle failure of the CFRP member due to ductile characteristics of the inner aluminum member. The collapse modes were categorized into four modes under the iuluence of the fiber orientation angle and thickness of CFRP. The absorbed energy Per unit mass, which is in the light-weight aspect was higher in the aluminum CFRP compound member than that in the aluminum member and the CFRP member alone.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.412-418
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• 2018

Background: Ginsenoside Rg3(S) and compound K (C-K) are pharmacologically active components of ginseng that promote human health and improve quality of life. The aim of this study was to produce Rg3(S) and C-K from ginseng extract using recombinant Lactococcus lactis. Methods: L. lactis subsp. cremoris NZ9000 (L. lactis NZ9000), which harbors ${\beta}$-glucosidase genes (BglPm and BglBX10) from Paenibacillus mucilaginosus and Flavobacterium johnsoniae, respectively, was reacted with ginseng extract (protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside mixture). Results: Crude enzyme activity of BglBX10 values comprised 0.001 unit/mL and 0.003 unit/mL in uninduced and induced preparations, respectively. When whole cells of L. lactis harboring pNZBglBX10 were treated with ginseng extract, after permeabilization of cells by xylene, Rb1 and Rd were converted into Rg3(S) with a conversion yield of 61%. C-K was also produced by sequential reactions of the permeabilized cells harboring each pNZBgl and pNZBglBX10, resulting in a 70% maximum conversion yield. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the lactic acid bacteria having specific ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity can be used to enhance the health benefits of Panax ginseng in either fermented foods or bioconversion processes.