• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.115-127
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• 2023

The demand for orthodontic clear aligner therapy (CAT) has increased significantly over the last decade, offering advantages over the fixed appliances (FA) including enhanced aesthetics, better hygiene and comfort, along with minimal restrictions on the patient's diet. Moreover, a marked improvement in the efficacy of tooth movement using aligners has been documented. On the contrary, there have been known limitations of CAT including the compliances issues and the apparent lack of efficacy for certain types of tooth movement such as closure of extraction space compared to FA. Thus, evidence-based evaluation of the accuracy of prediction of tooth movement with clear aligners and their ability to effectively perform major tooth and root movements compared to FA are crucial. Although several systematic reviews have investigated various aspects of the effectiveness of CAT, we are yet to obtain a rather conclusive answer to this question. The current review attempted to summarize the evidence-based findings of most systematic reviews about CAT available to date. Major issues regarding the predictability of tooth movement, the role of attachments and auxiliaries in improving the effectiveness of CAT, and the treatment outcomes in comparison to FA were investigated. Clinical recommendation have been also elaborated based on the interpretation of the findings of all systematic reviews included in this study.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.262-271
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• 2018

Recently, Daejeon Metropolitan City is planning a futuristic city with Daedeok Special District at the center of its transformation into a city of nature, science and culture along with the fourth industrial revolution. Therefore, this research will divide the 1.5 km distance from the in Doryong-dong, Daejeon, science park intersection to the (Former)Daedeok Science and Culture Center, and propose a space design concept that incorporates IT technologies that fit the characteristics. The center will analyze the space status and derive an experience-oriented space design concept for user-centered planning so that it can serve as a guideline that will provide the fundamental direction for the promotion of the Daedeok Science Culture. Through the field survey, we will look for ways to integrate IT technology with infrastructure that needs improvement and change the distance of Daedeok Science culture as a smart street. The results of the field survey were : (1) made by connecting the persistence of comfort and safety issues, (2) uniformity and efficiency issues, and (3) the experience of identity problems and the orientation of the smart city. To create user-centered distances, we attempted to avoid uniform zoning based solely on infrastructure and zoning focusing on user behavior.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.19-26
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• 2015

Purpose: Maximizing human comfort in design of medical environments depends immensely on specialized architects particularly critical care design; the study proposes Evidence-Based Design as an apparent analog to Evidence-Based Medicine. Healthcare facility designs are substantially based on the findings of study in an effort to design environments that augment care by improving patient safety and being therapeutic. On SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) t-test is applied to simulate two independent variables of PDR (Pre Design-Research) and POE (Post- Occupancy Evaluation). PDR is conducted on relatively new hospital Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital to analyse visibility from researchers' point of view, here the ICU is arranged in I-Shape. POE is applied on Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital to simulate walking on LogWare where two NS are designed based on L- Shape and Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea where five NS are functional for ICU Intensive Care Unit, Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU), Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU), Critical Care Unit (CCU), Korean Oriental Medical Care Unit which are mostly arranged in U-Shape, and walking pattern is recognized to be in a zigzag path. Method: T-Test is applied on two dependent communication variables: walkability and visibility, with confidence interval of 95%. This study systematically analyses the Nurse Station (NS) typo-morphology, and simulates nurse horizontal circulation, by computing round route visits to patient's bed, then estimating minimum round route on LogWare stop sequence software. The visual connectivity is measured on depth map graphs. Hence the aim is to reduce staff stress and fatigue for better patients care by minimizing staff horizontal travel time and to facilitate nurse walk path and support space distribution by increasing effectiveness in delivering care. Result: Applying visibility graph and isovist field on space syntax on I- Shape, L- Shape and U- Shape ICU (SICU, MICU and CCU) configuration, I-shape facilitated 20% more patients in linear view as they stir to rise from their beds from nurse station compared to U-shape. In conclusion, it was proved that U-Shape supply minimum walking and maximum visibility; and L shape provides just visibility as the nurse is at pivot. I shape provides panoramic view from the Nurse Station but very rigorous walking.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.140-152
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• 2011

