• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.87-105
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• 1999

A objective of this study is to examine a commercial practices and analyze a trade environment for a successful launch of Indonesian market. In general, Indonesian trade environment is composed of a natural environment, religious peculiarity, history and politic, an economic prospect. In order to understand a commercial practice exactly and then be possible a favorable business achievement, a natural character, a mode of living, custom of a meal and invitation, custom of gift, religious taboo, a human relationship, commercial power, a tendency of product preference should be recognized. The results of the study indicate mostly that even though an excellent brand image, a good Quality and an efficient sales network are a basic factor for making of a successful business. However practically it is more important to understand a business custom and a natural character of Indonesian. Because business is made up of through relation between human being eventually.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.388-400
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• 2021

Power to gas (P2G) is one of the energy storage technologies that can increase the storage period and storage capacity compared to the existing battery type. One of P2G technology produces hydrogen by decomposing water from renewable energy (electricity) and the other produces CH4 by reacting hydrogen with CO2. This study is an experimental study to produce CH4 by reacting CO2 of biogas with hydrogen using a 40 wt% Ni-Mg-Al catalyst and a commercial catalyst. Catalyst characteristics were analyzed through H2-TPR, XRD, and XPS instruments of 40% Ni catalyst and commercial catalyst. The effect on the CO2 conversion rate and CH4 selectivity was analyzed, and the activities of a 40% Ni catalyst and a commercial catalyst were compared. As a result of experiment, In the case of a 40 wt% catalyst, the maximum CO2 conversion rate showed 77% at the reaction temperature of 400℃. Meanwhile, the commercial catalyst showed a maximum CO2 conversion rate of 60% at 450℃. When 50% of CO was added to the CO2 methanation reaction, the CO2 conversion rate was increased by about 5%. This is considered to be due to the atmosphere in which the CO reaction can occur without the process of converting to CH4 after forming carbon and CO as intermediates in terms of the CO2 mechanism on the catalyst surface.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.147-152
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• 2017

This paper presents a frequency doubler operating at G-band that exceeds the maximum oscillation frequency ($f_{max}$) of the given transistor technology. A common-source transistor is biased on class-B to obtain sufficient output power at the second harmonic frequency. The input and output impedances are matched to achieve high output power and high return loss. The frequency doubler is fabricated in a commercial 150-nm GaAs pHEMT process and obtains a measured conversion gain of -5.5 dB and a saturated output power of -7.5 dBm at 184 GHz.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.150-155
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• 2014

This paper presents The performance analysis of inverter control type-industrial cooler with respect to refrigeration load and outdoor temperature. Aside from materials about simulations and foundation data regarding inverter control compressors, currently, data about commercial coolers with inverter control still lack information for performance comparison. Thus, in this paper, the experiments are done to see characteristics of condensation capacity, evaporation capacity, compressor power and COP with respect to outdoor temperature and load by using a commercial inverter control cooler model. As a result, COP difference of the inverter control cooler with respect to load is 30% at the outdoor temperature of $35^{\circ}C$, 29% at the outdoor temperature of $30^{\circ}C$, 34% at $25^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.451-460
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• 2001

An analysis program for the thermal performance prediction of steam turbine cogeneration systems with multi-extraction, reheat and regeneration has been developed on the basis of the thermodynamic heat balance method. Heat balance analyses were performed for a commercial cogeneration power plant using the program. Its appropriateness was verified by comparing its heat balance results with those of other commercial programs and those provided by the original system designer. Further parametric analyses were carried out and performance improvement measures in designing the plant were suggested.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.74-77
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• 2011

PSPICE modeling of a commercial LED driver IC (TOP245P) and PC817A optocoupler is proposed for the switch-mode power supply (SMPS) (applicable to LED driver) design and simulation. An analog behavioral model of the TOP245P IC including the shunt regulator, under-voltage(UV) detection, over-voltage(OV) shut-down and SR flip-flop is developed by using PSPICE. The empirical equation of PC817A current transfer ratio (CTR) is fitted from the datasheet of PC817A. Two types of SMPSs are simulated with the averaged-model and switching-model. The simulation results by the proposed PSPICE models are in good agreement with those in the data sheet and an experimental data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.533-534
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• 2008

