• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.13-22
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• 1980

Research and Development has a property that involves uncertainity and risk in itself. Therefore, in order to scheduling of R & D activity, it Is needed of a certain probabilistic network technique with due regard to feedback process used to occur in the R & D proceeding. It is GERT that was developed as the need arises . In this study, the network structure of GERT-I and GERT-II was combined and then simulation analysis was used to it. According to that analysis , an advanced GERT model which covers the following stochastic problems was examined. 1 Evaluating success feasibility under the complex condition (time and cost). 2 Selecting acceptance range for the worst. 3. Selecting optimum path on basis of time, cost and success. 4. Evaluating project utility among the project alternatives. It is for managing R&D projects more effectively.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.151-171
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• 2012

The Permo-Triassic Songrim orogeny in the Korean peninsula was a major tectonic event involving complicated continental collisions at the eastern margin of Eurasia. Based on the previous studies on the metamorphic and deformations features of the Songrim orogeny, this paper presents metamorphic and structural characteristics and timing of the Songrim orogeny in the Taebaeksan basin, and discuss about correlation of the tectono-metamorphic evolution of the Taebaeksan basin with the Okcheon basin and the Imjingang belt with a combined analysis of bulk crustal shortening direction, metamorphic P-T and T-t (time) paths. The metapelites in the Pyeongan Supergroup in the northeastern margin of the Taebaeksan basin have experienced lower-temperature/medium-pressure (LT/MP) regional metamorphism followed by high-temperature contact metamorphism due to the Jurassic granite intrusion. The earlier LT/MP regional metamorphism produced two loops of clockwise P-T-d (deformation) paths combined with four deformation events ($D_1-D_4$). The first loop concomitant with $D_1$ and $D_2$ occurred at $400-500^{\circ}C$, 1.5-3.0 kbar, and related with growth of syn-$D_1$ chloritoid and andalusite, post-$D_1$ margarite, Ca-rich syn-$D_2$ or post-$D_2$ plagioclase. The second loop accompanying $D_3$ and $D_4$ occurred at $520-580^{\circ}C$, 2.0-6.0 kbar, and associated with the growth of syn-$D_3$ garnet and staurolite, and syn-$D_4$ and/or post-$D_4$ andalusite porphyroblasts. Furthermore the syn-$D_1$ chloritoid and andalusite porphyroblasts grew during E-W bulk crustal shortening, whereas the syn-$D_3$ garnet and staurolite, and the syn-$D_4$ and/or post-$D_4$ andalusite porphyroblasts have grown under N-S bulk crustal shortening. The similarity in the characteristics and timing of the metamorphism and bulk crustal shortening directions between the Okcheon and Imjingang belts suggest that the peak metamorphic conditions tend to increase toward the western part (Imjingang belt and southwestern part of the Gyeonggi Massif) from the eastern part (Taebaeksan basin). The E-W bulk crustal shortening influenced the eastern part of the Okcheon belt, whereas the N-S bulk crustal shortening resulted in strong deformation in the Imjingang and Okcheon belts. Consequently, the Permo-Triassic Songrim orogeny in the Korean peninsula is probably not only related to collision of the North and South China blocks, but also to the amalgamation of terrane fragments at the eastern Eurasia margin (e.g., collision of the Sino-Korean continent and the Hida-Oki terrane).

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.503-510
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• 2014

To estimate the benefit of high-resolution meteorological data for building energy estimation, a building energy analysis has been conducted over Busan metropolitan areas. The heating and cooling load has been calculated at seven observational sites by using temperature, wind and relative humidity data provided by WRF model combined with the inner building data produced by American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). The building energy shows differences 2-3% in winter and 10-30% in summer depending on locations. This result implicates that high spatiotemporal resolution of meteorological model data is significantly important for building energy analysis.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.192-202
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• 2009

Background: Little information is available the role of Nitric Oxide (NO) in host defenses during human tuberculosis (TB) infection. We investigated the modulating factor(s) affecting NO synthase (iNOS) induction in human macrophages. Methods: Both iNOS mRNA and protein that regulate the growth of mycobacteria were determined using reverase transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. The upstream signaling pathways were further investigated using iNOS specific inhibitors. Results: Here we show that combined treatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D3) and Interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$ synergistically enhanced NO synthesis and iNOS expression induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) or by its purified protein derivatives in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Both the nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ and MEK1-ERK1/2 pathways were indispensable in the induction of iNOS expression, as shown in toll like receptor 2 stimulation. Further, the combined treatment with 1,25-D3 and IFN-${\gamma}$ was more potent than either agent alone in the inhibition of intracellular MTB growth. Notably, this enhanced effect was not explained by increased expression of cathelicidin, a known antimycobacterial effector of 1,25-D3. Conclusion: These data support a key role of NO in host defenses against TB and identify novel modulating factors for iNOS induction in human macrophages.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.41-54
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• 2021

