• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2012

Objectives The aim of this study is to propose an optimized tongue colour interpolation method to achieve accurate tongue image rendering. Methods We selected 60 colour chips in the chips of DIC color guide selector, and then divided randomly the colour chips into two groups. The colour chips of a group (Gr I) were used for finding the optimized colour correction factor of error and those of the other group (Gr II) were used for verifying the correction factor. We measured colour value of the Gr I colour chips with spectrophotometer, and took the colour chips image with a digital tongue image system (DTIS). We adjusted colour correction factor of error to equal the chip colour from each method. Through that process, we obtained the optimized colour correction factor. To verify the correction factor, we measured colour value of the Gr II colour chips with a spectrophotometer, and took the colour chips image with the DTIS in the two types of colour interpolation mode (auto white balance mode and optimized colour correction factor mode). And then we calculated the CIE-$L^*ab$ colour difference (${\Delta}E$) between colour values measured with the spectrophotometer and those from images taken with the DTIS. Results In auto white balance mode, The mean ${\Delta}E$ between colour values measured with the spectrophotometer and those from images taken with the DTIS was 13.95. On the other hand, in optimized colour correction factor mode, The mean ${\Delta}E$ was 9.55. The correction rate was over 30%. Conclusions In case of interpolating colour of images taken with the DTIS, we suggest that procedure to search the optimized colour correction factor of error should be done first.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.142-146
• /
• 1964

The author proposed an equation of fading rate, expressed as ${\Delta}E$=${\Delta}E_{1{\infty}}({{1-e^{-k}}_1}^t)+k_2t$, where ${\Delta}E$=fading of dye (colour difference of N.B.S. unit), ${\Delta}E_{1{\infty}}$=extremity value of fading of molecularly dispersed dye, $k_1$, $k_2$=constants, t=exposure (hours). The validity of above equation, which is connected with the state of dye in fibre, was confirmed by experimental in a range of 2-3 colour fading in grey scale value for assessing change in colour visually, except the case of increasing the fading rate with the time resulted from the break-down of dye particles through the heat effect of light; it was also discussed about possiblity of evaluating of fastness to light of dye in early stage.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
• /
• 2010.04a
• /
• pp.34.4-34.4
• /
• 2010

We present the properties of globular cluster systems for 10 early-type galaxies in low density environments obtained using deep images from the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Using the ACS Virgo Cluster Survey as a counterpart in high-density environments, we investigate the role of environment in determining the properties of their globular cluster systems. We detect a strong colour bimodality of globular cluster systems in half of our galaxy sample. It is found that there is a strong correlation between the colour and richness of globular cluster populations and their host galaxy luminosities: the less bright galaxies possess bluer and fewer globular clusters as also seen in rich cluster environments. However, the mean colour of globular clusters in our field sample are slightly bluer than those in cluster environments at a given galaxy luminosity, and the colour of the red population has a steeper slope with absolute luminosity. By employing the YEPS simple stellar population model, the colour offset corresponds to metallicity difference of $\Delta$[F e/H ] ~ 0.15 - 1.20 or an age difference of $\Delta$age ~ 2 Gyr on average, implying that GCs in field galaxies appear to be either less metal-rich or younger than those in cluster galaxies. Although we have found that galaxy environment has a subtle effect on the formation and metal enrichment of GC systems, host galaxy mass is the primary factor that determines the stellar populations of GCs and the galaxy itself.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.185-192
• /
• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare with color reproducibility of the coating method and dipping method using a colour liquid. Methods: Two groups of square-shaped specimens ($10mm{\times}10mm$ in diameter, 1.5mm thickness) were prepared for analysis(n=15/group). The CM(Coating Method) group was fabricated as full zirconia specimens with the coating coloring method and Group DM(Dipping Method) was prepared as specimens of 0.7 mm-thick zirconia plate using the dipping coloring method and veneered with 0.8mm-thick porcelain. Color parameters were measured with ShadeEye $NCC^{(R)}$ spectrophotometer and color differences were calculated using the equation ${\Delta}E^*= \{({\Delta}L^*)^2+({\Delta}a^*)^2+({\Delta}b^*)^2\}^{1/2}$. Non-parametric statistical methods, the Mann-Whitney test, and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze the data. Type one error rate was set at 0.05. Results: Color difference values larger than 7 were observed between specimens with the coating method and the dipping method, which were detectable difference in a clinical setting. Conclusion: Cautious application of the coating coloring method in a clinical setting and further researches to standardize the coating method are needed.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.11-19
• /
• 2006