This paper presents a multi-phase ring VCO for low-cost, low-power GPS receiver. In the RF band used in GPS, L1 band is now in commercial-use and L2,L5 are predicting to be commercial-use soon. Thus Wide band PLL and Cost-effective IC solutions are required for future multi-band GPS receiver that received three types band at once. A new PLL architecture for multi-band GPS application is proposed. Ring VCO is even smaller than LC-VCO and a good alternative for low-cost solution. Proposed multi-phase ring VCO offers wide frequency range covering L1, L2, and L5 band, 20% reduction of area, 23% reduction of PLL power and can generate I/Q without extra I/Q generator.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.30 no.A
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• pp.9-15
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• 2010

Recently, Smart Grid is a emerging topic in power and communication industry. Smart Grid refers to a evolution of the electricity supply infrastructure that monitors, protects, and intelligently optimize the operation of the interconnected elements including various type of generators, power grid, building/home automation system and end-use consumers. In order to successful implementation of Smart Grid, energy management function will be the key factor that coordinates and optimally controls the various loads according to the operating condition and environments, and the load patterns in residential and commercial building will be required as fundamental element for load management. In this study, we collects many types of energy usage data of electric appliances, analyze their load curves, and make the general load patterns for electrical appliance.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 2014

A Commercial Grade Item Dedication(CGID) for Korean operating nuclear power plants has been implemented since 2012. The CGID implementation and strategies for Korea are established as follows: CGID policy establishment, R&D of a specific methodologies of CGID, enrollment of third party organizations for CGID work, CGID program establishment for enrolled suppliers, establishment of training courses for certification, and CGID process development for quality class Q and A. Consequently, it is expected that these activities are enable to enhance the reliability and the safety of components and/or parts in nuclear power plants.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.103-127
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• 2008

This paper is to research the powers and interim measures of the arbitral tribunal in the arbitral proceedings of the international commercial arbitration under arbitration legislation and arbitration rules including the UNCITRAL Model Law and Arbitration Rules. The powers of the arbitral tribunal may be found within the arbitration agreement or any arbitration rules chosen by the parties, or the chosen procedural law. The power of the arbitral tribunal to decide its own jurisdiction is one of the fundamental principles of international commercial arbitration. It is a power which is now found in nearly all modern arbitration and rules of arbitration. Where an arbitral tribunal has been appointed then it will usually have the power to proceed with the arbitration in the event that a party fails to appear. It cannot force a party to attend but it may sanction the failure. While the arbitral tribunal can direct the parties to attend and give evidence the arbitral tribunal has no power to compel a party to give evidence. The arbitral tribunal may continue the arbitration in the absence of the party or its failure to submit evidence and make an award on the evidence before it. Under most of arbitration legislation and arbitration rules, the arbitral tribunal has the power to appoint experts and obtain expert evidence. The power to order a party to disclose documents in its possession is a power given to the arbitral tribunal by many national laws and by most arbitration rules. The arbitral tribunal cannot, however, compel disclosure and in the case where a party refuses to disclosure documents then the sanctions that the arbitral tribunal can impose must be ascertained from the applicable rules or the relevant procedural law. A number of arbitration rules and national laws allow for the arbitral tribunal to correct errors within the award. Most of arbitration legislation and arbitration rules permit the arbitral tribunal to grant orders for interim measure of protection. Article 17(1) of the Revised UNCITRAL Model Law of 2006 states: Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, the arbitral tribunal may, at the request of a party, grant interim measures. Interim measures of protection usually take such forms as (1) conservatory measures intended to prevent irreparable damage and maintain the status quo; (2) conservatory measures intended to preserve evidence or assets. Orders for interim measures by the arbitral tribunal are not self-enforcing. However, the arbitral tribunal must have the powers necessary to make interim measures effective. The Article 17 B of the Revised UNCITRAL Model Law of 2006 provides applications for preliminary orders and conditions for granting preliminary orders. And the Article 17 H provides recognition of enforcement of interim measures. In conclusion, the revised articles with regard to interim measures of the UNCITRAL Model Law of 2006 would contribute significantly to the security of the effectiveness of interim measures in international commercial arbitration. Therefore, Korean Arbitration Law and Arbitration Rules would be desirable to admit such revised articles with regard interim measures.