• Archives of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.55-64
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• 2018

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the sprinter and skater combined patterns on muscle contraction onset time and muscle activation of body stabilizing muscles. Method : Our study included young and healthy men in their 20s. The participants used the sprinter and skater combined patterns of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) methods to measure muscle activation and muscle contraction onset time of the trunk muscles. To measure muscle contraction onset time and muscle activation, electrodes were attached to the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and erector spinalis (ES) regions. Significant differences were identified using a paired t-test and a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis. Result : In the sprinter combined pattern, the muscle with the fastest onset time of contraction was the RES, and that with the slowest was the RRA (p<.001). In the skater combined pattern, the muscle with the fastest onset time of contraction was the LES, and that with the slowest was the LRA (p<.001). In the sprinter combined pattern, the REO and LIO presented medium muscle contraction onset times (p<.001). In the skater combined pattern, the LEO and RIO presented medium muscle contraction onset times (p<.001). Conclusions: Based on these results, these patterns could be used as exercise methods for the elderly with delayed proactive response speeds of the body stabilization methods due to imbalances in body stabilizing muscles or limbs movement.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.72-79
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• 2023

MRSA is Staphylococcus aureus resistant to β-lactam antibiotics, and is a worldwide infectious disease. Even with the discovery of new antibiotics, resistance develops rapidly, so new alternatives are needed. Jakyakgamcho-tang (JGT) is a combination of Jakyak and Gamcho, and has been mainly used as an antispasmodic and analgesic in oriental medicine. This study was conducted to find out whether there is an effect on MRSA in relation to the anti-inflammatory effect of JGT and the antibacterial effect of Jakyak and Gamcho found in previous studies. In this study, in order to investigate the antibacterial activity of JGT and the combined effect of existing antibiotics, after extracting JGT with 70% EtoH, the disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), drug combination effect (FICI), and time-kill analysis (Time-kill assay), metabolic inhibition, Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis were used to confirm the antibacterial activity mechanism of MRSA of JGT. As a result of the experiment, all of MRSA showed antibacterial activity in JGT's disc diffusion method, and the MIC was 250-1000 ㎍/mL. When existing antibiotics and JGT were combined with drugs, most had synergy or partial synergy. In addition, it was confirmed that the degree of bacterial growth was suppressed over time when simultaneous administration for 24 hours. JGT showed a synergistic effect when administered together with the ATPase-inhibitor DCCD, suggesting that it affected the inhibition of ATPase. As a result of observing the expression of PBP2a, and hla protein in the JGT-treated group and the untreated control group through wstern blot, it was confirmed that the protein expression of the JGT-treated group was significantly suppressed, and the expression levels of mecA, mecR1 and hla genes were also suppressed during JGT treatment. was observed by qRT-PCR. Combining the results of the experiment, it can be seen that JGT has antibacterial activity in MRSA, and when combined with existing antibiotics, the effect was increased compared to treatment with the drug alone. This suggests that JGT can be an alternative to treatment for antibiotic resistance of MRSA.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.133-143
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of combined treatment of needle-embedding therapy and acupuncture for breast augmentation. Methods: 136 patients had needle-embedding therapy and acupuncture combined treatments for breast augmentation. The treatments was performed once a week for 10 weeks. We measured bust circumference, underbust circumference, bust circumference and underbust circumference difference, treatments either before or after. Results: The mean of bust circumference was $77.75{\pm}4.93cm$ before the procedure and $80.25{\pm}5.01cm$ after the procedure, $2.50{\pm}1.95cm$ significantly increased. The mean of underbust circumference was $70.01{\pm}3.99cm$ before the procedure and $70.49{\pm}4.08cm$ after the procedure, $0.48{\pm}1.48cm$ significantly increased. the mean of bust circumference and underbust circumference difference was $7.74{\pm}2.24cm$ before the procedure and $9.76{\pm}2.55cm$ after the procedure, $2.01{\pm}1.72cm$ significantly increased. Conclusions: The combined treatment comprising needle-embedding therapy and acupuncture had a significant effect with regard to breast augmentation.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.17-35
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• 2001

