• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.227-235
• /
• 2017

This paper describes some of the challenges for structural design of a mid-story seismic isolated high-rise building, which is located near Tokyo station, completed in 2015. The building is a mixed-use complex and encompasses three volumes: one substructure including basement and lower floors, and a pair of seismic isolated superstructures on the substructure. One is a 136.5m high Main Tower (office use), and the other is a 98.5 m high South Tower (hotel use). The seismic isolation systems are arranged in the $3^{rd}$ floor of the Main Tower and $5^{th}$ floor of the South Tower, so that we call this isolation system as the mid-story seismic isolation. The primary goal of the structural design of this building was to secure high seismic safety against the largest earthquake expected in Tokyo. We adopted optimal seismic isolation equipment simulated by dynamic analysis to minimize building damage. On the other hand, wind-induced vibration of a seismic isolated high-rise building tends to be excited. To reduce the vibration, the following strategies were adopted respectively. In the Main Tower with a large wind receiving area, we adopted a mechanism that locks oil dampers at the isolation level during strong wind. In the South Tower, two tuned mass dampers (TMDs) are installed at the top of the building to control the vibration. In addition, our paper will also report the building performance evaluated for wind and seismic observation after completion of the building. In 2016, an earthquake of seismic intensity 3 (JMA scale) occurred twice in Tokyo. The acceleration reduction rate of the seismic isolation level due to these earthquakes was approximately 30 to 60%. These are also verified by dynamic analysis using observed acceleration data. Also, in April 2016, a strong wind exceeding the speed of 25m/s occurred in Tokyo. On the basis of the record at the strong wind, we confirmed that the locking mechanism of oil damper worked as designed.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.207-218
• /
• 1999

The increased number of elderly in Korea presents great challenges for community nutrition programs. Strategies to enhance elderly nutrition are needed, as well as dietary advice that are reality-based and tailored to the need of the elderly. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the overall effectiveness of an elderly nutrition improvement program(ENIP), by assessing changes in nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and behavior after program completion. ENIP was conducted in Suwon for 4 months in 1998 at 5 centers for the elderly. The program provided individual nutrition counseling and brief biweekly group education sessions. To stimulate participation and motivation, the elderly in two centers were served free milk packs(200ml) three time a week during the program(milk＋education group), and the elderly in 3 other centers were served yoghurt on the program day(education group). Altogether, 102 subjects finished the program(milk＋education group 67 ; education group 35). Data about nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, diet records(24 hour recall) and dietary habit was collected before(baseline) and after the program(follow-up). The Drop-out rate for the milk＋education group(2.9%) was significantly lower than that for the education group(30.0%)(p<.001). The Nutrition Knowledge fo females milk＋education group increased significantly after the program, but no significant differences were observed in other groups. Over 60% of all the elderly showed positive responses to the healthy eating attitudes. Energy, protein, vitamin A, riboflavin, Calcium and Potassium intakes improved in the male milk＋education group. The Vitamin C intake improved in the male education group. Energy and vitamin A intakes improved in the female milk＋education group and energy, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, Ca nad P in the female education group. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the effects of food intake changes on overall nutrient quality. For all elderly, the fish intake explained 12.6% of the variance, followed by candy intake and vegetable intake(model $R^2$=19.6%). Dietary habits such as meal time regularity and salty food reduction were markedly improved in both groups. Sixty-one percent of the milk＋education subjects stated their participation was voluntary and active, while 51% of education subjects did. Sixty four percent of the subjects stated their interest on diet increased remarkably through program participation. Considering the results, it is conjectured that ENIP had a great impact on nutrient intake, dietary attitudes and habits. Milk supplement showed no direct effects on elderly nutrition improvement, but it encouraged the program by reducing drop-out rates and inducing voluntary participation. Therefore milk supplement could enhance the community nutrition education program. Moreover it is strongly suggested that the ENIP be expanded to other communities.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.87-94
• /
• 1996

