• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.513-519
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• 2010

A series of experiments were performed to study the influence of the following parameters on the physical traits and composition of swine manure compost: (1) addition of magnesium (Mg) at a molar ratio of 1.2 with respect to $PO_4$, and (2) reutilization of compost containing $MgNH_4PO_4{\cdot}6H_2O$ (magnesium ammonium phosphate, MAP). Three independent batch tests were conducted for replication: batch test I-control (C) and Mg added (T), batch test II-C, T and compost recycle ($T_{R1}$), and batch test III-C, T and compost recycle ($T_{R2}$). Magnesium addition and compost reutilization had no adverse effect on the degradation of organic matter. Reuse of the compost, however, had a clear effect on the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) contents in the final compost. Repeated compost reutilization as a bulking material was resulted in composts rich in N and P. Upon adding the Mg supplement to the composting materials, the ortho-phosphate (OP) to TP ratio decreased due to the MAP crystallization reaction. The decrease in the OP/TP ratio and the increase in the TP content of the compost indicate that water-soluble phosphate is converted into a slow-release phosphate by the formation of crystals during composting. X-ray diffraction analysis of the irregular shaped crystals in the compost indicated that they are MAP crystals and that the crystallization of MAP begins immediately after the addition of the Mg supplement. The Mg addition to composting materials and the reutilization of compost as a bulking material would be a practical means to conserve nutrient content.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.125-129
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• 2001

Eight vermiculite-based root media prepared with addition of complete fertilizer (2 g/L; N-$P_2$$O_5$-$K_2$O, 10-10-14) for potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) and a commercial root medium were evaluated in 2000 to develop the root media suitable for potato plug seedling production. The eight media consisted of various ratios of vermiculite, perlite, peatmoss, and compost. In addition, four rates (0, 1, 2, or 4 g/L) of the complex fertilizer for potato were added to a root medium (70% vermiculite, 10% perlite, 10% peat moss, and 10% compost by volume) to determine the optimum addition rate of the complex fertilizer for plug seedlings. Compost addition to the media increased plant height, the number of leaves per plant, and top and root fresh weight of 15-day old plug seedlings. The seedlings raised in root media containing compost produced significantly higher total tuber yield. Addition of the complex fertilizer to root media enhanced seedling growth and increased the number of tubers per plant and tuber yields. The results suggest that root media containing 50% vermiculite, 0 to 20% peat moss, 10% perlite, 20 to 40% compost, and 2 g/L complex fertilizer for potato appear suitable for potato plug seedling production.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2018

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of long-term (21-year) fertilizer and compost treatments on the yield of red pepper and chemical properties in top-dong, Suwon. Six treatments were chosen for this work: No fertilization (No fert.), NPK fertilizers (NPK), NPK and compost (NPK+Compost), NP and compost (NP+Compost), NK and compost (NK+Compost), PK and compost (PK+Compost). The yield of red pepper for 21 years indicated the significant differences among the No fertilization, the PK+Compost, and other treatments. The relative yield index was 13% and 59% respectively, for the No fertilization and the PK+Compost if the average yield of red pepper for the NPK regards $20,048kg\;ha^{-1}$ as the yield index with 100%. Soil organic matter at the compost applied treatments significantly increased compared with the No fert. and the NPK. The average increase rates of soil organic matter by applying the compost ranged from 0.69 to $0.73g\;kg^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$. Available phosphate content in soil appeared the significant increase all treatments excluding the No fert. It is estimated that the available phosphate in soil was increased by $7.0mg\;kg^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ by applying compost and $14.2mg\;kg^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ by applying P fertilizer. Application of K fertilizer or the compost alone, the NPK, the NP+Compost, continuously caused soil K depletion whereas K fertilization plus the compost maintained at a constant level of exchangeable K. The results indicated that the addition of compost to NPK fertilizer is recommended for the maximum stable yield for red pepper and enhancement of organic matter though it is also needed for adjusting of P and K fertilization.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.138-141
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• 2007

Good quality seedlings produced in the seedbed of Yangjik, traditional seedling cultivation, is one of the most important factors in determining the yield and quality of $4{\sim}6-year-old$ ginseng. This study was carried out to substitute Yacto, traditional organic fertilizer, for economical compost in the cultivation of seedling by fertilizing relatively little amount of compost into seedbed soil. Bulk density and solid phase were decreased in physical properties of seedbed soil, while air phase and porosity were increased by more addition of compost. When the amount of applied compost in seedbed soil was above $8{\ell}$ per Kan, the contents of nutrient were exceeded the range of optimal standard for ginseng cultivation. Chlorophyll content and stem length were increased by more addition of compost, while the length and the width of leaves showed the highest value at the application level of $8{\ell}$ per Kan. Heat injury was also increased distinctly above the application level of $8{\ell}$ per Kan. The number of first grade seedlings and usable seedlings, and fresh root weight per plant showed the peak at application level of $8{\ell}$ per Kan, respectively. Fertilizing the compost of $8{\ell}$ per Kan into seedbed soil was the optimal amount for producing the good quality seedlings.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.278-282
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• 2004

