• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.323-332
• /
• 1996

Precipitation samples were collected by the wet-only sampling method at Seoul from September 1993 to June 1995. Sample were analysed for the anions $(NO_3^-, NO_2^-, SO_4^{2-}, Cl^-, and F^-)$ and cations $(Na^+, K^+, Ca^{2+}, Mg^{2+}, and NH_4^+)$ in addition to pH and electric conductivity. In order to establish the chemical analysis data of high quality, the assurance checks for analytical data of precipitation were performed by considering the ion balance and by comparing the measured conductivity with the calculated conductivity. As we applied the various assurance checking methods by the ion balance used until recently to a data set measured in this study, the f value expressed as $\Sigma C/\Sigma A$ was found to be not appropriate for the data screening. Also, the scattering plot between cations and anions in each sample was found to show the general tendency of ion balance but was proved to not quantitate the standard of data screening at a data set of samples of various concentration levels. The h value defined as (A-C)/C for C $\geq$ A and (A-C)/A for C < A was used to check the ion balance. However, the standard of data screening by h value must very in response to total ion concentration of samples. In this study, the quality assurance of chemical analysis data was checked by considering both the ion balance of evaluating by h value and the conductivity balance. Further the quality control was achieved by these quality assurance methods. As the result, 67 samples among total 77 were obtained as valid. As the central tendency value for a statistical summary in the analytical parametr of samples, the volume-weighted mean value was found to represent more the general chemistry of precipitation rather than the arithmetic mean. The volume-weighted mean pH was 5.0 and 25% of samples was less than this mean. The concentrations of sufate and nitrate in precipitation were 90.4 ueq/L and 32.4 ueq/L which made up 59% and 21% of all anions. The raion of $SO_4^{2-}/(NO_3^- + NO_2^-)$ in precipitation was 2.7, which indicates that the contributions of $H_2SO_4$ and $HNO_3$ to the acidity of precipitation are 70% and 30%, respectively.

• 전기의세계
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.11-20
• /
• 1968

A typical type-1 positioning servomechanism is theoretically analyzed as a multirate sampled-data system which contains two or more signals sampled at different rates by the Z-transform method. And also it is analyzed as a continuous system by using the Younsei 101 Electronic Analog Computer. Comparing the solution of the multirate sampled data system with that of the continuous system to a step input, it is concluded that the response time of the output of the multirate sampled-data system is reduced by a multirate controller, the ripple between samples is lessened and all the transients are diminished within one period.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.533-551
• /
• 2017

통계교육 연구자들은 형식적 추리 방법을 지도하기에 앞서 비형식적 추리를 지도할 것을 강조하며 통계적 추리의 발달 과정에 주목하고 있다. 본 연구는 표본 비교하기 과제와 모집단의 그래프 추측하기 과제를 해결하는 과정에서 나타나는 중 고등학생들의 비형식적 통계적 추리의 수준과 각 수준별 특징을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 표본 비교하기 과제에서는 개인적인 의견에 기초하여 타당하지 않은 추리를 하는 수준, 자료에 대한 국소적 관점을 가진 수준, 자료에 대한 전체적 관점으로 전환되는 수준, 분포의 다각적인 측면에 주목하는 수준, 통계적 개념들을 통합하여 추리하는 수준이 확인되었다. 모집단의 그래프 추측하기 과제에서는 개인적인 의견에 기초하여 타당하지 않은 추리를 하는 수준, 표본대표성에만 주목하고 표집변이성을 고려하지 않는 수준, 표본대표성과 표집변이성을 모두 고려하며 분포의 한 측면에 주목하여 부분적으로 타당한 추리를 하는 수준, 분포의 다각적 측면에 주목하는 수준, 통계적 개념들을 통합하여 추리하는 수준이 확인되었다.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.346-353
• /
• 1999

For the non-destructive multi-elemental analysis of environmental and biological materials, instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was applied for the determination of toxic and trace elements in a set of three Algae samples provided by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The analytical quality control was evaluated by comparing the analytical results of two standard reference materials of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Oyster Tissue (SRM 1566a) and Citrus Leaves (SRM 1572). According to given analytical procedure, the concentration of 15-25 elements including spiked elements such as As, Cd, Cr and Hg in Algae samples were determined. To identify and validate these results, a data intercomparison program using more than 35 analytical methods in 150 laboratories was carried out and the estimated statistical data are summarized. Result of INAA is favorable, therefore, it is illustrated that can be applied for routine analysis of essential and toxic elements in algae samples as well as analytical quality assurance.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2002년도 학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원
• /
• pp.175-177
• /
• 2002

This paper presents a methodology for analyzing individual differences on Kansei evaluation for a set of product samples. This analysis divides subjects into several groups by each subject's Kansei evaluation data according to what kinds of Kansei are related on what kinds of design elements. The basic idea is to classify the results of cluster analysis in individual subject's ranges. A similarity matrix of subject is computed by comparing dendrogram of each subjects. The methodology is applied to analyzing evaluation data of cellular phone design.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.639-646
• /
• 2004

