• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.545-551
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• 2012

Due to the use of polymeric materials in construction materials, the fire combustion gases that occur in the fire are various. The one of combustion gases, HBr is measured to evaluate the toxicity of the combustion gases in the FTP Code Part 2, Standard NES 713 and Standard BS 6853. According to the MSDS, Inhalation of HBr gas especially cause burn, respiratory dysfunction, headache, etc. The people who are exposed to 50ppm of HBr gas, very irritant gas may also frequently result in both immediate death and post-exposure deaths due to pulmonary complications. In this paper, we conduct a research on the combustion toxicity of HBr gas hazardous test which is motility measurement of the mice exposed to the HBr standard gas comparing the biological analysis result.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.177-188
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• 1987

A compute program based on the minimization of total Gibbs' free energy and enthalpy balance was developed to calculate the chemical equilibrium composition and adiabatic flame temperature, especially stressed on NO and CO concentration of Heavy oil. Twenty four components of combustion gases which would be produced from the combustion of Heavy oil were chosen and utilized for the products composition analysis of competing combustion reaction. As the results, following conclusions were turned out; (1) Maximum adiabatic flame temperature was found around to be 2900K, when the stoichiometric air ratio was 0.8. (2) Maximum NO quantity in adiabatic process was occurred when supplied air quantity was around 120% of theoretical air requirement. (3) NO and CO quantities were increased with combustion gas temperature at constant stoichiometric air ratio. (4) At constant temperature of combustion gas, NO quantity was increased and Co quantity was decreased with supplied air quantity.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.477-484
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• 2016

In general, $CH_4$ concentrations generated in combustion facilities are known to be ppm units. In most cases, $CH_4$ samples are collected in Tedlar bags and transported to laboratories for analysis. Considering this fact, in the present study, an attempt was made to find out how long samples can be stored in cases where they are kept in bags and transported as a preliminary study for sampling. According to the results of the experiment using simulated gases (1 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm) in Tedlar bag, $CH_4$ was safe up to 240 hr which is the full time. In the case of simulated gases are containing 4 kind gases ($N_2$, $CO_2$, $CH_4$, and $N_2O$). Field samples (samples of obtained by collecting combustion facilities' exhaust gases) are known to contain highly reactive substances (for example NOx, SOx, and VOCs) and may affect each other. In the present study, one site sample was secured from each of a bituminous coal combustion facility and an LNG combustion facility and whether the concentrations of $CH_4$ gas would change over time (24 hr, 96 hr, 144 hr, 192 hr) was checked. Since site samples could not be analyzed on the day of collection, an experiment was started 24 hr after the time point of sampling to analyze the samples. As with the results of analysis of the simulated gas (240 hr), the results of analysis using the site sample indicated that it could be stored for the full study period 192 hr. Therefore, it was judged that if 192 hr would be taken after sampling before the sample would be analyzed, the concentration value should be reliable.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2014년도 제49회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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• pp.315-316
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• 2014

Combustion gases emit various radiation signals by chemical reaction and excited molecules in combustion system. Since temperature measurement of combustion system is very difficult, non-contact temperature measuring methods are being researched. In this paper, we propose optical system of simple structure and implement technique for measuring temperature partially in furnace using radiation wavelength signals of high temperature $CO_2$ gas generated during combustion.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.44-56
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• 2013

This research is to identify how much toxic combustion gases are produced from Korea standardized real fire test (Class A&B) by using Room Corner Tester (RCT) and how much those gases are possibly dangerous to testing personnel by estimating the level of carboxyhemoglobin (% COHb). It is confirmed that testing personnel can be affected as more than 40% COHb from Class A 9th and 10th rating in respiration minute volume (RMV) 2 and from Class A 5th to Class A 10th rating in RMV 3 during the time for initial three minutes. Also, in the case of Class B real fire tests, although it is considered rather safe for the initial 1 minute, testing personnel can be affected as more than 20% COHb from Class B 16th to 20th rating in RMV 3 during total test time. Currently, the Korea standard is only focusing on the protection measures against the heat, but the it is neglecting the protection measures against toxic combustion gases. Therefore, according to this study, it is strongly recommended that testing personnel should wear a self-contained breathing apparatus, or the equivalence depending on the real fire test rating.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.830-835
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• 1997