Black-dyed PET fabrics were sputtered with stainless steel through DC-magnetron type device to investigate the possibility of coloration effect, and then considered the morphological structure and physical characteristics such as water permeation ability and washing fastness. Change in color was estimated on the basis of CIELAB color system. The color coordination of metal plated PET was shifted to yellow-red from red-blue. Colour difference$({\Delta}E^*)$ was increased by sputtering conditions with increasing ion current and treatment time. Especially, $Lightness(L^*)$ value of PET was remarkably increased by sputtering, whereas $Chroma(C^*)$ increased gradually. From SEM analysis, rough and uneven craters were found and thickened on the fiber surfaces with longer sputtering time. And washing fastness was a little poor and absorption ability slightly decreased. There were little changes of breaking load and breaking extension. It was evident that observed uneven craters in the plated thin layer resulted in the colour change of PET fabrics by sputtering treatments.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.10 no.7
• /
• pp.1635-1641
• /
• 2009

In this study, we have prepared plastic lenses with both photochromic and hard properties by hard coating, and evaluated their optical properties and surface characteristics. Photochromic effects could be observed on the UV spectra of the closed forms and the visible spectra of the open forms. Visible light transmittance of photochromic lenses was from 83.44% for graphite(GP) to 85.15% for blue(BL) in colourless state and from 71.10% for red(RE) to 79.98% for yellow(YE) in colour state. Red photochromic lens was higher in optical density(${\Delta}$OD) and color difference(${\Delta}$$E^{\ast}_\;{ab}$) than the others. Photochromic lenses applied by hard coating showed good adhesion, hot water resistance, chemical resistance and surface appearance. Also, compared to the uncoated lens, hardness and abrasion resistance were increased. Consequently, this coating system could impart functional properties such as photochromic and hard coating property onto ophthalmic lenses.

• Fibers and Polymers
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.303-308
• /
• 2004

A natural colorant was extracted from Cassia tara L. using buffer solutions (pH: 2-11) as extractants. The dyeing solution (Cassia tara L. extract) extracted using pH 9 buffer solution was found to give the highest K/S values of dyed fabrics. Cotton and silk fabrics were dyed with Cassia tara L. extract at $60^{\circ}C$ for 60 min with pre-treatment of various metal salts as mordants. It was found that Cassia tara L. extract was polygenetic dyestuffs and its major components were anthraquinones. Studies have been made on the effects of the kind of mordant on dyeing properties and colour fastnesses of cotton and silk fabrics. The K/S of cotton fabrics increased in the order of the dyeing using $FeSO_4 >CuSO_4> ZnSO_4> MnSO_4\cong Al_2(SO_4)_3 > NiSo_4 > none$, however, the K/S of silk fabrics increased in the order of the dyeing using $FeSO_4 > CuSO_4 > ZnSO_4\cong Al_2(SO_4)_3 > MnSO_4\cong NiSO_4 > none$. It was found that the K/S values of dyed fabrics were largely affected by the colour difference $(\DeltaE)$ between mordanted fabric and control fabric. However, they were not depended on the content of mordanted metal ion of the fabrics. Mordants $FeSO_4$ and CuSO_4$ for cotton fabric, $FeSO_4,\; CuSO_4,\; and\; Al_2(S0_4)_3$ for silk fabric were found to give good light fastness (rating 4).