Compost is used mainly as an organic fertilizer, but it is also used as bedding material for cattle. Dairy cattle have been identified as a main reservoir of pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Further, E. coli is regarded as an environmental pathogen that causes bovine clinical mastitis. Hence, its growth in compost spread or compost bedding should be avoided. Physical and chemical conditions, available nutrients and microflora in compost change greatly during the composting process. Since pathogen growth in compost seems to be related to these changes, we assessed the possibility of E. coli growth in compost samples collected at 0, 7, 13, 22, 41, 190 and 360 d. Cattle waste composts with and without added tofu residue were collected from static piles and immediately air-dried. Compost samples were inoculated with a pure culture of E. coli, the moisture content was adjusted to 50%, and the samples were incubated for 5 d at $30^{\circ}C$. The numbers of E. coli in compost before and after incubation were determined by direct plating on Chromocult coliform agar. Almost all compost samples supported E. coli growth. Samples collected during or immediately after the thermophilic phase (day 7) showed the highest growth. Growth in samples more than 13 d old were not significantly different from those of aged compost samples. The addition of tofu residue gave a higher growth than its absence in younger samples collected prior to 13 d. To minimize the risk of environmental mastitis, the use of compost in the initial stage of the process is better avoided.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 1996

가정에서 분리수거한 쓰레기와 혼합쓰레기 및 퇴비화 과정중에 있는 쓰레기의 중금속 농도를 측정하였다. 카드뮴의 농도는 봄철에 8 mg/kg 쓰레기, 겨울철에 13 mg/kg 쓰레기였다. 중금속의 농도는 월별로 큰 차이를 보였으며 1월과 2월, 4월, 5월에는 카드뮴의 함량이 부산물 퇴비의 기준인 5 mg/kg 쓰레기의 농도를 초과하였다. 가정쓰레기가 혼합되기 전 분리수거된 음식쓰레기의 퇴비화 과정중에 카드뮴의 함량을 측정한 바, 봄철과 겨울철에 부산물 퇴비화의 기준치를 초과하였다. 분리수거된 가정쓰레기에 수분조절제로 첨가된 석탄회는 퇴비중의 중금속 함량을 낮추는 효과가 있었다. 소형 퇴비화 용기에서 1개월 퇴비화한 음식쓰레기를 야외에서 야적하여 숙성시켰는데, 이 기간동안에 중금속의 축적은 일어나지 않았다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.45-48
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• 2013

This study was carried out to know the substitute effect of Yacto (leaf mold compost) on popped rice hulls compost (PRHC) in Yang-jik nursery bed of Panax ginseng. PRHC was mixed with Yacto as 50:50 ratio, and 1 ~ 2% of the mixed oil cake, rice bran and urea were also added to promote decaying the mixed compost. The mixed compost made by PRHC and Yacto was showed that positive effect on the growth of ginseng seedling when it was mixed with 1% of oil cake and rice bran, and 2% of mixed oil cake. But addition to the 2% of urea in the mixture of PRHC and Yacto was not positive effect on the growth of ginseng seedling. Root yield of the mixed compost was similar to that of conventional compost by made 100% of Yacto. Therefore, the mixed compost can substitute for Yacto when PRHC and Yacto were mixed by 50:50 ratio and added 1% of oil cake and rice bran.

• 임산에너지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2002

침엽수 잎으로부터 정유를 생산하고 남는 폐잔사의 이용도를 구명하고자 소나무, 잣나무, 편백 및 화백을 이용하여 음식물찌거기와 혼합하여 퇴비화 및 조사료화를 시도하였다. 폐유기물인 음식물찌거기를 효율적으로 발효시키기 위하여 미생물균주원을 탐색하여 돈분퇴비 등으로부터 고온호기성 박테리아 및 방선균을 선발하여 혼합균주를 대량배양 하였다. 이를 음식물찌거기, 정유 잔사와 혼합하여 부숙과정을 거쳐 퇴비화를 시도하였으며 작물이용시험에 의한 양질 퇴비 여부를 판단하였다. 또한 발효 후 남는 잔사에 대한 조사료로서 이용 가능성 여부를 타진하기 위하여 영양성 평가 및 소화율을 분석하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.131-138
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• 1987

