• Korean Membrane Journal
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2002

Nanofiltration of aqueous dye solutions was carried out using polyamide (PA) nanofiltration (NF) composite membranes. The PA composite membranes were prepared by the interfacial polymerization of piperazine (PIP) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) on the surface of microporous polysulfone (PSf) ultrafi1tration (UF) membranes. After characterization in terms of their permeation performance and surface ionic property, they were used for the separation of dye solutions such as Direct Red 75, 80, 81, and Direct Yellow 8 and 27. The separation conditions were varied to study the factors affecting on the permeation performance of the membranes: different concentrations of dye solutions, operating temperature and time, and flow rate of a feed solution. The surface property of the membrane, especially its ionic property, as a function of operating time was examined with a zeta-potentiometer and the relationship between the surface chemistry of the membrane and its permeation properties was also studied.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1998년도 추계 총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.106-108
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• 1998

It has been proved by the study on nanofiltration with PVA dense membranes in our laboratory that the PVA is good material for the formation of chemically stable nanofiltration (NF) membranes. However, the PVA NF composite membranes prepared so far have rarely shown flux and rejection high enough for the commerciallyzation. The reasons for them would be the relatively thick thickness and improper crosslinking degree of the PVA active layers of the composite membranes. In this study, PVA composite membranes with improved nanofiltration properties have been prepared and characterized in terms of the morphology and permeation properties.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2022

In industrial production, the development of traditional polyamide nanofiltration (NF) membrane was limited due to its poor oxidation resistance, complex preparation process and high cost. In this study, a composite NF membrane with high flux, high separation performance, high oxidation resistance and simple process preparation was prepared by the method of dilute solution dip coating. And the sulfonated polysulfone was used for dip coating. The results indicated that the concentration of glycerin, the pore size of the based membrane, the composition of the coating solution, and the post-treatment process had important effects on the structure and performance of the composite NF membrane. The composite NF membrane prepared without glycerol protecting based membrane had a low flux, when the concentration of glycerin increased from 5% to 15%, the pure water flux of the composite NF membrane increased from 46.4 LMH to 108.2 LMH, and the salt rejection rate did not change much. By optimizing the coating system, the rejection rate of Na₂SO₄ and PEG1000 was higher than 90%, the pure water flux was higher than 40 LMH (60psi), and it can withstand 20,000 ppm.h NaClO solution cleaning. When the post treatment processes was adjusted, the salt rejection rate of NaCl solution (250 ppm) reached 45.5%, and the flux reached 62.2 LMH.

• Korean Membrane Journal
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2007

Amphiphilic graft copolymer from poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) was synthesized using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) for composite nanofiltration membranes. Direct initiation of the secondary fluorinated site of PVDF facilitates grafting of tert-butyl methacrylate (tBMA). Amphiphilic PVDF-g-PMAA graft copolymer with a 51:49 wt ratio was obtained by hydrolyzing poly(tert-butyl methacrylate) (PtBMA) to poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA). Wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the decrease of crystallinity of PVDF upon graft copolymerization. Composite nanofiltration membranes were prepared from PVDF-g-PMAA as a top layer coated onto PVDF ultrafiltration (UF) support membrane. The morphology and hydrophilicity of membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurement. The rejections of composite membranes were 80.2% for $Na_2SO_4$ and 28.4% for NaCl, and the solution flux were 9.5 and $14.5\;L/m^2\;h$ at 1.0 MPa pressure.

• 멤브레인
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.207-217
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 복합막의 제조공법으로 가장 광범위하게 쓰이는 계면중합법을 이용하여 나노복합막을 제조하였다. Monomer의 농도 및 조성, curing 조건, 후처리 조건과 같은 복합막 제조조건과, 운전압력, 공급액의 농도와 같은 운전인자에 의한 막성능 변화를 조사하였고, 계면중합 과정중에 첨가제를 사용하여 막의 유효면적을 확대하여 투과유속을 증가시키고자 하였다. Monomer의 농도가 증가함에 따라 배제능은 일정하였지만 투과유속이 감소하였고, curing 온도가 증가함에 따라서는 오히려 안정적인 박막층의 형성이 저해되어서 배제능과 투과유속이 모두 감소하였고, curing 시간에 따른 막성능의 변화는 나타나지 않았다. Test solution의 농도가 올라감에 따라서 투과유속과 배제능 모두 감소하였으며, 운전압력이 증가함에 따라서는 배제능과 투과유속 모두 향상하는 경향을 보였다. 계면중합과정중에 사용하는 아민단량체(amine monomer) 중 방향족 다이아민(aromatic amine)인 MPD의 함량을 높임에 따라서 배제능은 증가하였지만 투과유속은 현저하게 떨어졌다. 첨가제의 농도에 따른 표면 거칠기 증가 경향은 MPD가 포함된 amine 조성일 때가 더 높았지만 투과유속은 piperazine만 단독으로 사용하였을 때보다 떨어졌다.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 2001년도 제13회 심포지엄 : 분리막 청정기술과 전기투석
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• pp.3-14
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• 2001

