• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.231-235
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• 2015

Damage to peripheral nerves or the spinal cord is often accompanied by neuropathic pain, which is a complex, chronic pain state. Increasing evidence indicates that alterations in the expression and activity of gap junction channels in the spinal cord are involved in the development of neuropathic pain. Thus, this review briefly summarizes evidence that regulation of the expression, coupling, and activity of spinal gap junction channels modulates pain signals in neuropathic pain states induced by peripheral nerve or spinal cord injury. We particularly focus on connexin 43 and pannexin 1 because their regulation vastly attenuates symptoms of neuropathic pain. We hope that the study of gap junction channels eventually leads to the development of a suitable treatment tool for patients with neuropathic pain.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.391-419
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• 2010

이 연구는 이주노동자를 대상으로 정보리터러시(information literacy)의 수준이 높은 집단과 그렇지 않는 집단을 비교분석하여 정보리터러시 격차(information literacy gap)를 야기하는 요인을 규명하는데 목적을 둔다. 이러한 목적을 달성하고자, 이주노동자와 NGO 실무자에 대한 심층인터뷰를 통해 정보리터러시 격차를 야기하는 다양한 요인들의 작용을 발견하였다. 조사 결과, 이주노동자의 정보리터러시 격차는 연령, 결혼여부, 직업에 영향을 받을 뿐 아니라, 한국어교육 및 정보활용교육의 차이, 정보기술에 대한 적응력, 사회활동에 대한 적극성, 사회연결망 등의 개인적 차이와 함께 기술적 경제적 사회적 정책적 요인이 복합적으로 작용해서 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 이렇게 다차원적이고 복합적인 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 다문화정보서비스를 위한 거버넌스를 구축할 필요가 있다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.335-353
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to the determine the optimal torques values to tighten the retaining screw. 3-different implant system tested were as follows : Branemark implant system$(3.75mmD{\times}100mm)$, Steri-Oss implant system$(3.8mmD{\times}10mm)$. One fixtures of each implant system was mounted into the epoxy resin block and abutment/superstructure complex was constructed. Eighty dental college students(male : 40, female : 40) of Chosun University were selected and were asked to tighten the retaining screws. Abutment/superstructure complex of each implant system was tightened to the maximum torque by use of hand-held screw driver, and then torque value was measured with torque value was measured with torque driver(Tohnichi torque driver, model 20 FTD, Tohnichi MFG, Co., LTD., Tokyo, Japan). Abutment/superstructure complex of each implant system was titghtened to each torque of 10 N-cm, 20 N-cm and 30 N-cm, and then the dynamic load(vertical & diagonal load) was applied to the abutment / superstructure complex. The gap between abutment/superstrure in each implant system was measured with 3-dimensional measuring microscope(model No. 850, Germany). The results were as follow : 1. Torque values according to the individual subjects showed wide range. 2. Torque values according to sex showed statistical significant difference. Those are as follows : in case of male, $9.38{\pm}2.93$ N-cm ; incase of female, $7.80{\pm}2.25$ N-cm. 3. Torque values according t implant systems showed statistical significant difference. Those are as follows : in ase of Branemark implant system, $6.54{\pm}1.54$ N-cm : in ase of Steri-Oss implant system, $10.1{\pm}2.88$ N-cm ; in case of IMZ implant system, $9.18{\pm}2.17$ N-cm. 4. The more torque value of tightening screw was increased, the less the gap was after the vertical and diagonal loading. 5. The gap after the diagonal loading was greater than that after the vertical loading. 6. The magnitude of gap between abutment/superstructure in order of IMZ, Steri-Oss, Branemark implant system after the verical and diagonal loading. 7. The gap under the diagonal loading after applying 30 N-cm torque showed no statistical significant difference in cases of the Branemark system and the Steri-Oss implant system but it showed significant different in case of the IMZ implant system.

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제33A권5호
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• pp.149-154
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• 1996

We propose the concept of incident angle of complex number and analyze planar optical waveguides by applying the concept. The incident angle of complex number is concerned with the modeling of prism-gap-waveguide structures. It is shown that, when optical waveguides are analyzed by use of the transfer matrix method, the proposed concept enable us to find solutions faster and more accurately than ghatak's method which introduces the leaky structure.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.103-107
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• 2002

The Good Agriculture Practice (GAP) program, being established in China, is an optimal way for the sustainable utilization of the medicinal plant and animal resources. Most frequently used Chinese materia medica will be mainly produced from the GAP bases in the future. To assure the successful operation of GAP program, standard operating procedure (SOP) should be implemented for specific plants or animals. Both GAP and SOP include the requirements in many aspects from the ecological environment of cultivation place, germplasm and varieties, seedling and transplant, fertilization, irrigation, and field care, to harvest and process, package, transport and storage. As a complex system, GAP demands strong commitment from the pharmaceutical industry, local administrative involvement, long term R&D support, and years of time of development before a satisfactory result can be achieved.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.321-329
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• 2000

