• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.895-907
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• 2020

Information transparency ensures that market players all have the opportunity to access the same information to come up with their assessment of the banks' financial situation, performance and risks to reach effective investment decisions. This research is conducted to investigate the levels of impact of determinants on information transparency by examining the case studies of Vietnamese commercial banks. This study combines both qualitative and quantitative research methods, based on interviews of 32 specialists in banking, accounting and auditing fields, which were conducted to explore determinants influencing information transparency and to develop measurement scales. Then, a survey of 160 managers of commercial banks, audit firms, and accounting managers of firms who frequently had transactions with banks was carried out to investigate the statistical significance of these determinants. The results show that, out of seven determinants that have significant impacts on the banks' information transparency, commitment from banks' senior management regarding transparency in information disclosure has the highest impact, followed by state governance, auditing, information infrastructure, credit rating agencies, personnel and bank performance. Accordingly, we provide some recommendations for improving information transparency in the Vietnamese banking industry context as a case study and in emerging countries context in general.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.153-171
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• 2016

Purpose This study suggests the development of forecasting model for local cable TV advertisement. In order to verify the expected effect of the suggestion, using the causal loop map of System Dynamics, the factors affecting the prospects of cable TV commercial market were divided into 5 groups. Then targeting 97 people involved in the cable TV commercial market in Busan, Ulsan, and Gyeongnam, a survey was conducted on their perception of the current status of local advertisement market and future prospect. Design/methodology/approach The analysis of the collected data shows that workers in advertising and advertisers perceive the influence of cable TV as an advertising media to be high, while clearly understanding the problems of cable TV commercial market. Based on this the effects on the prospects of cable TV commercial market were analyzed and a forecasting method called Weighted Moving Average was applied. In order to improve accuracy of the added value of Weighted Moving Average, the 5 factors were divided into qualitative factors and quantitative factors, and using Multi-attribute Decision Making method, all the factors were normalized and weighting factors were deduced. The result of simulating the prospects of cable TV commercial market using Weighted Moving Average, both qualitative and quantitative factors showed downward turn in the market prospect for the following 10 years. Findings The result reflects generally negative perception of advertisement viewers about the prospects of cable TV commercial market. Compared to the previous studies on domestic cable TV commercials that focused on policy suggestions and surveys on perception of current status, this study has its significance in that it used scientific method and simulation for verification.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2012

This study aims at finding relationships between the competitiveness of cities and the size or distance of them, based on some premises; (1) the competitiveness can be measured on the interval-ratio level, that is, factor scores, (2) a hypothesis that the spatial interaction model is valid for the relationships can be generally accepted. Based on the general recognition a research hypothesis that the more is the population or the nearer is the distance from a central city the higher is the competitiveness score is constructed. According to the premises 5-factor scores and composite score are calculated by means of regression method, and the scores are regressed on cities' populations and distances from Seoul city. Using bootstrapping method for the tests of significance is effective due to small sample of 21 cities. Results of the analyses show that most aspects of the hypothesis should be rejected or adjusted. Scores on Health-welfare factor, public service factor, and commercial vitality factor have no relation to the cities' sizes or distances. But the results also find the facts that the strong (negative) relationships exist between (1) educational base factor score and population, (2) density factor score and distance. Although this study improves systematic and analytic understanding of spatial interaction patterns, the understanding should be invalid for the general context because it has used the data on 21 cities in the capital region at the time of 2009.

• 식품기술
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2005

Aims: As a preliminary experiment on new sanitizer delivery tools, the efficacy of aerosolizedsanitizer on foodborne pathogens was investigated in larger model chamber system.Methods: Peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide were aerosolized in a model system againstartificially inoculated target microorganisms on laboratory media. Cultures of 4 different foodborne pathogens were inoculated and affixed onto 3 different heights (bottom, wall, and ceiling), and 3different orientations (face-down, vertical, and face-down) inside a commercial semi-trailer cabinet(14.6 x 2.6 x 2.8 m). Sanitizer was aerosolized into 2 m droplet size fog and treated for 1 h atambient temperature.Results: Populations of Bacillus cereus, Listeria innocua, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonellatyphimurium were reduced by an average of 3.09, 7.69, 6.93 and 8.18 log units per plate, respectively.Interestingly, L. innocua, Staph. aureus, and Salm. typhimurium showed statistically not different (P$\leq$ 0.05) reduction patterns relative to height and orientation that were never expected in a sprayingsystemConclusion and significance: Aerosolized sanitizers diffuse like gaseous sanitizers, so it has greatpotential for use in commercial applications.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.221-227
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• 1971

수원 213, 수원 214, 진흥 및 팔달의 한계수량을 각엽위엽의 한계 수량으로부터 계산하였다. 한계수량의 패턴이 각엽의 백분을 기여도에 따라 IR 667계통은 상위엽 의존형인 반면 진흥과 팔달은 하위엽 의존형으로 구분할 수 있었다. 이러한 패턴은 각기 조기노화 및 내음성과 관련될 것으로 추정되었다. 한계수량과 실수랑을 비교한 결과 초형이 비교적 불량한 진흥과 팔달은 보다 더 한계수량에 미달하였다. 한계수량이 갖는 영양생리 및 육종에 있어서의 의의를 검토하였으며 한계수량 측정방법도 논의하였다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.124-131
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• 2011