In this study an experimental investigation has been conducted to remove NOx and SO$_2$simultaneously from a combustion flue gases were consisted of NO-SO$_2$-$CO_2$-$N_2$-O$_2$([NO]o:200ppm and [SO$_2$]o:800ppm) and the injection gases used as radical source gases were NH$_3$-Ar-air and CH$_4$-Ar-air. NOx and SO$_2$removal efficiency and the other by-products were measured by Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR) as well as SO$_2$, NOx and NO$_2$gas detectors. and SEM images after sampling. The results showed that a significant Nucleating Particle Counter(CNPC) and SEM images after sampling. The results showed that a significant aerosol particle formation was observed during a simultaneous NOx and SO$_2$removal operation in corona radical shower systems. The diameter of aerosol particles was in the range of 0.18 to 3.6${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ with a maximum fraction of particles at particles diameter of 1${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. The NOx removal efficiency significantly increased with increasing applied voltage and NH$_3$molecule ratio. The SO$_2$removal efficiency was not significantly effected by applied voltage and slightly increased with increasing NH$_3$molecule ratio. It could be found that it is possible to use CH$_4$for NOx and SO$_2$removal by corona radical shower systems.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.88-100
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• 1994

A study on the recovery of useful components from waste tire. This study was carried out investigate the recovery of fuel oil condensed from gases formed in the pyrolysis of waste tire. Energy to require the pyrolysis of waste tire was used the heat that was produced by the combustion of the gases from the pyrolysis of waste tire itself. The results are as follows; 1. Energy to require forming the fuel oil by the pyrolysis of waste tire was used only 1/6 quantities of waste tire for forming fuel oil. 2. The formed fuel oil were light oil, Kerosene and gasoline 3. The pollutants of combustion gas of patronizable gases was lower than standard Value.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.2213-2217
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• 2008

The important factor is keeping the temperature condition in quantifying several toxic components in combustion gases. In case of not keeping the temperature as it was in combustion, the change of component and concentration of smoke gases was inevitable. To solve this problem, FT-IR spectroscopy with gas cell was applied. But, there is also a difficulty in quantitative analysis of specific toxic component because of water vapor. Thus, in this study, water vapor FT-IR spectra with different concentrations were obtained and applied them to quantitative analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2004

The recent Ire incident in an elementary school of Chonan city causes the media focus on the fire safety of residential container buildings. In this study, real fire tests were conducted in this kind of buildings. Combustion products including $O_2,\; CO_2,\;CO,\;NOx,\;SOx,\;HCI,\;HCN$ were measured, and blood samples of lab rats were analyzed in terms of Co-Hb, Glucose, AST(GOT), ALT(GPT), in order to investigate the hazard-reduction effects of employing gas mask protected with filter during the fire emergency of residential container buildings. According to the test results, whether or not employing the filter showed a sheer difference in the toxicity of the fire-induced gases, and then the importance of wearing a gas mask was evidently demonstrated.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.125-133
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• 2003

Several models for the evaluation of Gross Heat Release from the internel combustion engine (ICE) are often used in literature. One of these is the First Law - Single Zone Model (FL-SZM), derived from the First Law of Thermodynamic. This model present a twice advantage: first it describes with accuracy the physic of the phenomenon (charge heat release during the combustion stroke and heat exchange between gas and cylinder wall); second it hat a great simplicity in the mathematical formulation. The evaluation of Heat Release with the FL-SZM is based on pressure experimental measurements inside the cylinder, and ell the assumption of several parameters as the specific heat ratio, wall temperature, polytropic exponent for the motored cycle evaluation, and many others. In this paper the influence of gases thermodynamic properties on Cross Heat Release has been esteemed. In particular the influence of an appropriate equation for k=k(T) (specific heat ratio vs. temperature) which describes the variations of gases thermodynamic properties with the mean temperature inside the cylinder has been evaluated. This equation has been calculated by new V order Logarithmic Polynomials (VoLP), fitting experimental gases properties through the least square methods.