The purposes of this study are to analyze the gap between foodservice personnel and customers, to urge foodservice providers to reconsider by identifying the problems in service delivery for customer satisfaction, and to deduce the recognition for foodservice quality improvement. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: the average perception score of personnel(3.78 out of 5) was higher than that of customers(3.79). In particular, the customers' perception of 16 attributes, which included 'overall lighting in the restaurant', 'creativity of the food', 'freshness of the ingredients' and so on, was significantly lower than personnel's. Both service providers and customers perceived that 'meal quality' was the highest and 'table setting' was the lowest among the 4 factors, but there was significant difference on 'interior space(p<.001)', 'meal quality (p<.01)', 'convenience(p<.01)' between the two groups. As a results of the quadrant analysis, 'Q3. dishes and bowls', 'Q6. cleanliness of the tables', 'Q12. display of the food', 'Q17. comfort of the interior space', 'Q18, room temperature', 'Q23. overall lighting in the restaurant', 'Q30. arrangement of the furniture and accessaries' were categorized into Quadrant A, all of which showed dissatisfaction of the customers due to the personnel's lower perception. Therefore, service providers have to perceive the gap between the two viewpoints and grant priority to these attributes to improve foodservice quality.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.182-193
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• 2012

The percentage of senior citizens is increasing in Korea and it is expected to become an "aging society". Problems with the elderly are becoming a big concern, such as physical and mental illness, losing their jobs and having difficulties at home. But, the silver generation, as they are being known, has changed a lot these days. With the aid of medical developments, the elderly's lifespan has become longer, making them more independent and active. Senior Welfare Center's are places where the elderly can spend their golden years in comfort, meaningfully. Senior Welfare Center's these days provide many different programs, which naturally lead to an increase in elderly users. With the rise in welfare centers and users, research on the subject also grew. As this topic has only recently become an issue, there were not many spatial structure studies considering elderly movement. Therefore, there should be spatial structure research that considers older users space awareness and how it can be managed effectively. The goal of this study is to present basic resources for providing a comfortable senior welfare center for elders. This will be based on quantitative analysis derived from spatial structure research along with special construction characteristics based on the institution's general plan. As a research method, Senior Welfare Center's will be categorized into corridor type, hall type, and hybrid types which then be reproduced into a j-graph. Based on this, special structure characteristics and connection links will be comprehended. Then the connection link will be analyzed based on the space syntax result calculated from each type's integration, connectivity, control value, and intelligibility. The analysis result shows that Senior Welfare Center j-graph's average arrangement is hybrid>corridor>hall types. Those elders lacking awareness need easily perceivable spatial structure's and hall type's would be the best choice to increase their awareness as it has high articulation. However, hall type's would be difficult to construct with the size increase, so hybrid type would be the next logical solution. Space with relatively high articulation will need to be planned in hybrid type's where rest areas can be created within the halls in the Welfare Center in connection to its corridors.

• Archives of design research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.149-159
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• 1999

It is already a well-known fact, that Korean attend the funeral ceremonies with their courteous etiquette being derived from their customs succeeded from the old ancient times to the contemporary one, regarding it as of great importance. Especially in the age of Lee Dynasty, the etiquette has been a way of Confucian ideas, which has exerted a harmful influences to Korean society due to the reflection of the dutiful conciousness to the tomb customs, and that the change of the burial site and its construction works became more and more serious and excessive. In the meantime, the population has been increased according to the development of the modern industrialization and the number of the dead has also been increased, which caused the issue on the effective use of the limited national land relating to the tomb culture, as the passing of the time. Consequently, in this study on the design of the charnel house, three aspects, humane aspect pursuing the human value, like naturalism or equalitarianism, circumstancial aspect presenting minimum space and convenient space, and formative aspect expressing convenient space, and formative aspect expressing convenient charnel function, unique form and symbolism, have been considered, in order that the tomb space could be transferred to the place for the meditation looking back the meaning of the life, or the place for the comfort. Above all, the special emphasis has been put on the creation of the tomb culture, harmonizing relaxation, exercise and refinement in everyone's life. And in order to realize it, the special interest and investment should be directed not only to the materialistic culture caused from the whole hearted devotion to the development for advancing society, but to the related parts to the value of the life or spiritual culture, such a sideology, culture or environment etc., which would be led to the entrance to the real advaced country members.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.477-491
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to develop urban planning for mitigating thermal comfort by analyzing the relationship between various physical environmental factors and radiation fluxes focused on urban areas of Changwon city, Gyeongsangnam-do. Physical environmental factors were analyzed by sky view factor (SVF), land cover and land use types using GIS program. Radiation fluxes were measured upward and downward in solar and terrestrial radiation by mobile measurement during 3 days (2 daytime and 1 nighttime) in summer season. SVF is high in urban park less around buildings. High dense building sites were low. Downward solar radiation fluxes were the highest about $700W/m^2$ at daytime, and decreased in spatial type arranged dense buildings. Upward solar and terrestrial radiations was affected by land cover types that have thermal features such as reflectivity, emissivity, and heat capacity. Therefore, urban space needs appropriate planning with building arrangement, green walls and land cover replacement for mitigating thermal comfort in urban area.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.68-80
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• 2016