For evaluating the suitability of human follicular fluid(HFF) as protein supplement in ART, this preliminary study was performed to examine the maturation promoting activity of HFF on mouse follicular oocytes in vitro. Mouse follicular oocytes were collected from ovaries of 21-28 day old ICR mice by puncturing the antral follicles with fine needle at 48 hours after PMSG injection. The oocytes were rinsed and cultured in modified Whittingham's $T_6$ medium containing purines or dbcAMP to maintain meiotic arrest, and different concentrations of HFF were added into the culture medium to examine the effect of HFF on releasing the oocytes from the suppressive influence of the meiotic inhibitors. As a control for HFF, the maturation promoting activity of human fetal cord serum(HFCS) was investigated and compared with the activity of HFF. While HFF was separated, by molecular weight(M.W), into high M.W. fraction(M.W>30,000) and low M.W. fraction(M.W<30,000) and the effects of the fractions on meiotic resumption were investigated in the presence of the meiotic inhibitors. Also hormone analysis was performed to compare the content of hormones in HFF with that in HFCS. Same concentrations of HFF and HFCS induced similar germinal vesicle break down(GVBD) rates of the oocytes meiotic arrested by purines(4mM hypoxanthine+0.75mM adenosine), but the extrusion rate of 1st polar body(PB) of the oocytes cultured in HFF(65.0%, P<0.05) was significantly higher than that(51.6%) in HFCS. While, in the presence of 200 M dbcAMP, the maturation promoting activity of HFF (GVBD: 70.5%, $p<10^{-6}$; 1st PB extrusion: 67.1%, $p<10^{-3}$) was significantly greater than that of HFCS(GVBD: 35.2%; 1st PB extrusion: 41.1%). The oocytes cultured in the fraction of HFF containing high M.W. components showed higher meiotic maturation rates than the oocytes cultured in the low M.W. fraction of HFF. Gonadotropins and $E_2$ were known to improve the completion of maturation changes, and the levels of these hormones were higher in HFF than in HFCS. Therefore, HFF was more effective than HFCS to use for promoting meiotic resumption of mouse oocytes in vitro.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.34 no.4 s.117
• /
• pp.96-104
• /
• 2006

Impervious pavement is primary contributor to the malfunctioning of the urban water circulation system. The aim of this research is to provide basic information and data for new pavement materials and paving technology which could enhance the urban water circulation system. For the study purposes, physical properties of soils sampled from 16 stations were analyzed. The sampling spots were paved with grass block porous pavement material. The findings from the analysis are as follows. The hardness of soils under the pavement was $17{\sim}22mm$ for thoroughfare and $6{\sim}32mm$ for parking areas. The bulk density was $1.42{\sim}1.81g/cm^{3}$ for thoroughfare and $1.38{\sim}1.75g/cm^{3}$ for parking area. The solid phase ration was $46.9{\sim}62.5m^{3}/m^{3}$ for thoroughfare and $45.6{\sim}61.3m^{3}/m^{3}$ for parking area. The porosity was $37.5{\sim}53.1m^{3}/m^{3}$ for thoroughfare and $38.7{\sim}54.4m^{3}/m^{3}$ for parking area. The saturated hydraulic conductivity was $8{\sim}164mm/hr$ for thoroughfare and $14{\sim}201mm/hr$ for parking area. The saturated hydraulic conductivity of the H sample area (the area was completed three months ago) and that of the other area were compared. There was up to 80% decreases of the saturated hydraulic conductivity within one year after the completion of pavement. After the first year, decrease in the saturated hydraulic conductivity was modest. Also there are changes in both surface and under soil physical properties of the grass block porous pavement depending on compaction. The extent of change depends on the degree of compaction. All these factors are combined to influence the permeability of the soil under the pavements. The results of this suggest that it is required to develop a new pavement technology which ensures both the durability and porosity of the pavement to improve the water circulation system by applying Ecological Area Rate.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.81-99
• /
• 2018

