• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1162-1172
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• 1997

The actual thermal environment and bedclimate on Ondol were investigated by the regions and housing styles in each season. The subject were sixty healthy men and women, 30 of them live in apartment, and 30 of them live in detached house. 20 of them live in Wonju, 20 of them live in Cheongju and 20 of them live in Pusan. The results are as follows: 1) The subject slept in this conditions; 23.1$\pm$2.4$^{\circ}C$ and 38$\pm$8.8% RH in spring, 27.1$\pm$1.5$^{\circ}C$ and 68$\pm$6.4% RH in summer, 27.1$\pm$1.7$^{\circ}C$ and 47$\pm$11.1% RH in autumm, and 24.9$\pm$3.3$^{\circ}C$ and 41$\pm$10.7% R.H in winter The temperatures of the floors were 38.6$\pm$5.$0^{\circ}C$ in the spring, 26.7$\pm$1.9$^{\circ}C$ in the summer, 29.4$\pm$4.7$^{\circ}C$ in the autumm, and 30.0$\pm$5.8$^{\circ}C$ in the winter. 2) Each thickness of the quilts was thinner in the summer than in any other season, but the differences in the thickness of each mattress was not significant by the seasons. 3) The differences of the bedclimate and the clothing microclimate were significant by the regions and housing in each seasons. The inside of temperature and humidity of sleepwrar were highest in summer. The bedclimate showed high correlation with the clothing microclimate. 4) The differences in the sensation which the subjects felt about temperature and comfort of the bedroom conditions were not significant by the seasons, regions, or housing styles. But the subjects felt more humid in the summer and spring than in the autumm and winter.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.270-282
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to inquire into lounge wear and Jeff Koons and to design lounge wear in which the works, Balloon Dog(1994$\sim$2000) and Hanging Heart(1994$\sim$2006), of Jeff Koons was applied. The concept of design was appealed as sensuousness, activeness, and comfort. The target of design was teens and those in their 20s. Knit or woven fabric in 100% cotton/silk and cotton blended was selected. The design had fitted silhouette and the items were bras, panties, pajama pants, shorts, robes, slippers etc. Adobe Illustrator CS2 and Adobe Photoshop CS2 program were used for the design. In the lounge wear in which Balloon Dog applied, main color was red, blue, and green with pale tone and frills and pleats were selected for the details. Elastic blended fabric was used for the comfortable. Variety application of color and patterns were conducted for rhythmical visual. In the lounge wear design in which Hanging Heart applied, main color was also red, blue, and green with pale tone. Halter neck and robes were selected for the sexy looking. Cool and soft feelings were pursued through use of cotton and silk blended fabrics or stripes patterns. The result of this study may give valuable information to merchandisers and designers who develop lounge wear. It may also provide designers who use computer program such as Adobe Illustrator and Adobe Photoshop as design tools with useful examples.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.313-326
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• 2018

Over the past few years, companies have started moving into specific niches in plus-size fashion. The purpose of this study was to verify the marketability of young plus-size clothes in the USA. Data were collected from female consumers aged from 20 to 39 who have experience of purchasing plus-size items. A total of 282 responses were used for statistical analysis. The research result is as follows. First, the obesity stress is affected more by the subjective obesity level than by the objective obesity level and by how people recognize their body types. Second, from an analysis of the factors affecting the shopping orientation of plus-size consumers, style consciousness, pursuing reasonable, emphasizing comfort, and body consciousness are found to be important factors. Third, even if responders are aware of their exact body size, they actively look for the correct size. Fourth, fit evaluation of plus-size products is based on the factors of size fit and movement fit. The respondents were unsatisfied with chest and arm measurements, which deviate widely by body type for tops. Fifth, the overall dissatisfaction with the plus-size market is attributed to the fact that the product assortment range from which to select styles is narrow, and trend reflection is low. Sixth, the respondents tended to avoid fabrics that make their body type more obvious, textures that give the impression of a larger body size, or stiff textures. These results show that the psychological and physical characteristics of obese consumers should be considered to develop products for the young plus-size market.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.87-92
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to have examined the influence on the blood circulation by comparing the differences between stimulating the sympathetic ganglion and the muscle group among the stimulation variables in interferential current stimulation and to have found out the most effective stimulating mode for the improvement the peripheral blood circulation in the interferential current stimulation. Method : The subjects of the study is the men and women in the twenties, who are in great condition and have no pathological report for the blood circulation influence. The intensity of the inferential current stimulation is the medium degree, 100 bps constant current, which is the comfort and overt degree to confirm the muscle contraction. The areas stimulated by the interferential current stimulation are the stellate ganglion area in the seventh cervical vertebrae and the forearm muscle area. The stimulating time is twenty minutes long. After stimulating the two areas, the change of the blood circulation has been measured. Results : Both stimulating the sympathetic ganglion and stimulating the muscle, before and after interferential current stimulation, we have seen that the amount of blood circulation was increased significantly and statistically in both two groups(p<.01) and that the amount of blood circulation was increased significantly and statistically in the case of stimulating the sympathetic ganglion(p<.01). Conclusion : The conclusion we received that inferential current stimulation had the clear influence on increasing the peripheral blood circulation. And stimulating the sympathetic ganglion area is more effective than stimulating muscle area directly.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

