• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.92
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• pp.41-47
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• 2009

This study discussed revitalization of commercial caves. Transition of approach method about cave development is required. Each of the caves need differentiation strategy. In addition, the recognizing of the value of caves is required.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.51-61
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the economic value of Multi-functionality Roles including landscape and so on, which traditional stone fences in Korea possess, using Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation Method (DC-CVM). The stone fences is life cultural heritance of regional residents. It has functions like Development of Favorable Landscapes, Maintenance of Cultural Heritage, and Recreation/Relaxation. Expectation from regional visitors shows that the existence and inheritance value of the stone wall is higher then we expected. According to the research that we had done from the people that had agreed to contribute the stone wall. moreover the public commercial value of regional tradition stone was not only 2,900 billion won but also it will increase an economic gain in every year. Therefore, preserving the stone wall that has Multi-functional Roles and values can lead to huge economic value in the future. But farmhouses in the stone wall conservation area are being supported 9 billion won in every year. This is only 0.03% of the income that farmhouse earns per year. Thus, stone wall preservation policy and plan can raise green-tour commercial value of inland area as a long-term inside measurement. Those will have to be propelled continuously.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.12 no.2 s.31
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• pp.27-35
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the economic value of Multi-functionality Roles including landscape and so on, which the stone fences in Jejudo possess, using Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation Method(DC-CVM). The stone wall is life cultural heritance of Cheju islanders. It has functions like Development of Favorable Landscapes, Maintenance of Cultural Heritage, and Recreation/Relaxation. Expectation from Cheju visitors shows that the existence and inheritance value of the stone wall is higher then we expected. According to the research that we had done from the people that had agreed to contribute the stone wall, the result was that the public commercial value of Cheju tradition stone will increase every yew(2006: 367 billion won, 2011: 437.1 billion won). Therefore, preserving the stone wall that has Multi-functional Roles and values can lead to huge economic value in the future. But farmhouses in the stone wall conservation area are being supported 6 million won every year. This is only 10% of the income that farmhouse ems per year. Thus, stone wall preservation policy and plan that can raise green-tour commercial value of Cheju Island of long-term inside measurement will have to be propelled continuously.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.140-147
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• 2004

An aqueous solution of a commercial liquid synthetic detergent for kitchen use was photodecomposed in the presence of titanium dioxides powder under an atmosphere of air at room temperature. Titanium dioxides were prepared by sol-gel method from titanium iso-propoxide at different R ratio($H_2O$/titanium iso-propoxide) and calcined at $500^{\circ}C$. All titanium dioxides were characterized by XRD, BET surface area analyzer and UV-VIS spectrometer. The surface area of titanium dioxides prepared at R ratio=6 appeared higher volume about 20% than commercial $TiO_2$ catalysts. XRD patterns of titania particles were observed mixing phase together with rutile and anatase type. Titanium dioxides prepared by sol-gel method show higher activity about 6% than commercial $TiO_2$ catalysts on the photocatalytic degradation of a commercial liquid synthetic detergent for kitchen. The concentration of the detergent decreased to about 90% of its initial value at illumination times of 2 hour. Illumination for 30 minutes decreased the concentration of oxygen to about one-fifth of the initial value.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.181-186
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• 2013

In this work, charcoal making characteristics of Quercus phyllyaeoides (which has been known as one of best raw materials for charcoals) was investigated. Charcoal from Quercus phyllyaeoides had more than 85% of fixed carbon, which is 5~25% higher fixed carbon content than other charcoals. Also specific gravity of this charcoal was more than 1.0, which is quite higher than other black charcoals (average of commercial products: 0.52) or white charcoals (average of commercial products: 0.73). Methylene blue adsorption, pH, and adsorption of water vapour was lower than other commercial charcoals. Carolic value of this charcoal was similar to other commercial products. Far infrared ray's emission from this charcoal was higher than others. Application of charcoal from Quercus phyllyaeoides should be consider the characteristics of this product.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.76-82
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• 2001

