• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.264-273
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• 2018

Purpose: To investigate the current status of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) regimens in Korea and the difference in efficacy of AC administered by surgical and medical oncologists in patients with stage II or III gastric cancers. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study among 1,049 patients who underwent curative resection and received AC for stage II and III gastric cancers between February 2012 and December 2013 at 29 tertiary referral university hospitals in Korea. To minimize the influence of potential confounders on selection bias, propensity score matching (PSM) was used based on binary logistic regression analysis. The 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were compared between patients who received AC administered by medical oncologists or surgical oncologists. Results: Between February 2012 and December 2013 in Korea, the most commonly prescribed AC by medical oncologists was tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil (S-1, 47.72%), followed by capecitabine with oxaliplatin (XELOX, 16.33%). After performing PSM, surgical oncologists (82.74%) completed AC as planned more often than medical oncologists (75.9%), with statistical significance (P=0.036). No difference in the 3-year DFS rates of stage II (P=0.567) or stage III (P=0.545) gastric cancer was found between the medical and surgical oncologist groups. Conclusions: S-1 monotherapy and XELOX are a main stay of AC, regardless of whether the prescribing physician is a medical or surgical oncologist. The better compliance with AC by surgical oncologists is a valid reason to advocate that surgical oncologists perform the treatment of AC for stage II or III gastric cancers.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.315-322
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• 2009

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of individualized diabetes nutrition education. The nutrition education program was open to all type 2 diabetes patients visiting the clinic center and finally 67 patients agreed to join the program. To compare with 67 education group subjects, 34 subjects were selected by medical record review. The education program consisted of one class session for 1-2 hours long in a small group of 4~5 patients. A meal planning using the food exchange system was provided according to the diet prescription and food habits of each subject. Measurements of clinical outcomes and dietary intakes were performed at baseline and 3 months after the education session. After 3 months, subjects in education group showed improvement in dietary behavior and food exchange knowledge. In education group, intakes of protein, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin $B_2$, and folate per 1,000 kcal/day were significantly increased and cholesterol intake was significantly decreased. They also showed significant reductions in body weight, body mass index (BMI), and fasting blood concentrations of glucose (FBS), HbA1c, total cholesterol, and triglyceride. However, no such improvements were observed in control group. To evaluate telephone consultation effect, after the nutrition education session, 34 subjects of the 67 education group received telephone follow-up consultation once a month for 3 months. The others (33 subjects) had no further contact after the nutrition education session. Subjects in the telephone follow-up group showed a decrease in BMI, FBS, and HbA1c. Moreover, the subjects who did not receive telephone follow-up also showed significant decreases in BMI and FBS. These results indicated that our individually planned education program for one session was effective in rectifying dietary behavior problems and improving food exchange knowledge, and quality of diet, leading to an improvement in the clinical outcomes. In conclusion, our individualized nutrition education was effective in adherence to diet recommendation and in improving glycemic control and lipid concentrations, while follow-up by telephone helped to encourage the adherence to diet prescription.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.4081-4088
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• 2015

Background: Men and women who smoke tend to show less compliance to screening guidelines than non-smokers. However, a recent study in Korea showed that self-reported female smokers constituted less than half of cotinine-verified smokers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify hidden smokers using cotinine-verified method and examine cancer screening behavior according to biochemically verified smoking status. Materials and Methods: Among 5,584 women aged 30 years and older who participated in the Fourth and Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 372 (6.66%) hidden smokers were identified based on interview responses and verified by urinary cotinine levels. We compared cancer-screening behavior (cervical, breast, stomach, and colon cancer) of female hidden smokers to that of non-smokers and selfreported smokers by cross-sectional analysis. Results: Hidden female smokers had significantly lower adherence to breast cancer screening compared to non-smokers (aOR (adjusted odds ratio) [95% CI] = 0.71 [0.51-0.98]). Adherence to stomach cancer (aOR [95% CI] = 0.75 [0.54-1.03]) and cervical cancer (aOR [95% CI] = 0.85 [0.66-1.10]) screening was also lower among hidden female smokers compared to non-smokers. Self-reported (current) smokers showed lowest adherence to cervical cancer (aOR: 0.64, 95% CI0.47-0.87), breast cancer (0.47 [0.32-0.68]), stomach cancer (0.66[0.46-0.95]), and colon cancer (0.62 [0.38-1.01]) screening compared to non-smokers, followed by female hidden smokers, then non-smokers. These lower adherence rates of current smokers were attenuated after we incorporated hidden smokers into the current smoker group. Conclusions: Cancer screening adherence of female hidden smokers was lower than cotinine-verified non-smokers but higher than current smokers. Considering the risk of smoking-related cancer among women, identifying hidden smokers is important to encourage appropriate cancer screening.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.496-502
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• 2015

