• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.90-97
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• 2020

Background: Natural forests are generally considered to be less prone to biological invasions than other modified ecosystems, particularly when canopy cover is high. Few decades of management of degraded forests by local communities in Nepal has increased canopy cover and altered disturbance regimes. These changes might have reduced the abundance of invasive alien plant species (IAPS) in forests. To understand the status of IAPS in such forests, we studied two community managed Shorea robusta forests (Sundari and Dhusheri) of Nawalpur district in central Nepal. In these two forests, vegetation sampling was done using circular plots 10 m radius at forest edge, gaps, and within canopy. Variation of IAPS richness and cover across these microhabitats were compared, and their variation with tree canopy cover and basal area analyzed. Result: Altogether 14 IAPS were recorded in the study forests; among them Chromolaena odorata, Ageratum houstonianum, and Lantana camara had the highest frequency. Mikania micrantha was at the early stage of colonization in Sundari Community Forest (CF) but absent in Dhuseri CF. Both IAPS cover and richness was higher at forest edge and gap than in canopy plots and both these attributes declined with increasing canopy cover and tree basal area. Conclusion: The results indicate that increase in canopy cover and closure of forest gaps through participatory management of degraded forests can prevent plant invasions and suppress the growth of previously established IAPS in Shorea robusta forests of Nepal. This is the unacknowledged benefit of participatory forest management in Nepal.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.144-153
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• 2022

Background: Bamboo forests provides benefits for nature and the welfare of the people of Turen in Malang Regency and Sumbermujur in Lumajang Regency. They interact with the forest to live through the development of forest potential based on local wisdom. This is believed to prevent various adverse impacts on the forest. Local wisdom is related to beliefs or/and taboos, ethics and rules, techniques and technology, as well as forest/ land management traditions carried out by the community in building, managing forests, and Turen springs in Malang Regency and Sumbermujur in Lumajang Regency. Therefore, it is important to study the potential of bamboo forests in Turen and Sumbermujur for ecotourism, the development of bamboo forest ecotourism in Turen and Sumbermujur based on local wisdom, and the potential of bamboo forests in Turen and Sumbermujur in sustainable spring conservation. Results: Bamboo forest ecotourism has become an attractive tourist attraction. It is also beneficial for environmental conservation and the welfare of the surrounding community. The potential of bamboo forests in ecotourism development consists of various types of old bamboo that are fertile which offer environmentally friendly tourism activities by prioritizing aspects of nature conservation and socio-cultural empowerment of the local community. This cannot be separated from the belief that bamboo has supernatural powers (as a protector), so they do not dare to take or damage the existing bamboo. This behavior has a positive impact on springs that are still sustainable. Conclusions: Therefore, the charm of the bamboo forest is a potential that can be developed through ecotourism based on local wisdom. The development of bamboo forest ecotourism based on local wisdom is able to meet the living needs of the surrounding community.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.116-128
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• 2008

Vegetation structure of Jangtaesan Natural Recreation Forest in Daejeon City was investigated to suggest a preferable management plan. Vegetation survey was carried out with thirty plots. Adopting phytosociological method, plant communities were classified into twinfolds of natural and afforested area. A natural forest were composed of Quercus mongolica, Quercus variabilis, and Pinus densiflora community. Afforested area were with Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Larix leptolepis, Pinus koraiensis, and Castanea crenata community. The importance value of Quercus mongolica, Quercus variabilis, Pinus densiflora, and Quercus serrata in natural forest were 59.69%, 48.32%, 39.10%, 21.53%, respectively. According to diameter of breast hieght analysis results, it is expected that the occupancy of Quercus mongolica, Pinus densiflora, and Quercus variabilis would be continuously increased. Based on the findings of the study, management plan for natural forest and afforested area was recommended in line with the progress of natural ecology.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제77권1호
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• pp.32-42
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• 1988