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2022

Al₂O₃ positively charged nanofiltration composite membrane was successfully prepared with aluminate coupling agent (ACA) as modifier, sodium bisulfite (NaHSO₃) and potassium persulfate (K₂S₂O₈) as initiator and methacryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride (DMC) as crosslinking monomer. The surface of the membrane before grafting and after polymerization were characterized by SEM and FT-IR. Three factor and three-level orthogonal experiments were designed to explore the optimal conditions for membrane preparation, and the optimal group was successfully prepared. The filtration experiments of different salt solutions were carried out, and the retention molecular weight was determined by polyethylene glycol (PEG). The results showed that the polymerization temperature had the greatest effect on the rejection rate, followed by the reaction time, and the concentration of DMC had the least effect on the rejection rate. The rejection rates of CaCl₂, MgSO₄, NaCl and Na₂SO₄ in the optimal group were 83.8%, 81.3%, 28.1% and 23.6% (average value), respectively. The molecule weight cut-off of 90% (MWCO) of the optimal group was about 460, which belongs to nanofiltration membrane.

• Korean Membrane Journal
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.86-92
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• 1999

The nanofiltration (NF) membranes based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and sodium alginate (SA) were prespared. Homogeneous PVA/SA blend membranes were prepared by casting a PVA/SA (95/5 in wi%) mixture solution on an acryl plate followed by drying at a room temperature and by cros-slinking with glutaraldehyde (GA) for 20 minutes PVA/SA blend composite membranes were also prepared by coating a PVA/SA (95/5 in wi%) mixture solution on microporous polysulfone(PSF) supports. The PVA/SA active layer of the composite membrane was crosslinked at room temperature by using an membranes were characterized with a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) a fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and permeation tests. The permeation properties of the composite membrane were as follows: 1.3{{{{ {m }^{2 } }}}}/{{{{ {m }^{2 } }}}}day of flux and >95% of rejection at 200 psi for a 1000 ppm PEG600 solution.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.173-187
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• 2015

The goal of present work is the preparation of a novel positively charged nanofiltration (NF) membrane and its development for the cation removal of aqueous solutions. This NF membrane was fabricated by the surface modification of polysulfone (PSf) ultrafiltration support. The active top-layer was formed by interfacial cross-linking polymerization of poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) with p-xylylene dichloride (XDC) and then quaternized with methyl iodide to form a perpetually positively charged layer. In order to improve the efficiency of nanofiltration membrane, the concentration of PEI, XDC and methyl iodide solutions, PEI coating and cross-linking time have been optimized. As a result, a high water flux and high $CaCl_2$ rejection (1,000 ppm) was obtained for the composite membrane with values of $18.29L/m^2.h$ and 93.62% at 4 bar and $25^{\circ}C$, respectively. The rejections of NF membrane for different salt solutions followed the order of $Na_2SO_4$ < $MgSO_4$ < NaCl < $CaCl_2$. Molecular weight of cut off (MWCO) was calculated via retaining of PEG solutions with different molecular weights that finally, it revealed the Stokes and hydrodynamic radius of 1.457 and 2.507 nm on the membrane selective layer, respectively. The most efficient positively charged nanofiltration membrane exhibited a $Ni^{2+}$ rejection of 96.26% for industrial wastewater from Shamse Hadaf Co. (Kashan, Iran).

• 멤브레인
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.132-137
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• 2008

폴리비닐리덴플로라이드(PVDF) 지지체 위에 빗살모양의 술폰화된 공중합체를 코팅하여 나노 분리막을 제조하였다. 빗살모양의 공중합체는 원자전달 라디칼 중합법(ATRP)에 의해 제조하였으며, 폴리비닐클로라이드의 주사슬과 폴리스티렌 술폰산(PSSA)의 곁사슬로 구성되어 있다. 핵자기 공명법($^1H$-NMR), FT-IR분광학 그리고 WAXS 분석법에 의해 공중합체가 성공적으로 합성되었음을 확인하였다 PVC-g-PSSA로 구성된 복합 나노 분리막은 PSSA의 함량이 증가함에 따라 플럭스와 배제율 모두 증가하였다. 이러한 성능 향상은 분리막의 술폰산의 함량의 증가로써 설명할 수 있다. PSSA가 71wt%첨가된 나노 복합막의 배제율은 $Na_2SO_4$ 88%, NaCl 33%을 나타내었고, 플럭스는 $Na_2SO_4$ 26, NaCl $34L/m^2 h$을 각각 나타내었다.