탄화수소 이슬점은 천연가스 응축형태를 특성화하는 가장 일반적이고 자주 이용되는 물성으로 가스 품질 사양의 중요한 항목이다. 탄화수소 이슬점은 미량의 고탄화수소 성분에도 매우 민감한 것으로 알려져 있어, 특히 천연가스를 공급하는 가스 회사 입장에서는 기존 합의된 가스 사양을 만족하는 것 뿐만 아니라, 발생된 탄화수소 응축물에 의해 운영설비 및 안전에 심각한 문제를 일으킬 수 있으므로 탄화수소 이슬점을 정확하게 구하는 절차를 확립하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 실제 현장조건 하에서 탄화수소 이슬점을 측정하기 위해 냉각 거울 방식의 이슬점 측정기를 설치, 운영하였으며, 측정된 이슬점 온도는 가스분석기에 의해 분석된 조성 및 천연가스 산업계에서 인정된 상태방정식을 이용하여 계산된 이슬점 온도와 비교하였다. 시험 결과 탄화수소 이슬점 측정기는 매우 안정되게 이슬점을 측정하였으며, 이슬점 측정기를 검증하기 위한 시험 가스로는 순수 프로판 가스가 적정하였다. 제조 표준가스 및 실제가스의 측정결과를 가스분석기에 의한 간접 측정 결과와 비교시에도 적정한 범위 내에서 일치하는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

레벨셋 기법과 무요소법을 결합한 위상 및 형상 최적설계 기법을 개발하여 선형 탄성문제에 적용하였다. 설계민감도는 애드조인트법을 사용하여 효율적으로 구하였다. 해밀턴-자코비 방정식을 업-윈드 기법을 이용하여 수치적으로 풀었으며, 구조물의 경계는 레벨셋 함수를 이용하여 암시적으로 표현하였다. 구조물의 응답과 설계민감도를 얻기 위하여 암시적 함수를 사용하여 명시적 경계를 생성하였다. 재생 커널 기법에 기초하여 얻어진 전역 절점 기저함수를 사용하여 연속체 지배방정식의 변위장을 이산화하였다. 따라서 질점들을 연속체 영역의 어느 곳이든 위치시킬 수 있으며, 이는 통해 명시적 경계를 생성하는 것이 가능하며, 결과적으로 정확한 설계를 얻을 수 있다. 개발된 방법은 제한 조건이 있는 최적설계 문제에 대하여 라그랑지안 범함수를 정의한다. 이는 경계의 변화를 통하여 허용 부피 제한조건을 만족시키면서 컴플라이언스를 최소화한다. 최적설계 과정 동안 라그랑지안 범함수의 최적화조건을 만족시킴으로써 해밀턴-자코비 방정식을 풀기 위한 속도장을 얻는다. 기존의 형상 최적설계 기법에 비하여, 본 방법론은 위상과 형상의 변화를 쉽게 얻어낼 수 있다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제82권4호
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• pp.306-310
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• 2019

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is increasing in immigrants. We aimed to investigate the current status of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) treatment for North Korean Refugees (NKR) compared to South Koreans Contacts (SKC). Methods: TB close contacts in a closed facility of SKC and NKR who underwent LTBI screening in a settlement support center for NKR were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Among tuberculin skin test (TST) ${\geq}10mm$ (n=298) reactors, the males accounted for 72.2% in SKC (n=126) and 19.5% in NKR (n=172) (p<0.01). The mean age was higher in South Korea ($42.8{\pm}9.9years$ vs. $35.4{\pm}10.0years$, p<0.01). Additionally, the mean TST size was significantly bigger in NKR ($17.39{\pm}3.9mm$ vs. $16.57{\pm}4.2mm$, p=0.03). The LTBI treatments were initiated for all screened NKR, and LTBI completion rate was only 68.0%. However, in NKR, LTBI treatment completion rate was significantly increased by shorter 4R regimen (odds ratio [OR], 9.296; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.159-20.774; p<0.01) and male (OR, 3.447; 95% CI, 1.191-9.974; p=0.02). Conclusion: LTBI treatment compliance must be improved in NKR with a shorter regimen. In addition, a larger study regarding a focus on LTBI with easy access to related data for NKR should be conducted.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.1223-1235
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• 1998