This study investigated the effects of persimmon-dyed clothing materials upon thermophysiological responses and subjective comfort sensations during exercise and rest in a warm environment. Six healthy, untrained women participated in two separate testing sessions, with cotton materials dyed with astringent persimmon extract (DC) and undyed cotton materials (UDC). The physical characteristics associated with heat and moisture transfer were improved in DC; also, stiffness, anti-drapery stiffness and crispness in the primary hand values were higher in DC. The experimental protocol consisted of a 10-min rest, 15-min exercise on a treadmill (at ${7km{\cdot}h^{-1}}$) and 25-min recovery at $28{\pm}0.2^{\circ}C$ and $50{\pm}3%\;RH$. The results were as follows: When wearing DC rather than UDC, mean body temperature, heart rate, heat storage and body mass loss were significantly lower during the whole experimental period. Clothing microclimate temperature showed different profiles between the two clothing materials, being lower with DC than UDC during the first half of exercise and the second half of recovery. Clothing microclimate humidity was significantly lower with DC than UDC during the whole experimental period. When wearing UDC, subjects felt significantly warmer and less comfortable during exercise, and sensed greater humidity during exercise and recovery. These results suggest that eco-friendly clothing materials dyed with astringent persimmon extract can reduce exercise-induced heat load and improve subjective sensations when exercising and resting in a warm environment, due to greater heat dissipation from the body to the outside environment compared with undyed clothing materials.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.733-742
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• 2013

This research explores the relationship between body image and clothing behavior in order to enhance self-efficacy among multicultural children based on a survey of 167 children. The statistical analysis indicated that children value(in decreasing order)family-esteem, friend-esteem, self-esteem, and school-esteem. School-esteem is the lowest, with boys displaying slightly higher levels of esteem than girls. A boys' self-esteem appears enhanced by higher satisfaction with overall appearance and weight; however, girls' self-esteem helped them address appearance and physical characteristics with positive attitudes. In addition, the clothing behavior of children significantly influenced self-esteem to differing degrees based upon gender. A boys' self-esteem can be increased by having them show interest in clothes rather than letting them wear similar clothes to their friends because their self-esteem can be heightened by higher interests and lower similarity. A girls' self-esteem can be augmented by the clean management of clothes and comfortable wearing due to their emphasis on manageability and comfort. This survey was limited to the Gyeonggi and Inchon area and leaves room for future studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 1982