객토실시(客土實施)가 곤란(困難)한 사질답토양(砂質畓土壤)에 객토대체효과(客土代替效果)가 기대(期待)되는 수종(數種)의 개량제(改良劑)를 시용(施用)한 후(後) 투수용액중(透水溶液中)에 나오는 이들 양(量)을 정량(定量)함으로써 시용(施用된 성분(成分)이 토양(土壤)에 흡착(吸着) 또는 용탈(溶脫)되는 양상(樣相)을 구명(究明)하기 위(爲)하여 실내시험(室內試驗)을 실시(實施)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 가. 객토(客土)와 퇴비시용(堆肥施用)으로 토양(土壤)의 투수성(透水性) 감소효과(減少效果)는 현저(顯著)하였으며 퇴비(堆肥)+slag+객토(客土)>퇴비(堆肥)+객토(客土)>퇴비(堆肥)>객토(客土)>퇴비(堆肥)+slag>slag>대조구(對照區) 등(等)으로 투수속도(透水速度)가 저하(低下)되었다. 나. 퇴비(堆肥)에 slag나 객토병용처리(客土倂用處理)에서 투수용액중(透水溶液中) $NH_4-N$ 및 $SiO_2$의 농도(濃度)나 용탈량(溶脫量)이 많고 시험후(試驗後) 잔존량(殘存量)도 본답토(本畓土)나 객토(客土)보다 많았다. 다. 이와같은 경향(傾向)은 양(陽) ion 中 K, Ca 및 Mg 등(等)도 같은 양상(樣相)이며 특(特)히 K는 퇴비시용구(堆肥施用區)에서 투수중(透水中) 용탈량(溶脫量)이나 토양중(土壤中) 잔존량(殘存量)도 대조구(對照區)나 객토처리(客土處理) 보다 차이(差異)가 현저(顯著)하였다. 라. 투수용액중(透水溶液中) $Fe^{{+}{+}}$의 농도(濃度)와 용탈량(溶脫量)은 본답토(本畓土)에서 퇴비(堆肥)나 slag 처리(處理)보다 훨씬 많고 담수(湛水) 12일경(日頃)에 최고(最高)값을 보이다가 감소(減少)하였으며 $Mn^{{+}{+}}$은 오히려 본답토(本畓土)에서 가장 적었다. 마. 투수용액중(透水溶液中) $NH_4-N$ 농도총량(濃度總量)은 퇴비시용구(堆肥施用區)에서 많으나 시험후(試驗後) 토양중(土壤中)에 잔존량(殘存量)은 이와 반대경향(反對傾向)이다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.351-357
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• 1987

상품화(商品化) 되어있는 유기질비료(有機質肥料) Bio-com$^{(R)}$을 토양(土壤)에 시용시(施用時) 토양(土壤)의 pH, Eh, gas 생성(生成), Ammonia 화성율(化成率) 질산화성율(窒酸化成率) 및 미생물(微生物) 변화(變化)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 알기 위하여 일반농가퇴비(一般農家堆肥) 및 양송이 폐상퇴비등(等)을 비교(比較)하여 담수조건(湛水條件)에서 실내시험(室內試驗)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 삼요소구(三要素區)에 비(比)하여 각종(各種) 퇴비시용(堆肥施用)은 토양(土壤) pH를 상승시키는 경향(傾向)이 있었으며 Bio-com$^{(R)}$ 시용(施用)은 타공시유기물(他供試有機物)과 상이(相異)하지 않했다. 2. 시험후(試驗後) 토양(土壤)의 미생물수(微生物數) 변화(變化)는 삼요소(三要素) 혹은 각종(各種) 퇴비(堆肥)를 삼요소(三要素)와 병용(倂用)하므로서 현저(顯著)한 증가(增加)를 보였으며 농가퇴비시용구(農家堆肥施用區)에서 세균수(細菌數)의 증가(增加)가 현저(顯著)하였다. 3. Bio-com$^{(R)}$ 시용(施用)은 항온기간중(恒溫期間中) 질산화성율(窒酸化成率)을 증가(增加)시켰으며 그율(率)은 타처리(他處理)에 비(比)하여 수배정도(數培程度)높아서 밭작물재배지(作物栽培地)에 시용(施用)이 합리적(合理的)이었다. 4. Bio-com$^{(R)}$ 시용(施用)에 의한 gas의 생성(生成)은 일반퇴비(一般堆肥)나 양송이 폐상퇴비(堆肥) 시용(施用)과 비슷한 경향(傾向)을 보였고 $N_2O$의 생성(生成)은 삼요소시용(三要素施用)보다 낮은양(量)을 보였다.