연구배경 : 급성호흡곤란증후군(ARDS) 환자의 폐 산소화를 개선시키기 위한 보조적 치료법인 복와위 자세에서의 인공환기는 대상 환자의 약 61%에서, 흡입 산화질소 투여는 60-80%에서 효과가 있는 것으로 보고되어 있다. 산소화 호전의 주된 기전은 복와위시는 이환이 심한 등쪽 폐의 환기 호전에 의한 단락 감소이며, 산화질소 투여 시는 이환부위로부터 정상 폐포로의 폐 혈류의 재분포에 의한 단락 감소안 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러므로 복와위와 산화질소의 병용 치료 시 산소화 개선에 상승 효과를 기대할 수 있으나 이에 관한 임상 연구는 없었다. 이에 저자들은 ARDS환자에서 두 치료의 병합이 가스 교환 및 혈류 역학에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 방 법 : ARDS 환자 12명(연령 $56{\pm}12$ 세, 남 : 여=9 : 3)을 대상으로 앙와위에서 호흡 및 혈류역학적 지표를 측정한 후 복와위로 전환하였다. 복와위 30분과 2시간에 동일 지표들을 측정한 뒤 산화질소를 투여하고 (5-10 ppm), 이후 30분, 2 시간 및 산화질소 투여 중단 후 10분에 각각 동일 지표들을 재 측정하였다. 결 과 : 가스 교환 지표 : 복와위에서 산화질소 병용 치료시, 앙와위 및 복와위에서보다 $PaO_2/FiO_2$가 증가되었고(각각 p< 0.01) 폐동맥혈 산소분압차($AaDO_2$)는 감소하였다(각각 p<0.005). 호흡 역학적 지표 : 폐 탄성, 호흡기계 탄성, 기도 저항 및 흡기말 기도압은 치료 방법에 따른 차이가 없었다. 혈류 역학적 지표 : 복와위에서 산화질소 병용 치료시, 앙와위 및 복와위에서보다 심 박출량 및 조직산소전달량($DO_2$)이 증가되었으며(각 P< 0.05), 폐혈관 저항, 평균 폐동맥압 및 폐동맥쐐기압은 감소되었다(각 P< 0.05). 결 론 : 급성호흡곤란증후군 환자에서 복와위 및 산화질소 홉업의 병용 치료는 복와위 단독 치료에 비해 폐산소화 호전에 상승 작용이 있으며, 조직으로의 산소 전달량도 증가시키므로 급성호흡곤란증후군 환자의 보조적인 치료법으로써 유용할 것으로 사료되었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.294-305
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• 2015

본 특허정성분석은 "층상구조 기반의 리튬이차전지용 양극 활물질"의 우리나라, 미국, 일본, 유럽, PCT (WO)의 유효특허 1,294건을 분석한 것으로, 특허가 갖는 기술 중요도 부분과 특허 중요도 부분으로 나누어 Table 1과 같은 기준으로 평가하였고, 이를 토대로 104건의 주요특허와 20건의 핵심특허를 선정하였다. 그리고 선정된 주요특허와 핵심특허를 시계열적 기술 흐름도로 작성하여 각 기술 분류별로 특허 출원 시점과 발전 과정, 핵심특허의 위치를 확인하였다. 마지막으로 특허 분석 내용을 토대로 향후 기술개발을 위하여 현재 출원 등록된 기술들과의 차별화 방안 및 회피전략을 제시하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2013

The traffic culture index is used as a major index in evaluating the traffic safety services of local governments and also serve as important data for the planning and implementation of traffic safety services. However, as the traffic culture index gradually became a standard for comparison among local governments, in part, certain cases arose which questioned the grounds for selecting variables for the index and the validity of the index in terms of its influential relationship between evaluation items. This study analyzed the index's influential relationship by utilizing a PLS structural equation model based on the evaluation results of the 2011 traffic culture index. A variable-linking model was created which recognized the relativity taking into account of the indirect effects between latent variables and this model was proven to be a model suitable in explaining the traffic culture index with a 97.8% explanation power. It was found that traffic safety(0.530), driving behavior(0.527), pedestrian behavior(0.187) and vulnerable road users(0.147), in such order, had an effect on the traffic culture index. It was also found that human casualties due to traffic accidents under "traffic safety" and traffic light compliance rate under "driving behavior" had an important effect. The study showed that motor vehicle share in illegal parking in school zones did not have a valid explanation power regarding "vulnerable road users".

• 한국신뢰성학회지:신뢰성응용연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2015

Purpose : The demand for higher fuel economy vehicles has helped develop fuel-efficient vehicles such as a CVVL called continuous variable valve lift. Existing CVVL has been applying DC type motor to control intake valve, but recently some car parts manufacturers have been developing a BLDC type CVVL motor for improvements of endurance performance. The purpose of this study is to find the potential failure mechanism of the CVVL BLDC moto in early stage of development based on the design properties and design the accelerated life test model. Methods : CVVL BLDC is consist of brushs, coil, magnetic, PCB, bearing and so on. Each component has a latent failure mechanism caused by temperature, humidity, vibration. By analysis result of the failure mechanism, thermal fatigue is the most important factor of a durability of CVVL BLDC motor. So, we designed a new accelerated life test model for guarantee of the CVVL BLDC motor. Results : A crack occurred on via hole in test using the conditions we designed, so we did change the design to avoid this failure. The via hole dimension is changed a little larger, as a result we achieve improvements in reliability of the CVVL BLDC motor. By applying various kinds and extreme level of stresses, we can find the operating limits of products. Conclusion : In thesis, We analyzed the failure mechanism of CVVL BLDC and designed an accelerated life test method to give a guarantee for reliability. Based on the test results, we could improve the reliability of developments by change of design.