팔공산(八空山) 남사면(南斜面)에 위치(位置)하는 동화사(桐華寺) 지역(地域) 삼림(森林)의 다목적(多目的) 임업경영(林業經營), 즉 삼림(森林)의 입체적(立體的) 이용(利用)을 위한 기초적(基礎的) 자료(資料)를 수립(樹立)할 목적(目的)으로 ZM학파의 식생분석법에 기초를 둔 풍원(豊源) 및 Pfister의 식생분석법(植生分析法)으로 이 지역(地域) 삼림식생(森林植生)을 분석(分析)하였던 바, 다음과 같이 요약(要約)할 수 있었다. 1) 이 지역(地域) 삼림식생(森林植生)은 산지림(山地林)과 계곡림(溪谷林)으로 구분(區分)할 수 있었으며, 2) 산지림(山地林)은 A. 소나무군락(群落) B. 소나무군락(群落) C. 신갈나무군락(群落)으로, 계곡림(溪谷林)은 느티나무군락(群落)으로 구분(區分)되었다. 3) 소나무군락(群落)은 1. 소나무 전형군(典型群) 2. 소나무-산오리나무군(群) 3. 소나무-대팻집나무군(群)으로, 신갈나무군락(群落)은 1. 소나무-까치박달군(群) 2. 산벚나무-산수국군(群)으로 구분(區分)되었고, 느티나무군락(群落)은 1. 고로쇠나무군(群), 2. 만목성(蔓木性) 식물군(植物群)으로 구분(區分)되었다. 4) Pfister와 풍원(豊源)의 식생분석법(植生分析法)은 다목적(多目的) 임업경영(林業經營)이나 입체적(立體的) 삼림이용(森林利用)을 위한 지침(指針)을 마련하는데 효과적(效果的)인 것으로 사료(思料)되었으나 각(各) 지역(地域) 삼림(森林)에 대한 식생분석(植生分析) 자료(資料)가 많이 있어야 객관적(客觀的)인 응용(應用) 方法(方法)이 제시(提示)될 것 같다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.107-119
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• 1993

This study was conducted to increase to increase the plant species diversity, which was based on the analysis of plant community structure and the survey of human's disturbance degree in Mt. Yongma and Mt. Acha urban nature park, Seoul. The plant community were divided into four groups by TWINSPAN and DCA. These groups were Pinus rigida-P. densiflora community, Quercus mongolica-Q.aliena-Q.accutissima community, Robinia pseudoacaia-Q.accutissima-Poplus${\times}$albaglandulosa community and R.pseudoacacia community. The successional trends of tree species seems to be from P.densiflora, P.rigida, Sorbus alniflora to Q.mongolica, Q.aliena and from P.${\times}$albaglandulosa, R.pseudoacacia, through Q.accutissima, to Q. mongolica, Q.aliena. The species diversity of plant community was high in natual plant community but was low in artificial planting community respectively. Number of species, number of species individuals, indices of species diversity was lowered and soil hardness was increased by the user's trampling, undercutting work and planting P.koraiensis after thinning. In the basis of study results, we proposed the management plan for the urban forest.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제89권2호
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• pp.173-184
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• 2000

본 연구는 오대산국립공원 동대산지역의 산림식생구조와 입지환경을 파악하고 그에 따른 산림관리방안 등을 검토하고자 조사되었다. 동대산의 산림식생은 방위, 지형 등의 입지환경에 따라 식생구성의 차이를 보이고 있다. 총 242개의 식생자료를 수집하여 식물사회학적인 방법으로 분석한 결과, 조사된 군락은 2개의 군락군과 7개의 군락으로 구분되었고 그 하위에 수개의 아군락으로 구분되었다. 신갈나무-당단풍군락군은 주로 광량이 풍부하고 건조한 남사면에 분포하였다. 이 군락군은 털진달래군락, 털조록싸리군락, 산거울-다릅나무군락, 신갈나무-당단풍전형군락, 참나물군락으로 구분되었다. 그 중 산거울-다릅나무군락은 민둥갈퀴아군락과 전형아군락으로, 참나물군락은 광릉갈퀴아군락과 전형아군락으로 세분되었다. 광량이 부족하고 습한 북사면에는 관중-층층나무군락군이 분포하였으며 시닥나무-산겨릅군락과 물참대-난티나무군락으로 구분되었다. 물참대-난티나무군락은 다시 산겨릅나무아군락, 톱바위취아군락, 전행군아군락으로 세분되었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.105-119
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• 2011

In order to develop the indicators which evaluate the management effectiveness for the protected forest areas in Korea, candidate indicators were listed based on literature and experts interviews, then questionnaire survey on the experts were conducted. 5 elements of context, planning, input, process, output and outcome and 32 indicators were selected. Context element includes 6 indicators of 1) documentation and assessment of values; 2) documentation and assessment of threats, 3) influence of government policy, 4) related regulations, 5) community cooperation and 6) the structure of management organization. 6 indicators of Planning element were 1) the management objective, 2) protected area design, 3) protected area size and number, 4) representation, 5) standards and categories and 6) management planning. Input element of 3 indicators were 1) management staff, 2) funding, 3) establishment and application of information. Process element were consisted of 1) governance, 2) management guidelines, 3) human resource management, 4) law enforcement, 5) eco-management, 6) disaster management, 7) education program and 8) research and monitoring. The element of outputs and outcomes were 1) accomplishment of plan, 2) accomplishment of program, 3) private land management, 4) threats change, 5) biodiversity change, 6) ecosystem health and vitality, 7) impact on community, 8) international management level and 9) visitors' satisfaction and variation in civil compliant. It is recommended to have further research on evaluation methods development by applying those above developed indicators for the protected forest areas to ensure the practicality of the indicators.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.37-51
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• 1998

