• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.129-143
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• 1997

This study is about'The Costumes of Ch'oyong dance. (namely Ch'oyong-mu-bok; 처용무복)': emphasis on its structure and change. 1 studied Akhakguebum (the book of music and dance; 낙학궤범), Eui-Gue-Do (a collection of a series of paintings showing the whole processes of the royal courtesies and ceremonies; 의궤도) and some genre painting (풍증화). 'The costumes of Ch'oyong-Dance'were composed of robe(의), pants-skirt(대) , outer-skirt (상) , scarf-string(천의·길경) , shirt(한삼) , hat with mask (사교·가면) , belt(대) and shoes (혜) . According to the position, the colours of robe(의) and pants-skirt(군) were different. What is called, it is'the Colour of Five-Position (오방색) .'The Costumes of choyong-Dance' can be divided three factors by its symbolic means; i. e. shamanism, buddhism and bureaucratism. The pants-skirt(군), outer-skirts(상), scarf · string(천의·길경) and mask are considered as shamanic factor. However, the scarf(천의) , string(길경) and patterns(만화)which are decorated with many lotus patterns enclosed with vine are considered as buddhistic factor. And the hat (사모) , robe(의) , outer-skirt(상) , belt(대) and shoes(잔) are considered as bureaucratic factor. Ch'oyong is endowed with some power by these factors, and its symbolic means became stronger and enlarged by 'the Colour of five-position'. As time goes, the forms and details of robe had been changed noticeable; sleeve-width, neck-line and patterns. The shamanic, buddhistic and bureaucratic factors are reduced. These changes were derived from the changes of Ch'oyong·Dance. On the ground of the shape of mask and round-neckline robe(단영) , someone has an opinion that Ch'oyong is an aribian. However, according to this study, Ch'oyonh is Korean traditional thing; round-neckline robe already existed and settled in Silla dynasty and Ch'oyong-mask symbolized shamanic power.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.117-126
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• 2008

Lacan's Identification theory has been applied to various cultural genres such as literature, film, media so on. Especially, Identification theory in Film Theory gives game researchers who try to apply identification theory to the game, a concrete base. This paper aims to explain the gamer's action through identification theory. Thus, we divide identification into the level of the gamer's point of view and that of the character in game text. While point-on-view of identification, the primary identification, in film has been explained that the audience identifies with camera's point-of view, in game one identifies with various point-of-views. There are two aspects of Identification of characters in game. First, gamers identify themselves with moving images on screen. Second, They identify with the roles given to themselves. The factors which allow them identification are suppression of false statement system, interpolation and process of selection, arrangement, a cursor, colours on screen.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.38
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• pp.51-72
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• 1998

Futurists objected the existent style, that is the conventional fashion, and took part in these disciplines of fashion to make clothes the instruments being able to represent the individuality. Giacomo Balla and fortunato Depero, pain-ters who in 1915 were to work with Diaghilev's company, were the first to see clothing as a dynamic interfaced between th body and the atmosphere, between physical gestures and the urban context, which could be translated into encounters between forms and colours, volumes and architecture. For them, clothing began to exist as an object and an event, something to be removed from a mainly static conception and made mobile, active. The interaction between movement and clothing was based on the relativity of perception : the appearance and disappearance of the body produced points without dimension or duration which served, as Balla wrote in the Futurist Mnaifesto of Men's Clothing to“renew incessantly the enjoyment and impetuous movement of the body”. The historical achievement in the effort for the reformation of Futurist, Art to Wear. First, for Futurist, clothing is removed from a static conception and focused on dynamics. Second, Balla used asymmetry in men's clothing. Moreover he supposed dynamic men's clothes by using optical intersection. Third, the after image of Chronophotograph represented rapidity. This rhythmic expression is the fore-runner in Optical and Kinetic Art of Visual Art. Fourth, Futurist emphasized flexibility in fashion. They aimed to create‘Clothing Machines’whose parts would interact to aceelerate the real and virtual, inner and outer movement of the human being. Fifth, the variety and short life of cutting skills and colors are focused and‘Fast Substance’in fashion is admitted by Futurists. Futurist concern with clothing was not lim-ited its appearance in terms of cut and colour. What important was also the way it appeared and disappeared according to fashion. It was a“fast substance”, able to reflect rapid, sudden changes of social and aesthetic taste. To reach to the aim of internationalization, Gesamtkunstwerk in our Art to Wear, it is extremely meaningful to examine art fashion which is created under the conception of Gesamtkunstwerk production of avang garde artist in the early 20th century and look at formative conscious of truth, goodess and beauty synthetically which they faced on their works of art.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.232.1-232.1
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• 2014