An aqueous solution of a commercial liquid synthetic detergent for kitchen use was photodecomposed in the presence of titanium dioxides ponder under an atmosphere of air at room temperature. Titanium dioxides were prepared by sol-gel method from titanium iso-propoxide at different R R ratio($H_2O$/titanium iso-propoxide) and calcined at $500^{\circ}C$. All titanium dioxides m characterized by XRD, BET surface area analyzer and UV-VIS spectrometer. The surface mea of titanium dioxides prepared at R ratio=6 appeared higher volume about 20% than commercial $TiO_2$ catalyses. XRD patterns of titania particles were observed mixing phase together with rutile and anatase type. Titanium dioxides prepared by sol-gel method show higher activity about 6% than commercial $TiO_2$ catalysts on the Photocatalytic foundation of a commercial liquid synthetic detergent for kitchen. The concentration of the detergent decreased to about 90%, of its initial value at illumination times of 2 hour. illumination for 30 minutes decreased the concentration of oxygen to about one-fifth of the initial value.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.767-792
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• 2009

The two fields, economics of art and literature, tend to be put together as part of cultural economic studies; yet the former has been widely popular as compared to the latter. Economics of art has been known as part of social science which studies art economically. Similarly, economics of literature is likely to be an interdisciplinary study of literature and economics. Literature is suggested usually to reflect the economic base of a society as a form of its superstructure in view of classical Marxism; so, it is interesting to see social, economic activities, such as individual values and social institutions, income, price and opportunity cost, in a particular way of analyzing economic ideas in literature. Capital seems to have an innate property of self-expansion in literature; this property thus features actual economic life since in capitalism money is the universal value between persons and literary works. Specifically, the field of economics of literature starts with such ideas: economics of literature is part of cultural economics; and economics of literature deals with the economic value of literature. Putting interdisciplinary fields of literature and economics together, this study is to examine the economic value of literature in which Karl Marx talked about commodities with exchange value, use value, and fetishism. The exchange value is commercial worth, the actual exchange value of a publication; yet, the use value is innate worth, the aesthetic use value of literature. With commodity fetishism, profit seems not as the outcome of a social relation, but of a work- "reification" as the would-be Marxists suggest. As a commodity, the literary work appears to be able to animate life and power in reality. As a result, this paper asserts that social, economical activities in literature as we may apply to the study of economics of literature increase its economic value, implying commercial and innate worth, as the capital in the marketplace.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.127-130
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• 2009

This study has been carried out to investigate the characteristics of the commercial wood pellets such as moisture content, heating value, ash content, and chemical component. The wood pellets from national forestry cooperatives federation and China were evaluated to see if they can be 1st or 2nd class of Korea standard. Indonesian pellet was estimated to be a 3rd class because of the heating value and high ash content. It is considered that there is a quality difference in wood pellets in accordance with the production nations. It could be originated from the difference of raw materials produced in different region.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.303-307
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• 1994

This study was carried out to investigate lipid content, melting point, refractive index and fatty acid composition of commercial chocolate and imitation chocolate. Fifty-eight samples for test were 45 of domestics and 13 of foreign in Seoul. The results were as follows ; Mean value of lipid content was 35.1% in chocolate and 31.9% in imitation chocolate, and foreigns were lower than domestics. In melting point of lipid, chocolates and imitation chocolate were 26.4$^{\circ}C$ and 27.4$^{\circ}C$ as mean value, respectively. Mean value of refractive index of lipid was 1.4560, imitation chocolate of domestic were lower than another. The fatty acid compositions were chiefly consisted of {{{{C_18:1 , C_18 , C_16, C_16:1 and C_18:2. }} The ratio of SFA : MUFA : PUFA in chocolate and limitation chocolate were 8.2 :6.9 :1.0 and 3.1 : 4.3: 1.0 , respectively.

• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2018

Gentrification is appearing in various areas. Especially commercial gentrification, the value of property is rising and it means the change of commercial sphere in revitalizing the underdeveloped commercial. In this study, Identify the process of increasing the franchise rate, which is changing gradually in commercial areas. We analyze prior studies on gentrification and franchise. Identify changing of land use distribution in Samcheong-dong area and analyze franchise change process. As a result of analyzing the changing of land use in Samcheong-dong area, the number of houses and other uses has continued to decrease. In the case of franchises, it increased sharply and in the case of general commercial, it steadily decreased. Looking at analyzing the franchise change process in Samcheong-dong area, In the franchise change process, there is very little change in land use from residential and other uses to general commercial. Representative spaces that show the process of franchise change are around the three-way streets, around the community service center and around the police station.