• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.899-907
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of floor exercise on senior fitness test, blood lipids and arterial stiffness in elderly women with metabolic syndrome. Forty one elderly women with metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned to a exercsie group(n=23) or control goup(n=18). The exercise group performed floor exercise for 12 weeks, 3times per week. Exercise intensity was increased gradually from 30%-60% of heart rate reserve. Senior fitness, blood lipids profile and arterial stiffness were measured pre and post the 12 weeks intervention. Senior fitness(lower body strength, upper body strength, flexibility, aerobic capacity and body composition(%fat, LBM, WC)), Blood lipids(TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C) and Arterial stiffness(PWV) were significantly improved in the exercise group after floor exercise, however no changes were confirmed in the control group. These findings indicates that 12 weeks of floor exercise improves senior fitness, blood lipids and arterial stiffness in elderly women with metabolic syndrome. Thus, this study provides evidence that floor exercise is important methods to improve metabolic syndrome health. And it can reduce metabolic syndrome symptoms risk in elderly women with metabolic syndrome.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.205-210
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• 1986

A soil micromorphological study of clayey terrace soils in Yeongnam area was carried out to investigate the soil genetic features and to distinguish the soil parent materials. Dominant plasmic fabrics in the terrace soils were vosepic, mosepic, insepic, and masepic of sepic fabrics but the Geugrag and Upyeong in Yeongil sequence have an asepic fabrics. Embedded grain cutans in the terrace soils were characterized by having porphyroskelic related distribution. Among pedological features of the B horizons of the terrace soils, the argillic cutans of ferriargillans and glaebules of manganiferrous concretions were the dominant in mineralogical composition, and the papules are abundant in the most terrace soils indicating that the soils are generally old. The substrata of the Bancheon in Yeongcheon and Upyeong in Yeongil area were so different from the terrace deposits in plasmic fabrics that these soils were believed to be composed of bisequum profiles. Because of having the free grain cutans, it was considered that the substrata of Bancheon in Yeongcheon and Upyeong in Yeongil area might have a period of soil formation before deposition of the terrace materials.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.1409-1419
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• 2021

A growing number of healthy dietary ingredients in fruits and vegetables have been shown to exhibit diverse biological activities. Phloretin, a dihydrochalcone flavonoid that is abundant in apples and pears, has anti-inflammatory effects on ulcerative colitis (UC) mice. The gut microbiota and metabolism are closely related to each other due to the existence of the food-gut axis in the human colon. To investigate the interplay of faecal metabolites and the microbiota in UC mice after phloretin treatment, phloretin (60 mg/kg) was administered by gavage to ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC in mice. Gut microbes and faecal metabolite profiles were detected by high-throughput sequencing and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, respectively. The correlations between gut microbes and their metabolites were evaluated by Spearman correlation coefficients. The results indicated that phloretin reshaped the disturbed faecal metabolite profile in UC mice and improved the metabolic pathways by balancing the composition of faecal metabolites such as norepinephrine, mesalazine, tyrosine, 5-acetyl-2,4-dimethyloxazole, and 6-acetyl-2,3-dihydro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4(1H)-pyridinone. Correlation analysis identified the relations between the gut microbes and their metabolites. Proteus was negatively related to many faecal metabolites, such as norepinephrine, L-tyrosine, laccarin, dopamine glucuronide, and 5-acetyl-2,4-dimethyloxazole. The abundance of unidentified Bacteriodales_S24-7_group was positively related to ecgonine, 15-KETE and 6-acetyl-2,3-dihydro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4(1H)-pyridinone. The abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group was negatively related to the levels of 15-KETE and netilmicin. Stenotrophomonas and 15-KETE were negatively related, while Intestinimonas and alanyl-serine were positively related. In conclusion, phloretin treatment had positive impacts on faecal metabolites in UC mice, and the changes in faecal metabolites were closely related to the gut microbiota.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.25-32
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate how to make a proper investment in ICO in the market. Previously, companies used to borrow money from banks or to obtain investments from venture capital (VC) and angel investors, but now ICOs are used as a new type of funding and financing model. The ICO sells the tokens or coins created on the blockchain openly online to raise the necessary funds, and provides the market value by paying the tokens or coins as much as the investment amount. According to this study, the limitations of the ICO market are (1) difficulties in evaluating the company, (2) uncertainties in investments, (3) lack of legal safeguards, and (4) measures to secure corporate stability after recruitment. At present, there is no way to cope with this systematically since the ICO is not protected in the legal framework. Nevertheless, we investigated the ways to make proper investment in the existing ICO market. In investing in ICO, investors should (1) consider investment methods and profitability, and (2) verify and judge investment fraud through various channels (ex. Homepage, composition team profile, etc.) and make investments based on this. This study will contribute to the formation of a healthy ICO market by understanding the newly emerged ICO market and studying the considerations when investing in it, thereby contributing to the right investor training and reducing the mass production of consumer damages caused by fraud. The limitation of this study is that the domestic ICO has not yet been examined in the legal framework, so further research is needed when policy changes occur in the future.