The green displays are the human friendly displays, the nature friendly displays, and the economical displays. Electrochromic displays are low cost and environmental devices because they do have more choice of colours and use much less power. The elements of the electrochromic devices consist of at least two conductors, an electrochromic material and an electrolyte. The optical properties were obtained using the optical contrast between the transparency of the substrate and the coloured state of the electrochromic materials. These devices can be fully flexible and printable. Due to the characteristics of the high coloration efficiency and memory effects, the electrochromic devices have been used in various applications such as information displays, smart windows, light shutters and electronic papers. Among these technical fields switchable mirrors have been received much attention in the applicative point of view of various electronic devices production. We have developed a novel silver (Ag) deposition-based electrochromic device for the reversible electrodeposition (RED) system. The electrochromic device can switch between transparent states and mirror states in response to a change in the applied voltage. The dynamic range of transmittance percent (%) for the fabricated device is about 90% at 550 nm wavelength. Also, we successfully fabricated the large area RED display system using the parted electrochromic cells of the honey comb structure.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.5-6
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• 1970

Abies koreansa Wilson grows at the upper part of Mts. Halla, Chiri, Mudung, Kaji and Dokyu. It was at first collected by Father U. Faurie on the May of 1907 from the Mt. Halla, Quelpaert. Cone colour of this species varies from green to black purple and the typical colour of it is violet purple. A form of black purple was named by Hatushima in 1934. Green and reddish brown or reddish purple colours of this species were discovered recently at the Mt. Halla. All these forms can be identified as the following. for. koreana - Abies koreana Wilson in Journ. Arn. Arb. 1, 188(1920) ; Mori, En. 27(1922) ; Uyeki, Timb. Tr. 117(1926) et Woody Pl. 5(1940) ; Chung et al, Comm. Nam. 12(1937) ; Handb. Kor. Manch. For. 71(1939) ; Kawamoto, III. For. P1. 16(1940) ; T. Lee, Arb. Kor. 12(1947) et Billiogr. Woody P1. 233(1966) ; Nakai, Synopt. 23(1952)-A. nephrolepis sensu Nakai, Rep. Veg. Chirisan 23, no. 27(1915) et Rep. Veg. Quelpaert Isl. 13, no. 142 (1915), non Max. (1866) Strobili violaceo-purpurei, bracteis viridibus juvenilibus vel stramineis matureis. Mt. Halla ( Lee, no. 970527K. ) for. chlorocarpa, forma nova ; Strobili et bracteae viridi sed rubescent in apice juvenili inflerescentiae. Mt. Halla ( Lee, no. 970527C. ) for. rubrocarpa, forma nova ; Strobili et bracteae rubro-purpurei vel rubro-fusui Mt. Halla ( Lee, no. 970527R. ) for nigrocarpa Hatushima, Rep. Exp. For. Kyushu U. 40(1934) ; T. Lee, Arb. Kor. 12(1947) et Bibliogr. Woody P1,233(1966). Strobili et bracteae nigro-purpurei. Mt. Halla (Lee, no. 970527N. )

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.49
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• pp.563-588
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• 2017

