• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.285-291
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• 2012

Generally, the rainfall and the influent of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have strong relationship at the case of combined sewers. With the fact that the influent variations in terms of quantity and sewage quality is the most common and significant disturbance, the impact factor to the characteristics of sewage should be searched for. In this paper, the relationship between weather conditions such as humidity, temperature and rainfall and influent flowrate and contaminant concentration was analysed using factor analysis. Additionally, 3 influent types were deduced using cluster analysis and the distributions of operational variables were compared to the each groups by one-way ANOVA. The applied dataset were clustered to three groups that have the similar weather and influent conditions. These different conditions can cause the different operating conditions at WWTPs. That is, the Group 1 is for the condition with high humidity and rainfall, so DO concentration in the reactor was very high but MLSS concentration was very low because of too large flowrate. However, the Group 3 is classified to the case having low humidity, temperature, and rainfall, therefore, the SRT was the longest and the SVI was the highest due to the worst settleability in the winter for a year.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.527-537
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• 2013

Improving resource utilization has been a hot issue in heterogeneous wireless networks (HWNs). This paper proposes a radio resource management (RRM) method based on access proportion optimization. By considering two or more wireless networks in overlapping regions, users in these regions must select one of the networks to access when they engage in calls. Hence, the proportion of service arrival rate that accesses each network in the overlapping region can be treated as an optimized factor for the performance analysis of HWNs. Moreover, this study considers user mobility as an important factor that affects the performance of HWNs, and it is reflected by the handoff rate. The objective of this study is to maximize the total throughput of HWNs by choosing the most appropriate factors. The total throughput of HWNs can be derived on the basis of a Markov model, which is determined by the handoff rate analysis and distribution of service arrival rate in each network. The objective problem can actually be expressed as an optimization problem. Considering the convexity of the objective function, the optimization problem can be solved using the subgradient approach. Finally, an RRM optimization scheme for HWNs is proposed. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can effectively enhance the throughput of HWNs, i.e., improve the radio resource utilization.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.509-517
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• 2020

The study seeks to understand the effects of boredom proneness on impulse purchasing and smartphone addiction of young consumers. Moreover, the possible mediating role of smartphone addiction is tested for the effect of boredom proneness on impulse purchasing. Nowadays, the effect of emotions on human behavior is generally accepted, and boredom is one of the important and common problematic feelings or moods at various levels of life due to factors like unemployment, not being able to work in a suitable job, not getting appropriate education matching individual abilities, monotony of tasks, and feeling life is meaningless. Investigating the effect of boredom on specific consumer behavior would increase our knowledge about consumer behavior. For the research, a survey was conducted 313 students from Kirikkale University, Keskin Vocational High School; the data were collected by convenience sampling method. The data were processed through statistical tools like exploratory factor analysis, coefficient alphas, and regression analysis. The results of the study reveal that boredom proneness affects impulse purchasing and smartphone addiction. In addition, it is understood that smartphone addiction plays a mediating role in the effect of boredom proneness on impulse purchasing. These results indicate that boredom can be an important factor affecting certain negative consumer behaviors.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.343-352
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• 2009

Natural-killer-cell-enhancing factor (NKEF) belongs to the newly defined peroxiredoxin (Prx) family. It was originally isolated from human erythroid cells. The black rockfish NKEF cDNA was identified through the expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis of PBLs libraries. The full-length NKEF cDNA was 1433 bp long and contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 594 bp that encoded 198 amino-acid residues. The 5' UTR had a length of 39 bp, and the 3’UTR 800 bp. The deduced amino-acid sequence of the black rockfish had a density 93.4, 92.9, 87.8, 85.8, 84.8, 83.8, 80.3, 79.7, 77.2, and 75.2% that of the pufferfish, olive flounder, channel catfish, zebrafish, chicken, common carp, Myotis lucifugus, cattle, human PrxI, rat PrxI, human NKEF-A, and Xenopus tropicalis, respectively. The NKEF gene was expressed in all the tissues of the black rockfish. The RT-PCR indicated that the NKEF transcripts were predominantly in the spleen and gill, less dominantly in the PBLs, head kidney, trunk kidney, and liver, and least in the intestine and muscles. This is the first report on the existence of the NKEF-A gene in black rockfish.

• Korean Educational Research Journal
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.35-56
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• 2019

This study is concentrated to search for the effective teaching method of Korean pronunciation as one of Korean language teaching for the chinese. Pronunciation is the most basic factor in the use of language. pronunciation is the basic factor for learners to judge the fluency and accuracy of the target language in the process of communication. but people usually learn the second- language when they are adults, who are surely influenced by mother language. Therefore, it is the main purpose of this thesis to seek vocal sound system and phonological phenomena in Korean and Chinese and figure out the common and difference of these two languages through contrastive analysis.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.305-319
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a measurement tool for a positive nursing organizational culture and to verify its reliability and validity. Methods: A conceptual framework and construct factors were extracted through an extensive literature review and in-depth interviews with nurses. The final version of the preliminary tool for the main survey was confirmed by experts through a content validity test and a preliminary survey of 40 nurses. Subsequently, the final tool was developed using a validity and reliability test containing 43 preliminary items. The final version of the tool was used with 327 hospital nurses in the testing phase for the main survey to assess validity and reliability. Results: From the factor analysis, 4 factors and 26 items were selected. The factors were positive leadership of the nursing unit manager, pursuit of common values, formation of organizational relationships based on trust, and a fair management system. The entire determination coefficient was 67.7%. These factors were verified through convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity testing. The internal consistency reliability was acceptable (Cronbach's α = .95). Conclusion: Both the validity and reliability of the scale were confirmed demonstrating its utility for measuring positive nursing organizational culture. It is expected to be used for education, research, and practical performance policies regarding the nursing organizational culture.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.313-320
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• 2023