This study analyzed the influence of the perception of physical environment on user satisfaction and park use when people use the park to improve their health. The study is focused on neighborhood parks in Suseong-gu, Daegu city. Statistical analyses were employed to data collected from 143 visitors on site. First of all, in the perception evaluation of the physical environment of the park, accessibility and pedestrian environment are the highest at 4.04, while water space and attractions in the park as the lowest parts are at 2.32 and 2.66. After conduct factor analysis to type 22 physical environmental awareness components, five main factors--Comfort, Availability, Amenity, Facilities convenience and Visuality--were classified. Then, satisfaction and influence on park use were analyzed. As a result, the factors affecting user satisfaction were comfort, availability, amenity and facility convenience. Among them, the category of amenity was the most influential factor at 0.315. The factors affecting the park use were availability and amenity. Availability factor had a higher influence at 0.396 than amenity at 0.293. Therefore, in order to improve satisfaction and park use for health improvement, it is necessary to secure sufficient green areas and create a pleasant environment. Also, it is necessary to improve the quality of walkability from homes to parks, trail improvement and other improvements.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.607-616
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• 2015

The demand for cars has been so steadily increasing based on the economic growth that the number of registered cars reached 18,870,000 as of the end of December, 2012. Due to this, the demand for the parking lots also rises continuously. Because of the limited ground space, the buildings ever becoming larger, and the trend of underground parking spaces, recent parking spaces are generally constructed underground. Accordingly, the parking lot ramps slope is limited to less than 17% by relevant laws to ensure the driver safety. However, when a driver enters a parking lot ramps whose slope is slightly steep, he frequently experiences his car body colliding with ramp brackets and often sees the scratches on ramp floor. Thus, this study is intended to prevent any damage to a structure and to contribute to ensuring the riding comfort and safety of drivers and passengers by presenting the details of proper vertical curve to prevent the collision of vehicles with ramp brackets through a vertical analysis of the first and last parts of a parking lot ramps. Because it is necessary to decide the appropriate and suitable vertical slope of a parking lot ramps, this study first identified the problems through site inspection, targeting the parking lot ramps of large buildings frequently that are used by many random people. Next, the possibility of mutual collision was assessed through a theoretical analysis of the first and last parts of a parking lot ramps. Lastly, the vertical curve of a parking ramp was analyzed to estimate its details, which was presented in this study. In conclusion, if the vertical curve presented through this study is used, it will help prevent any damage to the cars and structures, ensure the riding comfort and safety of the drivers, and further reestablish the criteria for vertical installation of a parking lot ramps.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.47-59
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• 2023

Due to climate change and urbanization, abnormally high temperatures and heat waves are expected to increase in urban and deteriorate thermal comfort. Planting of street trees and changing the albedo of urban surfaces are the strategies for mitigating the thermal environment of urban, and both of these strategies affect the exposure and blocking of radiative fluxes to pedestrians. After measuring the shortwave and longwave radiation according to the ground surface with different albedo and the presence of street trees using the CNR4 net radiometer, this study analyzed the relationship between this two strategies in terms of thermal environment mitigation by calculating the MRT(Mean Radiant Temperature) of each environment. As a result of comparing the difference between the downward shortwave radiation measured under the right tree and at the control, the shortwave radiation blocking effect of the tree increased as the downward shortwave radiation increased. During daytime hours (from 11 am to 3 pm), the MRT difference caused by the albedo difference(The albedo of the surfaces are 0.479 and 0.131, respectively.) on surfaces with no tree is approximately 3.58℃. When tree is present, the MRT difference caused by the albedo difference is approximately 0.49℃. In addition, in the case of the light-colored ground surface with high albedo, the surface temperature was low and the range of temperature change was lower than the surrounding surface with low albedo. This result shows that the urban thermal environment can be midigate through the planting of street trees, and that the ground surface with high albedo can be considered for short pedestrians. These results can be utilized in planning street and open space in urban by choosing surfaces with high albedo along with the shading effect of vegetation, considering the use by various users.