Cats used to be long avoided in Korean culture due to prejudices on their negative implications, yet they are increasingly being favoured by domestic readers along with a growing number of cat lovers, picture books, essays and webtoons. In the case of Yoko Sano's work, half of her published books in Korea depicts cats. Among those is 'The Cat That Lived a Million Times' which is a worldwide million seller. The research analyses five picture books on cats published in Korea, focusing on finding out symbolic representation of cats other than merely being the protagonist of the book. Sano asserts that we respect our own free well and love ourselves just as cats do in her books. In conclusion, cats in Sano's work mostly represent the author herself, which are sometimes depicted as mother and son. The colours and thick outlines of her cats, unlike tender characteristics, describes self-righteous strong personality, while emphasising both static and dynamic movements.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.257-261
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• 2001

Leather (skin & hide) is a body organ, comprising 3 to 5% of the animals weight. The cross-section of a leather is composed of two major divisions: the epidermis or grain layer and the corium or split layer. The leather is naturally covered with bacteria and fungi, because it is a particularly rich source of a wide variety of microorganisms. Stains or coatings of different colours occur in patches or over large areas, depending on the type of mould spore infestation. We examined the antibiotic effect of leather after washing. Upon applying equal fungicide, antibiotic effects increased as follows: grain layer>middle layer>flesh layer. Antibiotic effect decreased with increasing frequency of washing. Decrease in antibiotic effect was lower in OITZ fungicide than in TCMTB and CMK fungicides. Sulfated fatliquor showed higher antibiotic effect than phosphated fatliquor.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.381-394
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• 2011

In Korea, the number of foreigners reached about 1,260,000. So we are now living in a multicultural society. There are more than 36,000 multicultural students in kindergarten, elementary, middle, and high school(2010's standards). In other words, Still more multicultural students are expected to increase in the future. As a matter of fact, one of the biggest problems which mixed couples and immigrants from other countries have had is most concerned about possible bias and discrimination of their children. Study has shown that multicultural students are alienated from the others at school, because of their skin colours, the pronunciation they speak Korean, and maladjustment in their school life. Actually, multi-cultural education program should be applied to the first grade in elementary school. Besides, teachers have to direct multicultural and general students with integrated education. Study also found that it is necessary to use more visuals and pictures as the main multi-cultural education. And books and CDs should be used as guide materials. It's desirable that the appropriate time to teach relate to lesson.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2007

In recent years, the application of digital textile printing has increased. The benefits of using this method include the ease of sampling and the production of printed textiles. However, the production process of digital textile printing differs from that of conventional printing. For successful digital textile printing by ink-jet technology, the pretreatment of fabrics is very important in order to overcome the following problems. Low viscosity ink can spread easily on the textile surface leading to poor resolution. As a result, the combination of ink and pretreatment chemicals is still impractical and consequently most fabrics used in digital textile printing will require a pre treated coating in order to prevent the ink colours from bleeding on the fabric. Research presented in this paper shows some preliminary attempts to establish the relationship between the pre treatment and the digital textile printing quality. Various cotton fabrics were treated with pre treatment agents including ingredients like thickener, alkali and humectant, and then ink spread effect and colour yield of printed fabrics by reactive ink were analysed by using an optical microscope and K/S value. The results show that digital textile printing quality on cotton fabrics can be optimized with appropriate pre treatments.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.279-292
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• 2001

Two kinds of (hydroxypropyl)cellulose(HPCs) with different molar substitution (MS) and three types of derivatives based on the HPCs: (acetoxypropyl)celluloses, (ethoxypropyl)celluloses, and (cyanoethoxyprofyl)celluloses were synthesized, and their thermal and mesomorphic properties were investigated. All samples, which exhibit cholesteric reflection colours at room temperature, formed right-handed helicoidal structures whose optical pitches (λ$_{ms}$ ) increase with temperature. However, the isotropization ($T_{i}$) and glass temperatures, the magnitude of λ$_{m}$ of the mesophase at the same temperature, and the temperature dependence of λ$_{m}$ of the investigated derivatives highly depended on MS and the length and structure of the side chain introduced in HPC. The results were discussed in terms of the difference in the polarity and flexibility of the substituents and the distance between the main chains. For all derivatives, Am values approached infinity at temperatures above the $T_{i}$, of the mesophase, and no reversal in the sense of the pitch with temperature was detected.