In general, using information and communication technology (ICT) to support problem-solving is becoming increasingly common across various industries, sectors, and regions. However, there have been few analyses on the factors affecting ICT problem-solving among officers working at People's Committees of mountainous communes. Using survey data, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and multivariable linear regression, this study examined the factors that influence the use of ICT in resolving works among community officers at People's Committees in the Northwest mountainous region of Vietnam. The results showed that three factors with statistical significance affecting the dependent variable are computer skills, gender, and occupation of community officers. Therefore, it is recommended that officers participate in ICT training courses or engage in regular self-study to improve their computer skills and qualifications. Both men and women should also prioritize the use of ICT equipment. The study also found that officers in managerial positions were more likely to use ICT for problem-solving than their counterparts. However, some factors that affect the use of ICT were not identified in this study, leaving room for further research.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2022

Quite often we have a lot of measurement data and would like to find some relation between them. One common task is to see whether some measured data or a curve of known shape fit into the cumulative measured data. The problem can be visualized since data could generally be presented as curves or planes in Cartesian coordinates where each curve could be represented as a vector. In most cases we have measured the cumulative 'curve', we know shapes of other 'curves' and would like to determine unknown coefficients that multiply the known shapes in order to match the measured cumulative 'curve'. This problem could be presented in more complex variants, e.g., a constant could be added, some missing (unknown) data vector could be added to the measured summary vector, and instead of constant factors we could have polynomials, etc. All of them could be solved with slightly extended version of the procedure presented in the sequel. Solution procedure could be devised by reformulating the problem as a measurement problem and applying the generalized inverse of the measurement matrix. Measurement problem often has some errors involved in the measurement data but the least squares method that is comprised in the formulation quite successfully addresses the problem. Numerical examples illustrate the solution procedure.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.166-171
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• 2023

Mixed urinary incontinence (UI) is common in women. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of anti-incontinence surgery in female patients with equally severe stress UI (SUI) and urge UI (UUI). All patients had equal severity of SUI and UUI. The postoperative cure rate was categorized into the cure group (CG) and failure group (FG). Postoperative satisfaction was categorized into the satisfaction group (SG) and the dissatisfaction group (DG). Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Ninety patients (SG, 73.3%; DG, 26.7%; CG, 93.3%; FG, 6.7%) were included in the study. In the univariate analysis, body mass index (BMI), total bladder capacity, and overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) were significantly different between the SG and DG groups. Peak urinary flow, Valsalva leak point pressure (VLPP), and OABSS were significantly different between the CG and FG groups. In the multivariate analysis, OABSS (P=0.001) and BMI (P=0.032) were independent predictors of postoperative satisfaction. VLPP (P=0.023) was the only independent factor associated with the postoperative cure rate. In equal severity of SUI and UUI, VLPP was found to be the only independent factor associated with postoperative cure rates. Higher VLPP values were associated with higher cure rates. BMI and OABSS were identified as independent predictors of postoperative satisfaction, with lower BMI and OABSS associated with higher postoperative satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.65-77
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• 2009

This study conducted a comparative analysis between Koreans and foreigners on how they feel of the 'Oreum' so that the data could be used to conserve and utilize 'Oreum' as a brand of Jeju, which is one of the natural and original sceneries of the island along with Halla Mountain. Four aerial photo slides were selected to be assessed among 18 overlooked views of 'Oreums' through quasi-preliminary and preliminary surveys. The assessment group was divided into native and foreigner groups. Image and preference were measured based on 7 step categorization on 26 adjectives, and factor analysis was implemented. The selected factors from factor analysis reflected that calmness was recognized as common image identification variable to natives and foreigners. However, foreigners choose 'dynamics', 'peculiarity' and 'grandeur' in order to explain the image while Koreans selected words in the order of 'attractiveness', 'grandeur', 'dynamics' and 'peculiarity'. This means Koreans identify the image of 'Oreum' as absolute beauty while foreigners see the dynamics and relative peculiarity as its attractive point. As a result of factor score, preference and multiple regression analysis, Koreans selected 'calmness', 'attractiveness' and 'dynamics' as important variables to explain preference. On the other hand, foreigners choose 'dynamics' and 'calmness' as well as 'evenness', 'peculiarity' and 'simplicity'. This represents that foreigners are highly influenced by the structural peculiarity and simplicity on the image preference.