The purpose of this study was to analyze the factorial structure of the criteria on clothing selection. Data were obtained from 219 housewives in Seoul. 95 likert type questions were selected from the existing questionnaires and from the open end questions. The items were analyzed for discriminating power, followed by the factor analysis. 57 items were subjected to the principal component analysis with orthogonal rotation after extraction of 5 major factors. 47 items were found to be significantly loaded to at least one of the five factors. The factors had the following characteristics: Factor I. The persons scoring high on this factor would invest time and energy in their clothes to achieve their image and individuality. They were interested in clothes, appearance and fashion. Factor II. The persons scoring high on this factor were more concerned about the practicality of clothing, such as ease-of-care, comfort, texture and quality of fabric. They would not select the clothes which soiled easily and would not perform as expected. Factor III. High scores on this factor were associated with the eagerness to get the cloth-ing value for the money. They would make a long plan to buy an expensive clothing and choose a unique clothing regardless of fashion. Factor IV. A high score on this factor was suggestive of modesty. They were willing to buy inconspicuous clothes, such as dark or muted colors, small prints and conservative styles. Factor V. High scores on this factor were characterized by the desire for conformity and approval of their friends. This result may be used to develop an instrument to measure the criteria on clothing selection of consumer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.669-676
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the improved cold tolerance resulting from cool clothing in winter on heat tolerance in summer. Ten healthy women were divided into two groups, cold group(C group) (n=5) and warm group(W group) (n=5) . In the previous study, C group was proved that their cold acclimatization was achieved through wearing cool clothing from September to February of the following year, while Wgroup was not proved because of wearing warm clothing during same period. After February, no more clothing training was continued in two groups. To determine the heat tolerance, both groups were exposed from a thermoneutral environment(25$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, 50$\pm$5% R.H.) to a hot environment (35$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, 50$\pm$5% R.H.) before and after clothing training, respectively September in 1994 and truly in 1995. Rectal temperature, skin temperatures, thermal sensation and comfort were measured every 10 min., and Os uptake was measured at 10, 45, 85 min. after entering the chamber for 5 min. Body weight was measured before and after the experiment and amount of local sweat was measured during the 90 min long experiment. The results are as follows: Rectal temperatures in 35'c environment of C group were increased after training when compared with before clothing, while those of W group were not changed. But the changes of rectal temperature and heat production during 90 min in hot environment were almost the same in two groups after training. And mean skin temperatures, the changes of mean skin temperatures during 90 min in hot environment, total sweat amount and local sweat amount after training were also the same in two groups. From these results, it might be supposed that the heat loss of two groups were the same but the heat production, especially heat production during rest in C group was higher than in Wgroup. This fact suggests that the increase of rest heat production from cold acclimatization in winter is maintained to summer of the following year. And mild cold acclimatization coming from westing cool clothing does not have a negative effect on heat tolerance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.6 s.165
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• pp.933-941
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• 2007

Nowadays the numbers of the disabled and elderly have been increasing, and the development of adaptive clothing for these people is in demand. The purpose of this study was to give ideas and solutions for the special needs clothing design. The knowledge of medical situation of the individuals with special needs has been examined and factors affecting adaptive clothing were suggested. Twenty-one web sites were investigated and the most practical, functional, fashionable adaptive clothes were suggested by items. Construction and location of openings, number and type of fastenings, and design of garments for comfort and ease of movement were carefully considered in these clothes. Better appearance through improvement of clothing will help these people to believe that they have worth in the sight of others and in their own view of themselves. Disabled and elderly can obtain the quality of life, maintain the dignity, and make the access to the world a little bit easier by solving the particular clothing problems with all these convenient as well fashionable adaptive clothing.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2019

This study aims to investigate the relation between pressure, 3D length change, and subjective pressure sensation in sports brassieres. Seven Korean women in their 20s and 30s were chosen as subjects. In the experiment, the subjects evaluated four types of sports brassieres wherein the lower band was changed. The results of the study were as follows. The pressure according to the measurement position was lower at the front part than at the side and back parts (p<.05), and there was no difference in the pressure according to the brassiere type. It was observed that brassiere C, which had the higher extension band, was elongated more than the other brassieres when worn. In the case of brassiere B, which had a slit in the front center, it was observed that the 3D length of the front part changed very little as the slit spreads, and the back part stretched in a manner similar to those of the other brassieres. Subjective pressure sensation was statistically different only at the front and the side of the lower band. Brassiere B(with a silt) demonstrated the least subjective pressure sensation; the pressure sensation was high when wearing brassieres A and D (p<.05). Brassieres B and C were also preferred for overall comfort. In conclusion, it was observed that the substitution of material and morphological transformation affect subjective sensation.