Metal treated activated carbons are prepared using various metals. Adsorption behaviors, morphologies, as well as antibacterial effects of metal treated samples are compared before and after solvent washing. Adsorption isotherms are used to characterize the porous structure of metal treated activated carbons before and after the solvent washing with acetone or ethyl alcohol. From these data, it is noticed that the changes in physicochemical properties of metal treated activated carbons depend on the solvents employed. Similar results are observed from BET data obtained from nitrogen adsorption isotherms. From scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies, the changes in shape and size of metal particles are observed after the samples are washed with solvents. These changes result in different blocking effects, which, in turn, affect the adsorption behavior of metal treated activated carbons. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the samples treated with different metals are different each other. High intense sharp peaks attributed to metals are observed from silver treated samples, while the peaks are not observed from copper treated samples. To compare thermodynamic behavior of metal treated activated carbons washed with different type of solvents, differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis is carried out. The analysis shows similar endothermic curves for all of the samples. Finally, antibacterial effects of metal treated activated carbon against Escherichia coli are discussed. Comparing the effects among the metals employed, highest effects are obtained from Cd, while lowest effects are obtained from Cu. Antibacterial activity becomes higher with the increase of the amount of metals treated, Optimum concentrations of metals to treat activated carbons, obtained from a shake flask test, are known to be 0.4, 0.1, and 0.6 moles for Ag, Cd, and Cu, respectively.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.151-154
• /
• 1985

From the BuOH Fr. of the roots of Acanthopanax koreanum $N_{AKAI}$, we have isolated a lignan glucoside, mp $257{\sim}259^{\circ}$, $C_{34}H_{46}O_{18}$ and it was identified to be (-) syringaresinol diglucoside by spectral data and comparing with authentic samples.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
• /
• pp.1519-1519
• /
• 2001

The aim of this work was to test the feasibility of NIRS in analysing textural characteristics of “Pasta Filata” cheese during the shelf-life. For this purpose, 128 samples of “Pasta Filata” cheese, subdivided into two sets on the basis of the wax used to avoid mechanical damages (paraffin, biodegradable wax), were analysed by using an InfraAlyzer 500 (Bran+Luebbe). Analyses were performed at room temperature. Samples were cut into small cylinders (D=3.2 cm, height = 1 cm), in agreement with literature information. Data were processed by using Sesame Software (Bran+Luebbe). Samples were analysed, during the shelf-life, at 90 and 120 days. In parallel, textural characteristics were detected carrying out a compression method by using an Universal Testing Machine Instron model 4301 (Instron Corporation, Canton, Massachusetts). As compression probe was used a cylinder (D = 5.8 cm, height = 3.7 cm) and a speed rate of 20mm/min was applied. The load at 20 mm of compression was recorded on sample cylinders of 1.7 cm (D) by 2 cm (height). Qualitative analysis of full spectra showed the possibility to gather samples on the basis of the days of shelf-life. The textural characteristics of cheese during the shelf-life was evaluated by comparing NIRS data with rheological results. The best correlation was obtained applying MLR to the first derivative of normalized absorbance values at seven wavelengths. Load values were plotted against the NIR prediction values based on first derivatives. NIRS proved to be an useful tool in classifying samples on the basis of the shelf-life period as well as in predicting their textural characteristics ($R^2$= 0.916, SEC = 0.192, SEP = 0.248, SEV = 0.345).

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.71-74
• /
• 2018

Because castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) does not respond to androgen deprivation therapy and has a very poor prognosis, it is critical to identify a prognostic indicator for predicting high-risk patients who will develop CRPC. Here, we report a dataset of whole genomes from four pairs of primary prostate cancer (PC) and CRPC samples. The analysis of the paired PC and CRPC samples in the whole-genome data showed that the average number of somatic mutations per patients was 7,927 in CRPC tissues compared with primary PC tissues (range, 1,691 to 21,705). Our whole-genome sequencing data of primary PC and CRPC may be useful for understanding the genomic changes and molecular mechanisms that occur during the progression from PC to CRPC.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제24권11호
• /
• pp.1472-1480
• /
• 2021

Image stacking technique is one of the key techniques for complex surface reconstruction. The process includes sample collection, image processing, algorithm editing, surface reconstruction, and finally reaching reliable conclusions. Since this experiment is based on laser scanning confocal microscope to collect the original contour information of the sample, it is necessary to briefly introduce the relevant principle and operation method of laser scanning confocal microscope. After that, the original image is collected and processed, and the data is expanded by interpolation method. Meanwhile, several methods of surface reconstruction are listed. After comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each method, one-dimensional interpolation and volume rendering are finally used to reconstruct the 3D model. The experimental results show that the final 3d surface modeling is more consistent with the appearance information of the original samples. At the same time, the algorithm is simple and easy to understand, strong operability, and can meet the requirements of surface reconstruction of different types of samples.