Excessive groundwater discharge by tunneling and tunnel operation can lead to groundwater exhaustion and ground subsidence. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate environmental impact and to establish mitigation measures of the impact related to tunnel excavation based on hydrogeological and modeling approaches. This study examined the depletion of surface reservoirs and valley water due to tunnel excavation through field survey, water quality analysis, tracer test, and groundwater modeling. As a result of field water quality test, the concentration of chemical constituents in groundwater discharge into the tunnel is slightly higher than that of valley water. By the result of laboratory water analysis, both valley water and the groundwater belong to $Ca^{2+}+HCO_3{^-}$ type. Tracer test that was conducted between the valley at the injection point and the tunnel, indicates valley water infiltration into the ground and flowing out to the tunnel, with maximum electrical conductance changes of $70{\mu}S/cm$ in the first test and of $40{\mu}S/cm$ in the second test. By groundwater modeling, the groundwater discharge rate into the tunnel during tunnel construction is estimated as $4,942m^3/day$ and groundwater level recovers in 3 years from the tunnel completion. As a result of particle tracking modeling, the nearest particle reaches the tunnel after 6 hours and the farthest particle reaches the tunnel after 9 hours, similarly to the case of the field trace test.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.567-575
• /
• 1998

Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer has been known for hundreds of years as the most valuable drug having mysterious effects among all the herbal medicines and plants in Korea. Also, many experimental studies have been performed recently that the various effects were identified and applied clinically. So we attempted an experimental study on the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 mixtures in an isolated rat heart with the use of the Langendorff model. The objective of this study was to determine whether this ginsenoside Rg1 mixtures would protect the myocardial injury after ischemic arrest and reperfusion. Isolated rat hearts were allowed to equilibrate for 20 minutes and were then subjected to 15 minutes of normothermic ischemia. After this ischemic period, isolated rat hearts were allowed to reperfusion for 10 minutes(Ischemic Group). In other group , isolated rat hearts were perfused for 60 minutes continuously with normothermia( Normothermic Group). Hemodynamic and biochemical parameters such as heart rate, left ventricular pressure, +dp/dt max, coronary blood flow and cardiac enzymes were measured during initial perfusion, ischemia, reperfusion period (Ischemic group) and 20, 40 and 60 minutes after continuous perfusion(Normothermic group). After completion of the experiment, this data was evaluated and the following results were obtained. 1. Heart rates showed an increase in both ischemic and normothermic experimental groups, but statistically significant differences were not identified. 2. LVP(Left Ventricular Pressure) showed statistically significant differences in both ischemic and normothermic experimental groups(p<0.005, p<0.01). 3. +dp/dt max showed statistically significant differences in both ischemic and normothermic experimental groups(p<0.01, p<0.01). 4. There were no statistically significant differences in coronary blood flow and cardiac cenzymes in all groups, but experimental groups seemed to have better protection and recovery. These results suggest that ginsenoside Rg1 mixtures has a protective effect on the myocardial injury after ischemia and reperfusion.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.59-68
• /
• 2008

Three phases of development in construction projects (i.e. pre-development, construction and post construction) diversely effect the environment, hydraulics and ecosystem. Currently, the domestic environmental policy is in control of the various environmental hazards produced after completion of development operations. Nevertheless, with the enforcement of water pollution total amount management system, improving the water quality; also the water and ecosystem preservation law recommends enforcing the sediment management for development operations in order to lessen the negative impacts to the environment. Recently, the country is experiencing difficulties in various development project locations due to insufficiency of interpreting the fundamental data for sediment loss and miscalculation of soil loss unit loads of sediment. This research utilizes data from 2000 to 2005 discussing a total of 1,036 environment impact assessment projects gathered from various ministries and offices namely Ministry of Environment (MOE), Ministry of Agriculture, the Office of Forestry, and Ministry of Construction and Transportation. Moreover, quantity of sediment from high land agriculture reports involving contaminant discharge characteristic investigation previously did concerning old land agriculture and So-Yang lake non-point pollution source management area as well as management measured data from MOE. The findings of this study reveal that the highest soil loss rate occurred from mountain district for pre-development and post construction and sports facility during construction.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.24 no.9
• /
• pp.1268-1273
• /
• 2011