• CELLMED
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.4.1-4.8
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• 2021

Background: The Unani system of medicine has been practised since centuries for the treatment of a range of diseases. In spite of their efficacy they have been widely criticised due to the lack of standardization and poor quality control. Standardization of Unani medicine is a valuable issue at the present because they are very prone to contamination, deterioration, adulteration and variation in composition due to biodiversity as well as careless collection. Objective: To Standardize and Development of HPTLC Fingerprinting of a polyherbal Unani formulation Qurs-e-Safa. Materials and methods: The conventional and modern analytical techniques were used to standardise Qurs-e-Safa. The study was carried into three different batches of Qurs-e-Safa prepared with its ingredients. The parameters studied are organoleptic, microscopic, physicochemical parameters, phytochemical screening, TLC, HPTLC profile, aflatoxin, microbial load and heavy metal analysis. Results and conclusion: Qurṣ-e-Sa'fa is dark yellow in colour and aromatic smell. Uniformity of diameter and weight variation were found to be 13 ± 0, and 524.7 ± 1.72 mg. friability, hardness and disintegration time of all 3 batches were found to be (0.0615 ± 0.004, 0.0885 ± 0.0047 and 0.0725 ± 0.0058), (3.5 ± 0.2886, 3.67 ± 0.1674 and 3.67 ± 0.1674) and (16 to 17 minutes). Extractive value were found to be maximum in distilled water (38.488 ± 0.20, 37.3824 ± 0.38 and 39.8177 ± 0.13) followed by alcohol (27.5406 ± 0.54, 27.5656 ± 0.32 and 26.9229 ± 0.25). Loss of weight on drying, pH, total ash, acid insoluble ash, qualitative test was set in. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of Carbohydrates, Phenols, Resins, Proteins, Steroids, fixed oil and Flavonoids. The microbial load was found absent and heavy metals were within permissible limits. The data evolved from the study may serve as a reference to validate and also help in the quality control of other finished products in future research.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.589-600
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• 2021

The present study investigated the effect of perch material type (wood and steel) on performance, blood characteristics, and feather pecking. A total of 1,700, one-day-old female Hy-Line brown chicks were evenly assigned to two treatments (wood and steel). The body weight and uniformity of birds were investigated over a 10-week experimental period. Blood characteristics and feather pecking was conducted at week 10. The wood perch treatment (WP) and steel perch treatment (SP) did not differ in their body weight, uniformity, and serum biochemical profile (except inorganic phosphorus) of pullets. Inorganic phosphorus on serum in WP significantly higher than that in SP (P<0.05). Blood corpuscle composition (leukocyte, erythrocyte, and Heterophil / Lymphocyte ratio) of pullets did not show any significant differences among treatments at week 10. Serum corticosterone and feather score that is stress and welfare indices were not affected by the type of perch material. In conclusion, our results suggest that performance, blood characteristics, and feather pecking of pullets were not affected by the perch material type. The results of this study can serve as basic data for investigating the effects of perch type on layer pullets.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.639-658
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• 2023

Although goat meat has several health benefits than other red meats but comsumers reluctant it due to its unpleasant flavor. This study aimed to investigate the odorant of goat meat as well as compare the quality traits of meat regarding sex status. The loin meats [non-castrated male (NCM), castrated male (CM), and female (FM)] were collected and stored at 4℃ in a laboratory refrigerator and analyzed on the 1^st, 5^th, and 8^th consecutive days. The moisture content was the lowest and the protein content was highest in FM (p<0.05). Fat and ash content in NCM and FM were similar while lowest in CM. The CIE L^* was significantly higher in NCM, but there were no significant differences of CIE a^* and CIE b^* within groups at initial day. The color intensity increased on the 5^th storage day and decreased again after the 8^th storage day, except in NCM. NCM displayed the highest thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value (p<0.05), whereas CM displayed a higher pH value than other groups throughout the storage period. Indole levels were the highest in NCM (0.031 mg/kg); however, skatole levels were not significant differences across all treatments (p>0.05). No significant difference was observed in the fatty acid composition between NCM and CM (p>0.05), whereas a significant difference was observed in FM (p<0.05). Most of the water-soluble metabolites showed significant differences between sexes. Overall, sex status effects on quality properties of meat and castration can improve the overall sensory acceptance by reducing goaty flavor of Korean native black goat meat.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 2018