Welding is essential for the manufacture of a range of engineering components which may vary from very large structures such as ships and bridges to very complex structures such as aircraft engines, or miniature components for microelectronic applications. Especially, a domestic situation of the welding automation is still depend on the arc sensing system in comparison to the vision sensing system. Specially, the gap-detecting of workpiece using conventional arc sensor is proposed in this study. As a same principle, a welding current varies with the size of a welding gap. This study introduce to the fuzzy membership filter to cancel a high frequency noise of welding current, and ART2 which has the competitive learning network classifies the signal patterns the filtered welding signal. A welding current possesses a specific pattern according to the existence or the size of a welding gap. These specific patterns result in different classification in comparison with an occasion for no welding gap. The patterns in each case of 1mm, 2mm, 3mm and no welding gap are identified by the artificial neural network.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.178-183
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• 2001

Welding is essential for the manufacture of a range of engineering components which may vary from very large structures such as ships and bridges to very complex structures such as aircraft engines, or miniature components for microelectronic applications. Especially, a domestic situation of the welding automation is still depend on the arc sensing system in comparison to the vision sensing system. Specially, the gap-detecting of workpiece using conventional arc sensor is proposed in this study. As a same principle, a welding current varies with the size of a welding gap. This study introduce to the fuzzy membership filter to cancel a high frequency noise of welding current, and ART2 which has the competitive learning network classifies the signal patterns the filtered welding signal. A welding current possesses a specific pattern according to the existence or the size of a welding gap. These specific patterns result in different classification in comparison with an occasion for no welding gap. The patterns in each case of 1mm, 2mm, 3mm and no welding gap are identified by the artificial neural network.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2013

A specific inhibitor of RNA polymerase II, ${\alpha}$-amanitin is broadly used to block transcriptional activities in cells. Previous studies showed that ${\alpha}$-amanitin affects in vitro maturation of cumulus-oocyte-complex (COC). In this study, we evaluated the target of ${\alpha}$-amanitin, and whether it affects oocytes or cumulus cells (CCs), or both. We treated ${\alpha}$-amanitin with different time period during in vitro culture of denuded oocytes (DOs) or COCs in comparison, and observed the changes in morphology and maturation status. Although DOs did not show any change in morphology and maturation rates with ${\alpha}$-amanitin treatment, oocytes from COCs were arrested at metaphase I (MI) stage and CCs were more scattered than control groups. To discover causes of meiotic arrest and scattering of CCs, we focused on changes of cumulus expansion, gap junctions, and cellular metabolism which to be the important factors for the successful in vitro maturation of COCs. Expression of genes for cumulus expansion markers (Ptx3, Has2, and Tnfaip6) and gap junctional proteins (Gja1, Gja4, and Gjc1) decreased in ${\alpha}$-amanitin-treated CCs. However, these changes were not observed in oocytes. In addition, expression of genes related to metabolism (Prps1, Rpe, Rpia, Taldo1, and Tkt) decreased in ${\alpha}$-amanitin-treated CCs but not in oocytes. Therefore, we concluded that the transcriptional activities of CCs for supporting suitable transcripts, especially for its metabolic activities and formation of gap junctions among CCs as well as with oocytes, are important for oocytes maturation in COCs.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.117-129
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• 2024

This paper introduces collective navigation through a narrow gap using a curriculum-based deep reinforcement learning algorithm for a swarm of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Collective navigation in complex environments is essential for various applications such as search and rescue, environment monitoring and military tasks operations. Conventional methods, which are easily interpretable from an engineering perspective, divide the navigation tasks into mapping, planning, and control; however, they struggle with increased latency and unmodeled environmental factors. Recently, learning-based methods have addressed these problems by employing the end-to-end framework with neural networks. Nonetheless, most existing learning-based approaches face challenges in complex scenarios particularly for navigating through a narrow gap or when a leader or informed UAV is unavailable. Our approach uses the information of a certain number of nearest neighboring UAVs and incorporates a task-specific curriculum to reduce learning time and train a robust model. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified through an ablation study and quantitative metrics. Simulation results demonstrate that our approach outperforms existing methods.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2013

As the consumers' anxiety for food increases, the interest in food safety also increases. To satisfy the public requirement on food safety, the government is trying to set up a food safety standard by using regulations and certification systems. However, there is still difficulty in building up complex traceability systems for medicinal crops including ginseng due to the low participation of farming industries. The purpose of this empirical research is to draw factors that impede the GAP adoption of ginseng farms. By comparing the average attitude and intention to adopt the ginseng farms' depending on its characteristics through a two-tailed test, it was drawn that continuous farming education can positively influence the GAP adoption of the ginseng farms.