The present study was conducted to determine a feasible method of protein concentrate extraction from rice bran (RBPC) and its effect as a substitution for skim milk in early weaning pig diets. An investigation to extract protein concentrate from full fat rice bran was undertaken to determine the best ratio of water and rice bran, the amount of NaOH and a HCl solvent to use in a simple paddle-type mixer with modified spinning to produce RBPC. The results stated that the best ratio for water mixing in the RBPC extraction process was 1:5 with 20 g NaOH and 30 min in a paddle-type mixer at 300 rpm. A mix of 250 ml 0.2 N HCl was optimum for neutralization and protein precipitation. After the fluid was spun out with a washing machine, the sediment was left for 12-14 hours to complete the filtration. One kilogram of rice bran could produce an average of 324.5 gram RBPC and it contained 3.40% ash, 496.48 kcal of GE/100 gram, 1.94% crude fiber, 28.20% ether extract, 7.64% moisture and 16.66% crude protein, respectively. A total of 45 crossbred piglets, weaned at 3 weeks of age were allotted into control diet (A) and dietary treatments formulated with a four different rates of RBPC substitution for skim milk at a percentage of 25 (B), 50 (C), 77 (D) and 100 (E) respectively, in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. All piglets had free access to feed and water until 8 week of age when the experiment ended. Feed intake, average daily gain, growth rate and feed efficiency were not affected by dietary treatments. Blood test parameters after completion of the growth trial indicated normal health. Even though the mean of cell hemoglobin concentration was significantly different between treatments (p<0.05) it was still within the normal range. The cost difference for BW gain of 100% RBPC substituted for skim milk in the weaning diet was approximately 35% lower than that of the control and the relative cost of production was 96.67, 92.85, 70.75 and 64.48% lower for the replacement of 25, 50, 75 and 100% of skim milk respectively. These results implied that this technology is feasible for use by small scale farmers to improve their self-reliance.

• 대한공업교육학회지
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.1-20
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop an assembly-type liquid level control experimental equipment and a hands-on activity task that can be applied to the class so that students studying the chemical industry can easily understand the liquid level control. For this purpose, the content elements related to liquid level control in the chemical industry practice course of the 2015 revised curriculum was analyzed, a hands-on activity task with an assembly-type liquid level control experimental equipment was and developed. And then, expert verification was also performed and the hands-on activity task was applied to 19 students of S meister high school. The results obtained through this are as follows. First, the existing completion-type liquid level control experimental equipment was explored, and based on this, a new assembly-type liquid level control experimental equipment that can be assembled by students and used for practices was designed and manufactured. Second. by analyzing the contents of the NCS-based 'Chemical Process Maintenance Operation' practical course of the 2015 revised curriculum, learning contents related to level control were extracted. Among the contents related to the level control, the practice with understanding the process flow chart, manufacturing the level control experimental equipment, measuring the flow rate, and checking the level control phenomenon were conducted with the assembly-type liquid level control experimental equipment to systematically learn the level control.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.35 no.1 s.120
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to suggest the minimum distance needed between landscape trees and apartment buildings. in order for the trees to grow soundly and maintain constant growth. Therefore, this study investigated and analyzed the present conditions of the green-spaces contiguous to apartment buildings and the trees inside the apartment complex. The following general problems were identified : (1) the tree growth conditions, (2) the planting intervals, and (3) the planting methods in the apartment complexes. The method of this study was to survey areas, measure the trees and analyze the results. Ten apartment complexes located in Seoul were randomly selected for this study. To analyze the greens contiguous to the building of each apartment complex, the greens were divided into three types, including the front greens, the side greens, and the rear greens. The study surveyed the width of all contiguous greens and the distance from trees to my given building. Four representative sites were specifically investigated to measure the crown widths, heights, and diameters of the trees. These investigations were carried out over 3 months from August to December 2006. According to the results of the study, it was found that the greens are narrower in width and the more closer to a building. The study identified a correlation between the tree and the passage of time after the completion of construction of an apartment complex, showing that the malformation of the trees worsened as time passed. As a result of measuring the right crown and left crown width with the tree trunk as the center, a broad difference was found between coniform trees and trees that tend to branch out more. For example, the ratio of the width of the Acer palmatum is 1:6. However, the ratio of the Metasequoia glyptostroboide is 1:1.7. Based on the overall analysis, it was concluded that the maintained minimum width must be greater than one meter over the green space according to the 'Landscape Standard 2000'. However, that is only applicable to cases such as apartment buildings that present no obstacles. In conclusion having greens placed within one meter of width to a building is not an appropriate environment for the healthy growth of trees. To create sound green spaces, sustainable, long-term growth rate and size should be considered. It is necessary to prepare new standards for the computation of planting trees and the measurement of square landscapes. Wall greenery and shrubberies could be an alternative in the case of a narrow-width green space.