In this study, the inflammation of ethanol extracts from Caryopteris incana (CI) and fermented C. incana (FCI) on induced to lipopolysaccharide with Raw 264.7 cell was tested. The composition profile of L. plantarum was changed by fermentation, and confirmed by HPLC analysis. We performed the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol]-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay to evaluate the toxicity of CI and FCI extracts. In cell viability, cell toxicity was not shown at 5, 10 and $15{\mu}g/mL$ of CI extracts and 10, 20, 30 and $40{\mu}g/mL$ of FCI extracts. The results of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 protein production were confirmed to be inhibitory in a concentration-dependent manner, respectively. Additionally, protein expression of nitric oxide and prostaglandin $E_2$ by CI and FCI extracts were also inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. In the result of pro-inflammatory cytokine, $15{\mu}g/mL$ concentration of CI extracts was showed tumar necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ (57.3%), interleukin (IL)-6 (35.2%), and $IL-1{\beta}$ (48.0%), respectively. And $40{\mu}g/mL$ of FCI extracts was showed $TNF-{\alpha}$ (34.6%), IL-6 (32.1%), and $IL-1{\beta}$ (30.0%), respectively. These results suggest that FCI extracts showed better effect of anti-inflammatory than CI extracts. Therefore, it was found that both CI and FCI can be used as an excellent material for the development of new anti-inflammatory resource.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.111-131
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• 1998

The migmatitic gneiss in the Odesan Gneiss Complex has small amount of quartzite, amphibolite and marble and the Kuryong Group which contact with migmatitic gneiss unconformitly, also contains some amphibolite. Preview studies of this area had regarded that the amphibolites contact with marble had been produced by metasomatism from the pelitic and calcareous sediments mixtures, but the amphibolite is reinterpreted as igneous origin. $SiO_2$ content of the amphibolite is 45.9~52.7 wt%, which corresponds to basaltic composition. MgO content has narrow range (4.6~6.87 wt%) and major and trace element are plotted against MgO,$TiO_2, P_2O_5$, Hf, Zr are reduced and Cr and Ni are increased their content with increasing MgO. This phenomenon indicates that the basaltic magma as the protolith of the amphibolite had frationated with the crystallization of the pyroxene and/or olivine. REE pattern has smoothly decrease from LREE to HREE. Eu/Eu(0.83~1.19) show the flat Eu anomaly, which indicate small fractional crystallization of plagioclase. HREE is enriched in the garnet-bearing amphibolites. Several discrimination diagram for the basaltic magma show that the amphibolite of the study area is originated tholeiitic basaltic magma indicating continental rift environment. Due to determine the metamorphic condition garnet-hornblende geothermometry and hornblende-plagioclase geobarometry are used. Peak metamorphic temperature range of the amphibolite $788~870^{\circ}C$ and is deduced toward the northeastern part. The calculated temperature from the amphibolite has slightly higher than the temperature of the metapelites but the trend of metamorphic grade which decrease from western to eastern part progradly is similar to each other. The metamorphic pressure calculated by garnet- hornblede-plagioclase geobarometry is 4~5kb. But ilmenite-plagioclase pair enclosed in garnet show 8 kb at $700^{\circ}C$ by garnet-ilmenite-rutile-plagioclase geobarometery. The zonal profile of garnet in sample 84 shows the bell-shape profile, which grossular content decreases whereas pyrope content increases progressively. This means that the amphibolite has undergone the clockwise P-T-t path which is shown in the migmatitic gneiss of the Odesan Gneiss Complex.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.443-454
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary full-fat soybeans and linseed as fat sources on in vitro ruminal disappearances of dry matter and unsaturated fatty acids and fatty acids profile. The full-fat soybeans and linseed were high in linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) and $\alpha$-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3), respectively. The incubation times were 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. After each time of incubation, medium digesta was lyophilized for analyzing its DM and fatty acids contents. DM disappearance was significantly higher in linseed treatment compared to full-fat soybeans treatment on 6 h (p<0.01), 12 h (p<0.05) and 24 h (p<0.01), but cumulative gas production was not significantly different between both treatments. Stearic acid (C18:0) content in medium digesta was increased in both soybeans and linseed as a result of complete biohydrogenation with increased incubation time and C18:0 and C18:1 contents of full-fat soybeans were significantly higher than those of linseed (p<0.05). The content of C18:2 and C18:3 in digesta of each treatment were decreased by biohydrogenation as incubation time was increased. The content of C18:2 in full-fat soybeans was significantly higher than that of linseed (p<0.05) while the content of C18:3 in linseed was significantly higher than that of full-fat soybeans (p<0.001). Net C18:0 production was significantly higher in full-fat soybeans (332.24%) than linseed (133.16%) on 72 h. Disappearance of C18:1 was significantly lower in full-fat soybeans than linseed (p<0.05), especially full-fat soybeans showed negative (-) values on 3, 6, 12 and 24 h. The disappearance of C18:3 was significantly higher in linseed than full-fat soybeans (p<0.05). The disappearance of C18-unsaturated fatty acid was significantly higher in linseed than full-fat soybeans. In conclusion, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in both full-fat soybeans and linseed were extensively biohydrogenated. In addition, biohydrogenation of PUFA was more completed to C18:0 in full-fat soybeans than linseed, reflecting dietary PUFA composition.