Because excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages may reduce the quality of nutritional intake, this study examined the consumption patterns of commercial beverages, lifestyle, dietary habits, and perception of sweet taste. Participants were 407 male university students in Kyeooggido, Korea, and information was collected by self-administered questionnaire. Among them, 58 nonsmokers volunteered to participate in the taste test. Participants were divided into three groups according to the frequency of commercial beverage consumptions: 120 rare (< 1 serving/week), 227 moderate (1-3 servings/week) and 133 frequent (> 3 servings/week) consumption groups. More subjects from the rare consumption group chose water, tea, and soy milk, and more from the frequent consumption group chose carbonated soft drinks and coffee (P=0.031) as their favorite drinks. Frequent consumption group consumed fruit juice, coffee, and sports and carbonated soft drinks significantly more often (P=0.002, P=0.000, P=0.000, respectively), but not milk and tea. Frequent consumption group consumed beverages casually without a specific occasion (P=0.000) than rare consumption group. Frequent drinking of commercial beverages was associated with frequent snacking (P=0.002), meal skipping (P=0.006), eating out (P=0.003), eating delivered foods (P=0.000), processed foods (P=0.001), and sweets (P=0.002), and drinking alcoholic beverages (P=0.029). Frequent consumption group tended to have a higher threshold of sweet taste without reaching statistical significance. The results provide information for developing strategies for evidence-based nutrition education program focusing on reducing consumption of unnecessary sugar-sweetened commercial beverages.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.5192-5198
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• 2013

본 연구는 구도심 상업가로를 활성화함에 있어서 사용자 집단들 간에 의견 차이가 있는지를 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 김해시 구도심 상업가로의 사용자인 상인, 내국인 방문객 그리고 외국인 방문객을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 통계적 유의성을 검토하기 위하여 카이제곱검정을 실시하였다. 연구 결과 가로의 현황과 개선방향에 대하여 세 집단 사이에 의견 차이가 있음이 확인 되었다. 그러므로 상업가로의 활성화를 추진함에 있어서 상인들의 의견만 반영하기보다는 활성화에 필수적인 방문객들의 의견도 다양한 방법으로 반영할 필요가 있으며, 여기서 나타난 인식차이는 조정과 합의를 통하여 사업을 진행하여야 할 것이다. 본 연구는 향후 다른 상업가로 활성화 계획 수립 시 참고자료로 활용 될 수 있기를 기대한다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2009

The present study observed temperature in order to identify factors affecting temperature by zoning and to measure the intensity of their impact on temperature. The empirical results of analyzing observed data are as follows. In order to make up for multicollinearity, a problem in multiple regression analysis, and to give more specific explanations, this study conducted factor analysis and obtained desirable data with adequacy and statistical significance. In the correlation matrix, factors decreasing temperature were planted areas, water surfaces and grasslands, and those increasing temperature were bare grounds, paved areas, and building area. According to land cover patterns, commercial areas had the highest temperature lowering effect. Through the rotated component matrix, we found that factors are grouped into those decreasing temperature, those increasing temperature, and those with low significance in increasing or decreasing temperature. In order to solve the problem of multicollinearity in multiple regression analysis, we performed factor analysis between the land use patterns and temperature and confirmed the usability of factor analysis as a new analysis method in urban heat island.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.1159-1181
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• 2016

This study introduces an image-based 2D-to-3D conversion system that provides significant stereoscopic visual effects for humans. The linear and atmospheric perspective cues that compensate each other are employed to estimate depth information. Rather than retrieving a precise depth value for pixels from the depth cues, a direction angle of the image is estimated and then the depth gradient, in accordance with the direction angle, is integrated with superpixels to obtain the depth map. However, stereoscopic effects of synthesized views obtained from this depth map are limited and dissatisfy viewers. To obtain impressive visual effects, the viewer's main focus is considered, and thus salient object detection is performed to explore the significance region for visual attention. Then, the depth map is refined by locally modifying the depth values within the significance region. The refinement process not only maintains global depth consistency by correcting non-uniform depth values but also enhances the visual stereoscopic effect. Experimental results show that in subjective evaluation, the subjectively evaluated degree of satisfaction with the proposed method is approximately 7% greater than both existing commercial conversion software and state-of-the-art approach.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between housing types and crime and to suggest the appropriate strategies and interventions of housing policies for crime prevention. For spatial analysis of crime data, spatial autocorrelation is tested by Moran's I Test. A Ordinary Least Squares-based regression model is employed because crime data used in this study fails to show spatial autocorrelation. Results show that housing type variables except non-residential housing type are not associated with crime. Among land-use characteristics, the percentage of commercial areas is likely to better explain crime occurrence rather than housing types. It is surprising that residents' satisfaction to housing environment has a positive direction in its relationship with crime even though it cannot have a statistical significance. However, fear of crime shows a negative direction with crime although it fails to have a statistical significance. The findings of this study can contribute to understand the association between housing types and crime when setting housing policies for crime prevention.