There is a difficulty in improving the working environment and technological advancement due to power supply through cables in the application of linear motors of robots and transfer systems applied in the existing manufacturing industry. We have studied the shape of the high-frequency coil for contactless power transmission system and characteristics of power conversion system, based on the magnetic field analysis of 2D and 3D, using the FEM-based physical analysis program.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.3181-3187
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• 2014

A series of 3,4-dihydroquinazoline derivatives with anti-cancer activities against human colon cancer HT-29 cell were subjected to three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) studies using the comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) approaches. The most potent compound, BK10001 was used to align the molecules. As a result, the best prediction was obtained with CoMSIA combined electrostatic, hydrophobic, and hydrogen-bond acceptor fields ($q^2=0.648$, $r^2=0.882$). This model was validated by an external test set of six compounds giving satisfactory predictive $r^2$ values of 0.879. This model would guide the design of potent 3,4-dihydroquinazoline derivatives as anti-cancer agent for the treatment of human colon cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.81-93
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• 2024

In Korea, numerous large-scale infrastructure construction projects and housing site developments are being undertaken. However, due to limited land availability, sourcing high-quality backfill materials that meet the standards for railroad and road embankment compaction and mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) retaining wall construction poses significant challenges. Concurrently, there has been an increase in structural failures of many MSE retaining walls, attributed primarily to reduced bearing capacity and impaired drainage performance, resulting from inadequate backfill compaction. This study aimed to analyze the structural performance and safety of an MSE retaining wall using recycled soil as backfill. We conducted small-scale model tests utilizing 3D printing technology combined with two-dimensional numerical analysis. The study quantitatively evaluated the MSE retaining wall's performance concerning the recycled soil mixing ratio and reinforcement installation methods. Furthermore, the utility of 3D printing was confirmed through the production of an experimental wall designed to facilitate easy reinforcement attachment, mirroring the conditions of actual MSE retaining wall construction.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.19-24
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• 2010

The COMS (Communication Ocean Meteorological Satellite) is a hybrid geostationary satellite including communication, ocean, and meteorological payloads. The COMS includes the MODCS (Meteorological and Ocean Data Communication Subsystem) which provides transmitting the raw data collected by meteorological payload called MI (Meteorological Imager) and ocean payload named GOCI (Geostationary Ocean Color Imager) to the ground station, and relaying the meteorological data processed on the ground to the end-user stations. Here, for the L-band transmit antenna transmitting SD (Sensor Data) signal and the processed signal, from the system point of view, it is required to estimate the combined antenna gain when the L-band transmit is placed with MI and GOCI payloads on the earth panel of COMS. First of all, the L-band transmit horn is designed and analyzed for the requirements given, and then after placing it on the earth panel, the combined gain analysis is performed using three different analysis methods. It's shown that the obtained gain patterns are very similar among three different analysis methods. Finally the antenna gain degradation of less than 0.5 dB is estimated.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.1-16
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• 2012

There is no doubt that the urban heat island (UHI) is a mounting problem in built-up environments, due to energy retention by the surface materials of dense buildings, leading to increased temperatures, air pollution, and energy consumption. To investigate the UHI, three-dimensional (3-D) information is necessary to analyze complex sites, including dense building clusters. In this research, 3-D building geometry information is combined with two-dimensional (2-D) urban surface information to examine the relationship between urban characteristics and temperature. In addition, this research introduces spatial regression models to account for the spatial spillover effects of urban temperatures, and includes the following steps: (a) estimating urban temperatures, (b) developing a 3-D city model, (c) generating urban parameters, and (d) conducting statistical analyses using both Ordinary Least-Squares (OLS) and Spatial Regression Models. The results demonstrate that 3-D urban characteristics greatly affect temperatures and that neighborhood effects are critical in explaining temperature variations. Finally, the implications of the results are discussed, providing guidelines for policies to reduce the UHI.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.1604-1612
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• 2011

We developed three-dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship (3D-QASR) models for 17 adamantyl derivatives as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors. Eighteen different partial charge calculation methods were tested to check the feasibility of the 3D-QSAR models. Best predictive comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) model was obtained with the Austin Model 1-Bond Charge Correction (AM1-BCC) atomic charge. The 3D-QSAR models were derived with CoMFA and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA). The final CoMFA model ($q^2$ = 0.764, $r^2$ = 0.988) was calculated with an AM1-BCC charge and electrostatic parameter, whereas the CoMSIA model ($q^2$ = 0.655, $r^2$ = 0.964) was derived with an AM1-BCC charge and combined steric, electrostatic, hydrophobic and HB-acceptor parameters. Leave-five-out (LFO) cross-validation was also performed, which yielded good correlation coefficient for both CoMFA (0.801) and CoMSIA (0.656) models. Robustness of the developed models was checked further with 1000 run bootstrapping analyses, which gave an acceptable correlation coefficient for CoMFA (BS-$r^2$ = 0.997, BS-SD = 0.003) and CoMSIA (BS-$r^2$ = 0.996, BS-SD = 0.018).