This study was carried out to lead the scientific management of the urban forest by estimating the forest environment. Forest environmental information was constructed using IDRISI system based on survey data, soil, plant, and digital elevation data. Forest environmental information was consisted of soil depth, soil organic content, soil hardness and parent rock as a soil environmental factor, and forest community, tree age, crown density as a plant environmental factor. Plant activity and topographic environment also were analyzed by using remote sensing data and digital elevation data. Environmental function of urban forest was estimated based on results of soil conservation and forest productivity. 70% of urban forest is located in elevation of lower than 200m and 55% of forest area have the slope of lower than 15 degree. Analyzed soil conservation status and forest productivity were almost the same as the soil chemical properties of collected soil sample and the vegetation index estimated using remote sensing data, respectively. Thus, the constructed forest environmental information could be useful to give some ideas for management of urban forest ecosystem and establishment of environmental conservation planning, including forests, in Taejon. The best forest environmental function was appeared at the natural ecology preservation zone. Current natural parks and urban parks were appeared to establish the environmental conservation plan for further development. The worst forest environmental function was appeared at the forest near to the industrial area and an overall and systematic plan was required for the soil management and high forest productivity because these forest was developing a severe soil acidification and having a low forest productivity.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.8-21
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• 2017

The objective of this study is to identify the individual characteristics and the elements of social capital hence a suitable design of social capital reinforcement can be proposed to promote a sustainable community-based mangrove management. The research conducted in three villages that were selected based on mangrove ecological differences in Lampung Province, Indonesia. Qualitative data was collected through field observation and in-depth interviews with key informants. The results showed that the population in the three villages dominated on productive ages, worked as farmers, and less educated (only a half of the population had fulfilled the basic education standard of Indonesia). The study results also indicated that the social capital in the communities showed minimum condition of interpersonal attachment and cooperation. This condition was derived from the attitude of the people who only took personal benefit without concerning to others' welfare. Many programs conducted by government to ensure the conservation of mangroves were project-oriented with minor participation of community. The minor participation might also contributed to the minimum of social capital in the community. To improve social capital, the communities should strengthen mutual trust based on mutual benefit to increase members' participation in mangrove activity.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.462-472
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• 2013

본 연구는 부산광역시 금정산 소나무림의 식생구조 특성을 분석하여 문화경관림으로서의 소나무림 보전을 위한 기초자료 구축을 목적으로 수행하였다. 금정산 소나무 식생구조 분석을 위해 산성을 기준으로 내부 소나무림에 10개소, 외부 소나무림에 8개소, 총 18개소의 조사구(단위면적: $400m^2$)를 설정하였다. TWINSPAN분석결과 총 6개의 군집으로 구분되었다. 6개의 군집은 졸참나무-소나무군집, 소나무군집, 소나무-졸참나무군집, 곰솔-소나무군집, 소나무-곰솔-상수리나무군집, 소나무-굴피나무군집이었다. 각 군집의 층위별 상대우점치 및 주요 수종의 흉고직경급별 분포 분석결과 각각의 소나무군집은 졸참나무 또는 개서어나무군집으로 천이될 것으로 예측되었다. 수령분석결과 산성내부 군집은 32~37년생, 산성외부 소나무군집은 44~57년생이었다. Shannon의 종다양도지수는 0.4826~1.2499이었다. 소나무와 주요 수종간 상관관계는 때죽나무와 부의 상관관계를 보였다. 이상의 결과 산성내부는 소나무군집에서 졸참나무군집으로의 천이가 예측되었으며 산성외부는 소나무-곰솔군집에서 개서어나무-졸참나무군집으로의 천이가 예측되었다. 소나무 경관림 관리방안으로 아교목층과 관목층의 참나무류 및 교목성상의 낙엽활엽수 간벌과 소나무와 경쟁중인 낙엽활엽수의 수관전정 등의 관리가 필요하였다.