In this study, we conducted a combined adsorption-sequential extraction analysis(CASA) to investigate temperature effects of single adsorption of lead, copper, zinc and cadmium on natural clays. As a result, it was found that in a single adsorption of lead and copper, about 50% of adsorption was occluded in carbonate phase, and in case of cadmium, about 80% of adsorption was occluded in exchangeable phase. At temperature below $25^{\circ}C$ about 60% of zinc was occluded in exchangeable phase but above $40^{\circ}C$ about 50% of zinc was occluded in carbonate phase. The effect of temperature on each occluded phase was largely observed in Fe-oxide, Mn-oxide and organic occluded phases. Besides, the adsorption of metals on natural clays was an endothermic reaction with the exception of exchangeable phase adsorption.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.765-775
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• 2001

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of surgical therapy combined with the usage of metronidazole gel in the treatment of juvenile periodontitis by comparing clinical indices of flap operation along with application of metronidazole gel and flap operation only. Comparing clinical indices of the baseline, 3 months after surgery, 6 months after surgery statistically, the results are as follows; 1. Bleeding on probing (BOP) was decreased significantly both in the experimental group and the control group at 3 months after surgery (p<0.05). BOP increased 0.9% in the control group 6 months after surgery, while in the experimental group, decreased 4.7% (p>0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in these groups (p>0.05). 2. Pocket probing depth (PPD) was decreased significantly both in the experimental group and the control group at 3 months after surgery (p<0.05). PPD increased 0.lmm in the control group 6 months after surgery, while in the experimental group, no increase of the depth could be observed (p>0.05). However, there was no statistically significant and difference in these groups (p>0.05). 3. Loss of attachment level(LOA) was decreased significantly both in the experimental group and the control group at 3 months after surgery (p<0.05). LOA increased 0.2mm in the control group 6 months after surgery, while in the experimental group, increased 0.3mm However, there was no statistically significant difference in these groups (p>0.05). In conclusion, flap operation was effective on the treatment of juvenile periodontitis. However, combined therapy of metronidazole gel could not give rise to any significant adjunctive effect on the treatment outcome.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.162-170
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cavity configurations on the marginal leakage of class 5 glass ionomer cement and composite resin restorations. Four types of cavities such as saucer shape. notch shape. combined shape(notch shape occlusally and saucer shape gingivally). and U shape were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of 80 extracted premolars(40 cavities for each shape). Occlusal cavity margins were placed at enamel and cervical margins were placed at dentin. 10 cavities of each shape were restored with Ketac Fil as a conventional glass ionomer cement. Fuji II LC improved as a resin modified glass ionomer cement, Z 100 as a hybrid composite resin. and Tetric Flow as a flowable composite resin (40 cavities for each material). After thermocycling, teeth were immersed in 5% basic fuchsin solution for 6 hours and sectioned longitudinally in a buccolingual direction through the center of the restoration. The dye penetrations at the tooth restoration interface were examined by stereomicroscope. The Result were as follows 1. In saucer shape, notch shape and combined shape, composite resin restorations showed lesser leakage than glass ionomer restorations(p<0.05) and in U shape. Tetric Flow showed the least marginal leakage and others were decreased as Z 100. Fuji II LC improved, Ketac Fil in that order. There were statistically significant difference between Tetric Flow and Fuji II LC improved. Ketac Fil and between Z 100 and Ketac Fil(p<0.05). 2. In Ketac Fil restoration group, saucer shape showed the highest marginal leakage and U shape showed the least marginal leakage and others were decreased as notch shape, combined shape in that order. There were statistically significant difference between saucer shape and combined shape, U shape and between notch shape and U shape(p<0.05). 3. In Fuji II LC improved restoration group, U shape showed the least marginal leakage. There were statistically significant difference between U shape and other three shapes(p<0.05). 4. The cavity configuration had no significant effect on marginal leakage of composite resin restorations(p>0.05).

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.167-176
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• 2004

Objective : This study was designed to investigate the effects of electro-acupuncture(EA) and moxibustion at CV13, CV12, CV10 and ST36 serum gastin level in rats. Methods : The present study was conducted to see the effects produced by combined electro-acupuncture(EA) and moxibustion using four different acupoints on serum gastrin level in rats. Electro-acupuncture (2 Hz, intensity ; 10 times muscle twitch threshold) was applied for 30 minutes to ST36 under halothane anesthesia. Moxibustion ($1.6{\pm}0.3mg$, 5 times of a day) was applied during 3 days to CV13, CV12, CV10 under halothane anesthesia. Results : Both of EA applied to the ST 36 and Moxibustion applied to the CV10, CV12 decreased serum gastrin level significantly. And the effect of combined EA at ST36 and moxibustion at CV10 was shown stronger effect than each singular stimulus of EA at ST36 and moxibustion at CV10. These data suggest that both of EA and moxibustion at specific acupoints produce change of serum gastrin level in rats and combined EA and moxibustion was shown quite effect than each singular stimulus.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.449-452
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• 2008

This study is to manufacture HSCC (High flowing Self-Compacting Concrete) be able to construction without vibration & hardening, and it is stable according to the change of the surface number of aggregate and to examine the factor of reduction occurred before after hardening through the indoor experiment. It is essential to use of the thickener to increase the viscosity in the combined HSCC. In this result, it make more bubbles than HSCC of pulverulent body. The result of study has shown, through the surface air bubble by not passed air bubbles within concrete after hardening, It has bad effect in not only appearance of structures but strength & duration. It is the experiment for air bubble of concrete according to the types of aggregate (fine aggregate), mixing time of concrete, exfoliation, material of model form and so that reduce the air bubble of combined HSCC. Experiments have shown, the effect of exfoliation was bigger than the effect of form for the performance of surface finishing of combined HSCC after hardening according to the exfoliation or material of model form and the opaque guris has good condition of finishing.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.57-67
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• 2021

Objectives To observe the pain reduction effect of Korean medical treatment combined with supine JS cervical therapy on neck pain and headache caused by whiplash injury. Methods The medical records of 30 patients suffering from neck pain and headache caused by traffic accidents from August 1, 2020 to October 30, 2020 were studied. 15 patients receiving supine JS cervical therapy combined with Korean medical treatment were assigned to group A and another 15 patients receiving Korean medical treatment but without Chuna therapy were assigned to group B. The following patient data were analyzed retrospectively - age, sex, and number of admission days, neck pain and headache visual analogue scale (VAS), and neck disability index (NDI). Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS 25.0. for Windows. A p-value≤0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results Both neck pain and headache VAS score in group A and B showed a statistically significant decrease. The changes in neck pain and headache VAS score in group A was statistically significant higher compared to those of group B. NDI in group A showed a statistically significant decrease, but NDI in group B did not decreased statistically significant. Conclusions Korean medicine treatment effectively reduces neck pain and headache. Especially, the pain reduction effect is better in patients receiving Korean medicine treatment combined with supine JS cervical therapy than in those receiving Korean medicine treatment without supine JS cervical therapy.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.38-47
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• 2022

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the combined application of manipulation and stabilization exercises on pain and spinal curvature in patients with chronic back pain. Design: Randomized controlled trial Methods: The research subjects included 24 women in their 40s and 50s who have chronic back pain. The sample was evenly divided into an experimental group, which received the combined application of manipulation and stabilization exercises, and a control group, which received stabilization exercises only. The 30-minute intervention was applied five times a week for eight weeks. A bivariate repeated measures analysis of variances was conducted to identify the differences between the two groups before the experiment, after the fourth week, and at the end of the eight-week experiment. The level of statistical significance was set at.05. This analysis examined the within-group changes and the between-group changes using a paired t-test and an independent t-test, respectively. Results: Changes in pain differed significantly depending on the time of the measurement, the interaction between the time of the measurement and each group, and between the two groups (p<.05). Changes in the curvature of the bones of the neck, the bones of the back, and the lumbar vertebrae differed significantly depending on the time of the measurement and the interaction between the time of the measurement and each group (p<.05). Conclusion: The combined application of manipulation and stabilization exercises demonstrated a positive effect on changes in pain and spinal curvature, and the method is expected to be a useful intervention for reducing pain and improving spinal curvature in patients with back pain.